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1.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 100(5): 352-362, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735830

ABSTRACT

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation is highly variable, but the classic phenotype, characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, extremity reduction defects, hirsutism and intellectual disability can be distinguished from the nonclassic phenotype, which is generally milder and more difficult to diagnose. In addition, the clinical features overlap with those of other neurodevelopmental disorders, so the use of consensus clinical criteria and artificial intelligence tools may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Pathogenic variants in NIPBL, which encodes a protein related to the cohesin complex, have been identified in more than 60% of patients, and pathogenic variants in other genes related to this complex in another 15%: SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. Technical advances in large-scale sequencing have allowed the description of additional genes (BRD4, ANKRD11, MAU2), but the lack of molecular diagnosis in 15% of individuals and the substantial clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome suggest that other genes and mechanisms may be involved. Although there is no curative treatment, there are symptomatic/palliative treatments that paediatricians should be aware of. The main medical complication in classic SCdL is gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), which should be treated early.


Subject(s)
De Lange Syndrome , Phenotype , Child , Humans , De Lange Syndrome/diagnosis , De Lange Syndrome/genetics
2.
Eur J Pediatr ; 183(5): 2101-2110, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38349423

ABSTRACT

Early-life onset of high blood pressure is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. In adolescents, limited evidence exists regarding the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and normal blood pressure (BP) levels, as well as its potential to modulate genetic predisposition to HTN. This study investigated the interaction between a MedDiet score and a recently developed HTN-genetic risk score (HTN-GRS) on blood pressure levels in a European adolescent cohort. The MedDiet score was derived from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and ranged from 0 (indicating low adherence) to 9 (indicating high adherence). Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for covariates, were employed to examine the relationship between the MedDiet score and BP z-scores and to assess the interaction effects between the MedDiet score and HTN-GRS on BP z-scores. MedDiet score showed a negative association with z-systolic BP (SBP) (ß = -0.40, p < 0.001) and z-diastolic BP (DBP) (ß = -0.29, p = 0.001). Additionally, a significant interaction effect was identified between the MedDiet score and HTN-GRS on z-SBP (ß = 0.02, p < 0.001) and z-DBP (ß = 0.02, p < 0.001). The modulatory effect of the MedDiet was more pronounced in females than in males, and HTN-GRS exhibited a stronger influence on DBP than on SBP.   Conclusion: The study suggests that higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with reduced BP levels in adolescents and provides evidence of a genetic-diet interaction influencing BP in adolescents. What is Known: • Adherence to the Mediterranean diet may reduce BP levels. What is New: • It is the first study to assess the connection between adherence to a Mediterranean diet, a hypertension genetic risk score, and how they interact in influencing blood pressure. • It is conducted within a multicenter cohort of European adolescents.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure , Diet, Mediterranean , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Hypertension , Humans , Diet, Mediterranean/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Male , Female , Hypertension/genetics , Hypertension/prevention & control , Blood Pressure/genetics , Europe , Risk Factors , Linear Models , Child
3.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 89(4): 238-245, oct. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-177104

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La pubarquia precoz (PP) es generalmente considerada como una enfermedad benigna, pero puede ser el primer signo de una enfermedad subyacente. OBJETIVO: Analizar la etiología y la evolución de parámetros antropométricos, analíticos y de riesgo metabólico, en pacientes con PP. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico, de 92 pacientes afectos de PP. Se evaluaron medidas antropométricas y analíticas, la edad ósea y marcadores de metabolismo lipídico. RESULTADOS: Muestra de 92 pacientes (67 mujeres y 25 varones) con PP, con una edad media de 7,1 ± 0,6 años las mujeres y 8,3 ± 0,7 los varones. El 7,7% fueron pequeños para la edad gestacional. La edad ósea estaba adelantada (1,2 ± 0,1 años). Veintiún pacientes fueron clasificados como PP idiopática (23%), 60 como adrenarquia precoz idiopática (65%) y 11 como hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita no clásica (12%). La pubertad se mostró adelantada respecto a la media (11 ± 0,9 años en varones versus 9,9 ± 0,8 años en mujeres), así como la edad de la menarquia (11,8 ± 1,1 años), p < 0,001. La talla final alcanzada es próxima a la talla genética. Existe una correlación positiva entre el Z-score del índice de masa corporal, la glucemia y el colesterol LDL, así como una tendencia a la hiperinsulinemia. CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio demuestra como la PP en la mayoría de los casos supone una patología benigna, no siendo infrecuente la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita no clásica (12%). Estos pacientes presentaron un adelanto puberal, de la edad ósea y de la menarquia. El crecimiento fue adecuado, alcanzando prácticamente su talla genética. La PP asociada a obesidad presenta alteraciones analíticas de riesgo metabólico


INTRODUCTION: Premature pubarche (PP) is generally thought to be a benign condition, but it can also be the first sign of underlying disease. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the aetiology and the evolution of the anthropometric, analytical and metabolic risk parameters of a group of patients with PP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive and analytical retrospective study of 92 patients affected by PP. Anthropometry, analyses, bone age and indicators of lipid metabolism were all evaluated. RESULTS: The sample included 92 patients with PP (67 female and 25 male), with a mean age of 7.1 ± 0.6 for girls and 8.3 ± 0.7 for boys. Small for gestational age was recorded in 7.7%. There was an accelerated bone age (1.20 ± 0.1 years). A total of 21 patients were classified as idiopathic (23%), 60 as idiopathic premature adrenarche (65%), and 11 with non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (12%). Puberty was reached early (11 + 0.9 years old in boys and 9.9 ± 0.8 in girls), as was menstruation age (11.8 + 1.1 years old), P < .001. The stature finally reached was close to their genetic stature. There is a positive correlation between body mass index, blood glucose and LDL cholesterol, as well as a tendency towards hyperinsulinaemia. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that PP is a benign condition in the majority of cases, but non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (12%) is not uncommon. Menstruation and puberty started early and bone age was accelerated. Growth was normal, and more or less in line with genetic size. PP associated with obesity is linked with analytical variations of metabolic risks


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Puberty, Precocious/complications , Puberty, Precocious/etiology , Adrenarche , Retrospective Studies , Disease Progression , Observational Study , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital
4.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 88(6): 340-349, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176959

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud de alta prevalencia. Aunque existen guías clínicas para su manejo, la variabilidad en su abordaje clínico es un hecho. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la práctica clínica habitual en unidades de Endocrinología Pediátrica y evaluar su adecuación a la guía recomendada. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo mediante encuesta a endocrinólogos infantiles de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología Pediátrica. Las preguntas fueron formuladas en base a las recomendaciones de la «Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre la Prevención y el Tratamiento de la Obesidad Infantojuvenil» del Ministerio de Sanidad español. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 125 encuestas de todas la Comunidades Autónomas. Se observó variabilidad en el número de pacientes atendidos al mes y en la frecuencia de las visitas. El 70% de los encuestados no dispone de un nutricionista ni de psicólogo o psiquiatra al que derivar a los pacientes. En el tratamiento, las medidas dietéticas son las más empleadas; un 69% nunca ha prescrito fármacos para perder peso. De los que prescriben, el 52,6% no utilizan el consentimiento informado como paso previo a su empleo. Conclusiones: Pocos centros cumplen las recomendaciones de la Guía de Práctica Clínica sobre la Prevención y el Tratamiento de la Obesidad Infantil en un plan de calidad establecido. La práctica clínica difiere mucho entre los endocrinólogos pediátricos encuestados, sin existir protocolos unificados de actuación, y con escasa disponibilidad de recursos para el tratamiento integral que precisa esta enfermedad


Introduction: Childhood obesity is a high prevalence health problem. Although there are clinical guidelines for its management, there is variability in its clinical approach. The aim of this study is to describe the usual clinical practice in Paediatric Endocrinology Units in Spain and to evaluate if it resembles the recommended guidelines. Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent to paediatric endocrinologists of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Endocrinology. The questions were formulated based on the recommendations of "Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity" issued by the Spanish Ministry of Health. Results: A total of 125 completed questionnaires were obtained from all Autonomous Communities. Variability was observed both in the number of patients attended and in the frequency of the visits. The majority (70%) of the paediatricians who responded did not have a dietitian, psychologist or psychiatrist, in their centre to share the treatment for obese children. As regards treatment, dietary advice is the most used, and 69% have never prescribed weight-loss drugs. Of those who have prescribed them, 52.6% did not use informed consent as a prior step to them being used. Conclusions: There are few centres that comply with the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines on prevention and treatment of childhood obesity as an established quality plan. Clinical practice differs widely among the paediatric endocrinologists surveyed. There are no uniform protocols of action, and in general there is limited availability of resources for the multidisciplinary treatment required by this condition


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Delivery of Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Endocrinology , Health Care Surveys , Guideline Adherence , Pediatrics , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Spain , Observational Study
5.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 86(5): 240-248, mayo 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-162279

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los niños pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) sin crecimiento recuperador pueden beneficiarse del tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento (rhGH). Sin embargo, deben ser monitorizados de forma muy estrecha ya que son población de riesgo metabólico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se han incluido 28 niños PEG, con una media de edad de 8,79 años, sin crecimiento recuperador, tratados con rhGH. Hemos evaluado las modificaciones producidas en la antropometría, variables de riesgo metabólico y composición corporal durante 4 años de tratamiento. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento con rhGH se acompañó de un aumento de talla (-2,76 ± 0,11 DE hasta -1,53 ± 0,17 DE; p = 0,000), peso (-1,50 ± 0,09 DE hasta -1,21 ± 0,13 DE; p = 0,016) y velocidad de crecimiento (-1,43 ± 0,35 DE hasta 0,41 ± 0,41 DE; p = 0,009), sin producir modificaciones en el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se han visto aumentos significativos de la insulinemia (9,33 ± 1,93 mU/ml hasta 16,55 ± 1,72 mU/ml; p = 0,044) y del índice HOMA (3,63 ± 0,76 hasta 6,43 ± 0,67; p = 0,042), sin producirse modificaciones en el perfil lipídico. En el estudio de composición corporal se ha comprobado un aumento significativo de la masa magra (73,19 ± 1,26 hasta 78,74 ± 1,31; p = 0,037) con una disminución de la masa grasa (26,81 ± 1,26 hasta 21,26 ± 1,31; p = 0,021). CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento con rhGH se ha acompañado de una ganancia en la talla sin producir alteraciones en el IMC. Asimismo, se han observado cambios en la composición corporal, con un aumento de la proporción de masa magra a expensas de una disminución de la de masa grasa, que podrían conducir a un descenso del riesgo metabólico de estos pacientes. Sin embargo, se ha detectado cierta resistencia insulínica. Es importante continuar el seguimiento de estos niños para determinar las posibles repercusiones en la edad adulta


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Small for gestational age (SGA) children without catch-up growth can benefit from treatment with growth hormone (rhGH). However, they should be monitored very closely because they are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A group of 28 SGA children with a mean age of 8.79 years and undergoing treatment with rhGH were selected for evaluation. Over the course of 4 years, an annual evaluation was performed on the anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index [BMI], growth rate, blood pressure and waist perimeter), metabolic risk variables (glycaemia, glycosylated haemoglobin, cholesterol ratio, insulinaemia, insulin-like growth factor 1[IGF1], IGF binding protein-3 [IGFBP-3], IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio, and HOMA index), and body composition variables. RESULTS: Treatment with rhGH was associated with a significant increase in height (-2.76 ± .11 SD to -1.53 ± .17 SD, P=.000), weight (-1.50 ± .09 SD to -1.21 ± .13 SD; P = .016), and growth rate (-1.43 ± .35 SD to .41 ± .41 SD; P=.009), without a corresponding change in the BMI. Insulinaemia (9.33 ± 1.93 mU/ml to 16.55 ± 1.72 mU/ml; P = .044) and the HOMA index (3.63 ± .76 to 6.43 ± .67; P = .042) increased, approaching insulin resistance levels. No changes were observed in the lipid profile. Body composition changes were observed, with a significant increase in lean mass (73.19 ± 1.26 to 78.74 ± 1.31; P = .037), and a reduction of fat mass (26.81 ± 1.26 to 21.26 ± 1.31; P = .021). CONCLUSION: Treatment with rhGH is effective for improving anthropometric variables in SGA patients who have not experienced a catch-up growth. It also produces changes in body composition, which may lead to a reduction in risk of metabolic syndrome. However, some insulin resistance was observed. It is important to follow up this patient group in order to find out whether these changes persist into adulthood


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/growth & development , Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Growth Disorders/drug therapy , Body Composition , Prospective Studies , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data , Anthropometry/methods
6.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 148(3): 101-106, feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-160050

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: Los pacientes pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) son población de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular y síndrome metabólico. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la morfología y la función cardiaca en un grupo de niños PEG en edad escolar en tratamiento con growth hormone (GH, «hormona de crecimiento»). Métodos: Se han incluido en el estudio 23 pacientes PEG y 23 controles sanos. Se valoró peso, talla, presión arterial y frecuencia cardiaca. Mediante ecocardiografía transtorácica se evaluó el tamaño de las cavidades cardiacas, el diámetro de la aorta ascendente y abdominal y parámetros de función biventricular. Resultados: Los niños PEG presentan mayores percentiles de presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (p < 0,05), sin cambios significativos en la frecuencia cardiaca. Tienen un mayor diámetro del septo interventricular (Z-score 1,57 en PEG frente a 0,89; p = 0,026) y una peor función sistólica del ventrículo derecho, con un TAPSE inferior (Z-score −0,98 en PEG frente a 0,95; p = 0,000) y una menor velocidad sanguínea en arteria pulmonar (0,85 m/s en PEG frente a 0,97 m/s; p = 0,045). No se han encontrado diferencias en la función del ventrículo izquierdo. El diámetro de la aorta ascendente es mayor en PEG (Z-score−1,09 frente a−1,93; p = 0,026), mientras que el diámetro de la aorta abdominal en sístole es menor (Z-score −0,89 frente a −0,19; p = 0,015). Conclusiones: Se han observado cambios significativos en la morfología y la función cardiaca en niños PEG en edad escolar tratados con GH. Es importante continuar en ellos un seguimiento para determinar si estas alteraciones contribuyen a un aumento de morbilidad cardiaca en la edad adulta (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Small for gestational age (SGA) patients have an increased risk of developing a cardiovascular pathology, as well as a metabolic syndrome. Our objective is to evaluate the cardiac morphology and function of SGA children treated with growth hormone (GH), identifying changes that could potentially have long-term consequences. Methods: We selected 23 SGA school-age patients and 23 healthy children. We measured their weight, height, blood pressure and heart rate. Using transthoracic echocardiography, we evaluated cardiac chamber size, ascending and abdominal aortic diameter as well as the systolic and diastolic function of both ventricles. Results: SGA children have a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < .05) without significant changes in their heart rate. They also have a thicker interventricular septum (SGA Z-score 1.57 vs. 0.89; P = .026) and a worse right ventricular systolic function, with a lower TAPSE (SGA Z-score −0.98 vs. 0.95; P = .000), as well as a lower blood flow rate in the pulmonary artery (SGA 0.85 m/s vs. 0.97 m/s; P = .045). No significant difference was observed in the patients’ left ventricular function. SGA patients’ ascending aortic diameter was greater (SGA Z-score −1.09 vs. −1.93; P = .026), whereas the systolic abdominal aortic diameter was smaller (SGA Z-score−0.89 vs. −0.19; P = .015). Conclusions: We found functional and morphological cardiac changes in SGA school-age patients treated with GH. It is important to follow-up this patient group in order to determine if these changes contribute to an increased cardiac morbidity in adulthood (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Heart Function Tests/methods , Gestational Age , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Risk Groups , Heart Ventricles/pathology , Heart Ventricles , Aorta, Abdominal/pathology , Aorta, Abdominal , Heart Rate , Heart Rate/physiology , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Ventricular Function, Right/radiation effects , Echocardiography , Body Mass Index , Analysis of Variance , Body Composition/radiation effects
7.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 147(6): 231-237, sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156029

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivos: Los niños pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) constituyen un grupo de riesgo para desarrollar síndrome metabólico. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las modificaciones que produce el tratamiento con growth hormone (GH, «hormona de crecimiento») en la composición corporal. Pacientes y método: Se analizan diversas variables antropométricas y de riesgo metabólico en una muestra de 28 niños PEG sin crecimiento recuperador. De forma anual desde el inicio del tratamiento con GH y durante 3 años se miden, mediante densitometría, diferentes variables de composición corporal: densidad mineral ósea (DMO), proporción de masa magra y masa grasa corporal y en la región abdominal. Se ha realizado un estudio de correlación entre variables metabólicas y de composición corporal. Resultados: El tratamiento con GH produce una disminución de la proporción de masa grasa con respecto a la masa magra en el cuerpo entero, con una disminución del porcentaje de grasa total desde 25,94±6,09 hasta 22,88±5,38% (p=0,034). En la región abdominal se observa un aumento de la masa magra desde 1.356,91±426,71 hasta 2.570,96±814,36g (p=0,000) y una tendencia a disminuir el depósito de grasa visceral. La DMO en la región lumbar mejora desde −1,55±0,68 hasta −0,90±0,79Z (p=0,019). Conclusiones: El tratamiento con GH produce cambios en la composición corporal con mejoras en la DMO y un aumento de la masa magra a expensas de la masa grasa. Estas modificaciones, de persistir en la edad adulta, podrían disminuir el riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular de estos pacientes (AU)


Background and objectives: Small for gestational age (SGA) children are at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Our objective is to evaluate changes in body composition produced by growth hormone (GH) treatment. Patients and method: A group of 28 SGA children without catch-up growth and undergoing treatment with GH was selected for evaluation. Over the course of 3 years from the beginning of the treatment with GH, the children's body composition variables (bone mineral density [BMD], fat and lean body mass proportion) were evaluated annually with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A study of correlation between metabolic and body composition variables was also made. Results: Treatment with GH produces a reduction in fat mass proportion in relation to lean body mass, decreasing from 25.94±6.09 to 22.88±5.38% (P=.034). In the abdominal regions we observe an increase in lean mass, from 1,356,91±426,71 to 2,570,96±814,36g (P=.000) and a tendency for visceral fat deposits to decrease. BMD in lumbar vertebrae improved from −1.55±0.68 to −0.90±0.79Z (P=.019). Conclusions: Treatment with GH produces changes in body composition, improving BMD and increasing the proportion of lean body mass with a reduction in fat mass. If these changes persisted into adulthood, they may cause a reduction in the metabolic and cardiovascular risk in this group of patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Birth Weight/physiology , Body Composition , Bone Density , Gestational Age , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Growth Disorders/drug therapy , Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Absorptiometry, Photon , Densitometry , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Cohort Studies
8.
Rev. lab. clín ; 9(1): 21-24, ene.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-150652

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad de von Hippel Lindau (VHL) (OMIM: 193300) es un síndrome familiar de predisposición al cáncer, asociado a una variedad de tumores benignos y malignos, principalmente hemangioblastomas en retina y en el sistema nervioso central, carcinoma de células renales y feocromocitomas. Exponemos el caso de un niño de 8 años con hipertensión arterial y antecedentes familiares de feocromocitoma, que acude a Urgencias por presentar visión borrosa. Se observa en la ecografía-doppler abdominal una masa suprarrenal izquierda y en la analítica una elevación de los niveles de normetanefrinas en orina. La identificación de una mutación en el gen VHL (OMIM: 608537) confirmó el diagnóstico de enfermedad VHL. Debe sospecharse el diagnóstico en pacientes con feocromocitoma de aparición precoz, más aún con antecedentes familiares de este tipo de tumores (AU)


Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease (OMIM: 193300) is a familial cancer syndrome, associated with various benign and malignant tumours, mainly retinal and central nervous system haemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinomas and pheochromocytomas. We describe the case of a 8 years old patient with arterial hypertension, blurred vision and family history of pheochromocytoma. A left adrenal mass is observed in doppler ultrasonography and high levels of normetanephrines in orine. Identification of a mutation in the VHL gen (OMIM: 608537) confirms the diagnosis of VHL disease. The diagnosis should be suspected in patients with early onset of pheochromocytoma, even more if there is a family history of this kind of tumors (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/complications , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/complications , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/pathology , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Fundus Oculi , Diagnosis, Differential , von Hippel-Lindau Disease/pathology , Hypertension/complications , Pheochromocytoma/genetics , Emergencies/epidemiology , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Ultrasonography, Doppler/trends , Pheochromocytoma/surgery , Laparoscopy/methods
9.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(6): 1211-1217, dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-132330

ABSTRACT

Durante años se ha descrito una mayor tendencia al sobrepeso en la población con diabetes tipo 1, tendencia que ya se observa durante la infancia y la pubertad. El tratamiento sustitutivo con insulina subcutánea parece ser uno de los factores implicados. Clarificar estas cuestiones y si este incremento ponderal puede conllevar un aumento en el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes en su etapa adulta es de gran interés, para poder desarrollar estrategias que prevengan o al menos atenúen esta evolución. La siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo realizar una puesta al día sobre la situación antropométrica y la presencia de exceso de grasa en los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 respecto a la población sana, así como la importancia de los distintos factores implicados y su potencial efecto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular (AU)


For years now, a stronger tendency towards overweight among diabetes 1 population has been described, a tendency already observed during childhood and pubescence. Insulin replacement therapy to be one of the main underlying factors. Clarifying these issues and determining whether this weight gain may bring in an increased cardiovascular risk in these patients during their adulthood is critical in order to develop strategies that prevent or at least diminish this evolution. This review aims at updating the anthropometric status and the presence of excess body fat in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes as compared to healthy population, establishing the relevance of the different factors implied and their potential effect on cardiovascular risk (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Adiposity/genetics , Sex Characteristics , Leptin/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control , Adiposity/physiology , Leptin/administration & dosage
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