Detection of Clostridioides difficile in hospital environment by using C diff Banana Broth™.

116 environmental samples from a 504 bed clinical hospital obtained in 2017/19 were inoculated into C diff Banana Broth™. Six C. difficile and 12 C. pefringens strains were isolated. Antibiotic-resistant Clostridium spp. dominated in hospital environment. To determine Clostridium spp. in hospital environment suitable medium like C diff Banana Broth™ should be used.

Candidaemia in polish hospitals - a multicentre survey.

Significant changes in the frequency of candidaemia and the distribution of causative species have been noted worldwide in the last two decades. In this study, we present the results of the first multicentre survey of fungaemia in Polish hospitals. A total of 302 candidaemia episodes in 294 patients were identified in 20 hospitals during a 2-year period. The highest number of infections was found in intensive care (30.8%) and surgical (29.5%) units, followed by haematological (15.9%), 'others' (19.2%) and neonatological (4.6%) units. Candida albicans was isolated from 50.96% of episodes; its prevalence was higher in intensive care unit and neonatology (61.22% and 73.33%, respectively), and significantly lower in haematology (22%; P < 0.001). The frequency of C. krusei and C. tropicalis was significantly higher (24% and 18%) in haematology (P < 0.02); whereas, the distribution of C. glabrata (14.1%) and C. parapsilosis (13.1%) did not possess statistically significant differences between compared departments. Obtained data indicates that species distribution of Candida blood isolates in Polish hospitals reflects worldwide trends, particularly a decrease in the prevalence of infections due to C. albicans.

[Adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella strains isolated from gastrointestinal tracts of children hospitalised in Wroclaw nad Opole]. / Wlasciwosci adhezyjne i lekoopornosc szczepów Klebsiella izolowanych z przewodu pokarmowego dzieci hospitalizowanych we Wroclawiu i w Opolu.

Gram negative Klebsiella bacilli present many pathogenic properties, which determine their ability to survive and rapid spreading in hospital environment. There are many factors responsible for the pathogenicity of Klebsiella strains: capsule, fimbriae, nonfimbrial adhesins, lipopolysaccharide of the cell wall and extracellular secreted exotoxins. Klebsiella strains are etiological agents of different nosocomial infections but also colonized gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The aim of our work were adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella strains isolated from stool of hospitalized children, according to source of potential nosocomial infections--100 Klebsiella strains from Wroclaw and 76 strains from Opole, isolated in cases of diarrhea. The resistance of this strains to different group of antibiotics, the expression of ESBL enzymes, the activity in hemagglutination and their ability to adherence to different cell lines were tested. The highest resistance of all strains to aminopenicillins was observed. The production of ESBL was highest in strains from Opole (51% strains) then in Wroclaw (9%). In both hospital units, ESBL+ strains were resistant to aminoglicosides and cotrimoxazol but sensitive to ciprofloxacine. Using hemagglutination method the types of fimbriae were defined. Above 90% investigated Klebsiella strains showed the presence of fimbriae (in Wroclaw more strains simultaneously expressed fimbriae type 1 and 3, in Opole mainly fimbriae type 3). Over 70% strains demonstrated the high level of adherence to cell lines. Only several strains showed the low level or the lack of adhesion. These results suggested that among Klebsiella strains in gastrointestinal tract were presented multiresistant strains with high ability to adherence, which may be potential source of nosocomial infections.