ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The current goal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy is to maximally suppress viral replication. Securing this goal requires new drugs and treatment classes. The chemokine receptor CCR5 provides an entry portal for HIV-1, and PRO 140 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CCR5 and potently inhibits CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 in vitro. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating study was conducted in 39 individuals with HIV-1 RNA levels or =5000 copies/mL, CD4(+) cell counts > or =250 cells/microL, no antiretroviral therapy for 3 months, and only R5 HIV-1 detectable. Cohorts were randomized 3:10 to receive placebo or doses of PRO 140 of 0.5, 2, or 5 mg/kg. Subjects were monitored for 58 days for safety, antiviral effects, and serum concentrations of PRO 140. RESULTS: PRO 140 was generally well tolerated and demonstrated potent, rapid, prolonged, and dose-dependent antiviral activity. Mean reductions in HIV-1 RNA level of 0.58 log(10), 1.20 log(10) (P= .0002) and 1.83 log(10) (P= .0001) were observed for the 0.5-, 2-, and 5-mg/kg dose groups, respectively. Reductions in mean viral load of > or =10-fold were observed within 4 days and persisted for 2-3 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This trial established clear proof of concept for PRO 140 as a potent antiretroviral agent with extended activity after a single dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Register: ISRCTN45537485 .
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , HIV Antibodies/pharmacology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/blood , Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Area Under Curve , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Double-Blind Method , Drug Resistance, Viral , Female , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV-1/drug effects , Humans , Lymphocyte Count , Lymphocytes/immunology , Male , RNA, Viral/blood , Receptors, CCR5 , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate acoustic resonance spectrometry (ARS) as an alternative process analytical technology to near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in semi-solids such as creams, gels, ointments, and lotions. The ARS used for this research was an inexpensive instrument constructed from readily available parts. Acoustic-resonance spectra were collected with a frequency spectrum from 0 to 22.05 KHz. NIR data were collected from 1100 to 2500 nm. Using 1-point net analyte signal (NAS) calibration, NIR for the API (colloidal oatmeal [CO]) gave an r2 prediction accuracy of 0.971, and a standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.517%CO. ARS for the API resulted in an r2 of 0.983 and SEP of 0.317%CO. NAS calibration is compared with principal component regression. This research demonstrates that ARS can sometimes outperform NIR spectrometry and can be an effective analytical method for the quantification of API in semi-solids. ARS requires no sample preparation, provides larger penetration depths into lotions than optical techniques, and measures API concentrations faster and more accurately. These results suggest that ARS is a useful process analytical technology (PAT).
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/analysis , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Acoustics , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Powders/chemistry , Spectrum Analysis/methods , Tablets/chemistryABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate acoustic resonance spectrometry (ARS) as an alternative process analytical technology to near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the quantification of active pharmaceutical ingradient (API) in semi-solids such as creams, gels, ointments, and lotions. The ARS used for this research was an inexpensive instrument constructed from readily available parts. Acoustic-resonance spectra were collected with a frequency spectrum from 0 to 22.05 KHz. NIR data were collected from 1100 to 2500 nm. Using 1-point net analyte signal (NAS) calibration, NIR for the API (colloidal oatmeal [CO]) gave anr 2 prediction accuracy of 0.971, and a standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.517%CO. ARS for the API resulted in anr 2 of 0.983 and SEP of 0.317%CO. NAS calibration is compared with principal component regression. This research demonstrates that ARS can sometimes outperform NIR spectrometry and can be an effective analytical method for the quantification of API in semi-solids. ARS requires no sample preparation, provides larger penetration depths into lotions than optical techniques, and measures API concentrations faster and more accurately. These results suggest that ARS is a useful process analytical technology (PAT).
