Detection of Filoviruses in Bats in Vietnam.

A new filovirus named Menglà virus was found in bats in southern China in 2015. This species has been assigned to the new genus Dianlovirus and has only been detected in China. In this article, we report the detection of filoviruses in bats captured in Vietnam. We studied 248 bats of 15 species caught in the provinces of Lai Chau and Son La in northern Vietnam and in the province of Dong Thap in the southern part of the country. Filovirus RNA was found in four Rousettus leschenaultii and one Rousettus amplexicaudatus from Lai Chau Province. Phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase gene fragment showed that three positive samples belong to Dianlovirus, and two samples form a separate clade closer to Orthomarburgvirus. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 9% of Rousettus, 13% of Eonycteris, and 10% of Cynopterus bats had antibodies to the glycoprotein of marburgviruses.

Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in Ixodes ricinus Genome.

Members of the jingmenviruses group have been found in arthropods and mammals on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Two viruses of this group were isolated from patients with fever after a tick bite. Using a nested RT-PCR assay targeting a jingmenvirus polymerase gene fragment, we screened ticks collected in seven regions of Russia and found that the abundant jingmenvirus-positive were of Ixodes ricinus species, with the prevalence ranging from 19.8% to 34.3%. In all cases, DNase/RNase treatment suggested that the detected molecule was DNA and subsequent next generation sequencing (NGS) proved that the viral polymerase gene was integrated in the I. ricinus genome. The copy number of the integrated polymerase gene was quantified by qPCR relative to the ITS2 gene and estimated as 1.32 copies per cell. At least three different genetic variants of the integrated polymerase gene were found in the territory of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis of the integrated jingmenvirus polymerase gene showed the highest similarity with the sequence of the correspondent gene obtained in Serbia from I. ricinus.

Genetic diversity of Kemerovo virus and phylogenetic relationships within the Great Island virus genetic group.

Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a member of the Great Island virus genetic group, belonging to the tick-borne arboviruses of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. Nine strains of KEMV, which were isolated from various locations in Russia, were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing to study their intraspecific diversity and the interspecific relationships of viruses within the Great Island genetic group. For the first time, multiple reassortment within KEMV was reliably demonstrated. Different types of independently emerged alternative reading frames in segment 9 and heterogeneity of the viral population in one of the KEMV strains were found. The hypothesis of the role of an alternative open reading frame (ORF) in segment 9 in KEMV cellular tropism was not confirmed in this study.