ABSTRACT
The pathogenicity of six Metarhizium spp., four Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and four Tolypocladium cylindrosporum Gams (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) fungal pathogens exposed to third-instar Delia radicum L. was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. The presence of intra- and intergeneric variations concerning the pathogenicity of the isolates was investigated. Results show that all Metarhizium spp. and T. cylindrosporum isolates caused a noteworthy mortality to the third instar and consequently reduced adult eclosion. The well-known standard, F52 strain (identified as Metarhizium brunneum), resulted in up to 79% reduction in D. radicum eclosion. The other Metarhizium isolates including UAMH 9197 (Metarhizium anisopliae) and UAMH 2801 (M. brunneum), as well as T. cylindrosporum DAOM 167325 and DAOM 183952, produced a mean eclosion reduction of >50%. While the pathogenicity of Metarhizium spp. and T. cylindrosporum is similar, the B. bassiana isolates are undoubtedly less pathogenic. Based on the results obtained with the selected isolates, no intrageneric differences relative to the pathogenicity of the isolates appeared to be present. Globally, this study deepened the knowledge about D. radicum susceptibility toward Hypocreales entomopathogenic fungi, chiefly T. cylindrosporum. The implications of this study regarding the development of a biological control agent are discussed.
Subject(s)
Beauveria/pathogenicity , Diptera , Hypocreales/pathogenicity , Metarhizium/pathogenicity , Pest Control, Biological , Animals , Beauveria/isolation & purification , Beauveria/physiology , Hypocreales/isolation & purification , Hypocreales/physiology , Larva , Metarhizium/isolation & purification , Metarhizium/physiologyABSTRACT
The fifteen year long practice of loco-regional anaesthesia for cataract surgery has led, because its growing complexity (operating microscope, extra-capsular procedure, IOL) to improving neuroleptanalgesia. The actual step using a weak dose of Propofol is described. The akinesy of patient and eye permits that kind of surgery, well accepted without the risks of deep general anaesthesia with intubation.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Conduction , Cataract Extraction , Aged , Anesthesia, Local , Female , France , Hospitals, General , Humans , Male , Monitoring, Physiologic , Propofol , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Anesthesia, Conduction , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Anesthetics , Cataract Extraction , Dextromoramide , Phenols , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , PropofolABSTRACT
To suppress the risk inherent in laryngeal microsurgery performed with a CO2 laser beam, the authors suggest to use a reinforced silicone endotracheal tube, the cuff of which is protected by a silicone plus aluminium powder shield. The resistance of silicone to fire is augmented during laser shots by a nitrogen flow on the upper side of the shield at the rates of 2 l/min in patients breathing air and 30 l/min in patients give oxygen.
Subject(s)
Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Larynx/surgery , Laser Therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Carbon Dioxide , Child , Female , Humans , Laryngeal Neoplasms/surgery , Laryngitis/surgery , Male , Microsurgery , Middle Aged , Polyps/surgeryABSTRACT
The authors relate their experience of 61 rectal anesthesias with ketamine (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.25-0.5 mg/kg). Rectal anesthesia is well accepted by children who are afraid of percutaneous injection. When ketamine is used alone, they obtained only 76 p. cent good result. When diazepam is associated, good results arise to 95 p. cent. Diazepam added to ketamine allows surface surgery during 10 to 15 minutes.