Development and Evaluation of a New Orthodontic Ligature: Frictional Force Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the friction of different ligature modes used in orthodontics, and to propose a new ligature model for conventional brackets ("H low-friction orthodontic ligature). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were randomly divided into seven experimental groups: (1) resin H ligature (H3D), designed by the authors of this study and produced in a 3D printer, with conventional bracket; (2) metal H ligature (HFM), with conventional bracket; (3) passive self-ligating bracket (SLP); (4) "8" low-friction unconventional elastic (LT8), with conventional bracket; (5) loose conventional metal ligature (MLS), with conventional bracket; (6) conventional metal ligature fully tightened (MLT), with conventional bracket; (7) conventional elastic ligature (CEL), with conventional bracket-control. All samples were subjected to mechanical static friction testing using the EMIC DL 2000 universal testing machine. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: To assess the normality requirement, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, which showed a non-normal distribution for the means of the groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, statistical tests were performed to assess the existence of statistically significant differences between the groups through the Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Dunn's test, pairwise comparison, p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results obtained showed lower friction values for HFM (0.002 kgf), SLP (0.003 kgf), and LT8 (0.004 kgf)-these did not differ statistically from each other. These were followed by H3D (0.020 kgf), MLS (0.049 kgf), CEL (0.12 kgf), and, finally, MLT (0.21 kgf). CONCLUSION: The lowest friction value was found for the metal H ligature, similar to the self-ligating bracket and the "8" low-friction unconventional elastic. The resin H ligature presented intermediate friction values and the highest friction force was found for the MLT group.

Tratamento ortodôntico de paciente portador de síndrome de Treacher Collins ­ relato de caso / Orthodontic treatment of a patient with Treacher Collins syndrome ­ case report

Resumo Este trabalho é uma descrição de um caso clínico de paciente portador de Síndrome de Treacher Collins (STC). O paciente em questão é menor de idade e foi submetido a tratamento ortodôntico interceptivo de má oclusão de classe II, característica da síndrome devido à retrognatia, no Centro de Atenção e Pesquisa em Anomalia Craniofacial (CEAPAC), Cascavel ­ PR. As disostoses faciais são um conjunto de anomalias raras do esqueleto craniofacial, a mais comumente descrita é a STC, que é uma doença rara, sem predisposição por sexo ou raça. Os sintomas e a severidade desta síndrome diferem de indivíduo para indivíduo, mesmo entre membros da mesma família. Suas características comuns são as anormalidades dos pavilhões auriculares, hipoplasia dos ossos da face, obliquidade antimongolóide das fendas palpebrais com coloboma palpebral inferior e fissura palatina e o principal problema anatômico é a hipoplasia do terço médio da face e o hipodesenvolvimento da mandíbula e mento, o que leva o paciente portador desta síndrome apresentar por suas características faciais uma má oclusão de classe II muitas vezes associadas à mordida aberta, além de outros problemas orais como, por exemplo, as patologia das glândulas salivares, respiração bucal e apinhamento dentário. O tratamento ortodôntico intercepetivo do menor, embora após terminado tenha permanecido com má oclusão de classe II, obteve mudanças em parâmetros cefalométricos e faciais do paciente.(AU)

Abstract This work is a description of a clinical case of a patient with Treacher Collins Syndrome (CTS). The patient in question is younger and underwent interceptive orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion, characteristic of the syndrome due to retrognathia, at the Center for Attention and Research in Craniofacial Anomaly (CEAPAC), Cascavel ­ PR. Facial dysostosis is a set of rare anomalies of the craniofacial skeleton, the most commonly described being CTS, it is a rare disease, without predisposition by sex or race. The symptoms and severity of this syndrome differ from individual to individual, even among members of the same family. Its common features are auricular pavilion abnormalities, facial bone hypoplasia, antimongoloid obliquity of the palpebral fissures with lower palpebral coloboma and cleft palate, and the main anatomical problem is hypoplasia of the middle third of the face and hypodevelopment of the mandible and chin, which Due to their facial characteristics, patients with this syndrome have a Class II malocclusion, often associated with an open bite, in addition to other oral problems such as salivary gland pathology, mouth breathing and dental crowding. The minor's interceptive orthodontic treatment, although after it ended, he remained with class II malocclusion, resulted in changes in the patient's cephalometric and facial parameters.(AU)

Auricular acupuncture in TMD - A sham-controlled, randomized, clinical trial.

This study evaluated the effect of auricular acupuncture (AA) on physical (PA) and emotional (EA) aspects of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and compared the effect of AA with those of Sham and occlusal splints (OS). In accordance with the CONSORT guidelines, patients with TMDs were evaluated by axes I and II of the RDC-TMD. The patients were allocated among three groups: OS, Sham and AA; and followed for 8 weeks. Both intragroup and intergroup evaluation for quantitative variables were analyzed with ANOVA, one-way, followed by the Tukey test. Qualitative variables were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (intergroup evaluation) and for intragroup analyses, the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were applied. At the end of the experiment, the chi-squared test was applied to compare the three groups with respect to the number of variables that had shown improved scores. The adopted level of significance for all tests was α = 5%. Intragroup analysis showed that, in the Sham group, no improvement in performance was seen in either EA and significant was improvements in 5 variables for 9 for PA, while in the AA group, significant improvements were observed in 2 variables for EA and in 9 for PA. In the OS group at the end of this study, significant improvements were observed in 8 and 8 variables for EA and PA, respectively. The analysis of therapies used revealed that the number of variables exhibiting significantly improved outcomes after treatment was similar between the AA and OS groups, whereas the sham group showed statistically significant differences when compared with the other two groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that AA applied at a specific TMJ ear point was able to bring about improvements in patients with TMDs, with outcomes similar to those in patients treated with an OS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-69ynnw (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials).

Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process.

Polymeric aesthetic aligners were introduced in orthodontics as an innovative alternative to fixed appliances, however, their compositions and the thermal molding process may influence the biomechanical characteristics of these aligners. In this study four different clear aligner brands were used, ACE 035 Essix, C + Essix, Crystal 0.75 and Crystal 1.0, whose aim was to identify the thermal-processing influence on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of these materials, and to suggest a orthodontic sequence of wear for these appliances to achieve more effective treatment results. For the tensile tests the sample size calculation was based on probability distributions from the F test. The effect size used was 0.3, type 1 error of 0.05. Statistical Yield strength and Young's Modulus results were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The groups were compared using the parametric test of analysis of variance, with Tukey post-test. Differences were statistically considered at the p < 0.05. The Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed no changes in the samples' chemical structure after thermal-processing. However, in the polypropylene aligner, differences were verified in the region attributed to the crystalline phase. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis for the same sample showed a crystallinity fraction decrease due to relaxation between polymer chains after molding. In the tensile tests evaluated, the tensile strength and 'Young's modulus presented higher values for aligners containing 100% polyethylene terephthalate glycol. Performing an analogy exercise of the properties of orthodontic wires used in conventional fixed appliances and, relating them to orthodontic plastics, aligners composed of different materials and/or thicknesses could be used in increasing sequence in terms of the modulus of elasticity, starting with C+, which has a lower elastic modulus value, using the ACE 035 as an intermediate and finishing with the Crystal 0.75 and 1.0, providing the desired stiffness to the aligners for the final phase.

Tratamento ortodôntico em paciente com queimadura facial ­ relato de caso / Orthodontic treatment in patient with facial burn injury ­ case report

Resumo Inúmeras variáveis são consideradas em uma oclusão normal, uma delas é a homeostasia da musculatura facial e sua harmonia com os ossos e dentes. Diversos fatores podem levar a alterações na funcionalidade muscular. Um exemplo é a queimadura facial, na qual é comum a formação de cicatrizes hipertróficas que provocam disfunção nas estruturas musculares e impactam no crescimento facial e no desenvolvimento da dentição. Paciente K.R.S, sexo feminino, 15 anos, procurou tratamento no Centro de Atenção e Pesquisa de Anomalias Craniofaciais (CEAPAC) com queixa de "dentes tortos". Durante anamnese relatou que quando criança sofreu um acidente doméstico que acarretou queimaduras na face e parte do corpo. A paciente era portadora de má oclusão de Classe I de Angle e lingualização dos incisivos superiores e inferiores. Observou-se atresia das arcadas dentárias e apinhamento moderado. Realizou-se a expansão rápida da maxila e expansão dentária inferior com a placa lábio ativa, seguida de alinhamento e nivelamento dos dentes com aparelho fixo. Na fase de contenção utilizaram-se placas de Hawley (superior e inferior), além de uma contenção fixa inferior. Os tratamentos de expansão das arcadas e alinhamento se mostraram viáveis e previsíveis. Entretanto a estabilidade tem prognóstico duvidoso, o que levou os autores a indicarem o uso das contenções por tempo indeterminado.(AU)

Abstract Numerous variables are considered in a normal occlusion, one of those is the homeostasis of the facial musculature and its harmony with bones and teeth. Several factors can lead to change in muscle functionality. An example is the facial burn injury in which it is common formation of hypertrophic scars that cause muscle structures dysfunction and impact on facial growth and dentition development. Patient K.R.S, 15-years-old, female, sought treatment at the Center for Attention and Research of Craniofacial Anomalies (CEAPAC) complaining of "crooked teeth". She reported during anamnesis that when she was a child, she suffered a domestic accident which caused facial, and body burn injury. The patient had Angle Class I malocclusion and upper and lower incisor lingualization. Dental arch atresia and moderate crowding were observed. Rapid maxillary expansion and lower dental expansion were performed with the lip bumper, followed by teeth alignment and leveling with a fixed appliance. In the retainment phase, Hawley plates (upper and lower) were used in addition to a fixed lower retainer. The treatment of arch expansion and alignment proved to be viable and predictable, however, the stability has a dubious prognosis, which led the authors to indicate the use of retainers indefinitely. (AU)

Aged Translucent Aesthetic Zirconia: Bond Strength Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the bond strength of two compositions of aesthetic translucent zirconia (TZ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this evaluation, test specimens were prepared from ICE Zirkon TZ and Prettau Anterior zirconia (PAZ) that were stored in distilled water at 37°C for two time periods: T1 (24 h) and T2 (90 days) to simulate aging. Two factors were evaluated for the samples-ceramic and aging time. The samples were subjected to tests of microshear strength and fracture type and were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The results were analyzed using the D'Agostino test, analysis of variance, and Tukey's test (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were observed for ceramic type and aging time. CONCLUSION: The results showed that PAZ provides significantly superior performance to TZ at the two aging times evaluated.

Effects of low-power laser auriculotherapy on the physical and emotional aspects in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of low-power laser auriculotherapy (LA) on the physical and emotional symptoms of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), in comparison with occlusal splints (OS). DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, prospective, non-inferiority clinical trial. INTERVENTIONS: The patients received OS (control group) or LA (experimental group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, patients with TMD were evaluated by using axes I and II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for RDC-TMD. Both intra- and intergroup quantitative variables were analyzed with ANOVA (p < 0.05), while qualitative variables were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis (intergroup evaluations; p < 0.05) or Mann-Whitney tests (intragroup analyses; p < 0.05). RESULTS: OS improved five physical symptoms of TMD (pain in the right temporal muscle, right and left masseter muscles, left joint, and left intraoral region), while LA improved six (jaw functioning; pain in left masseter muscle, right and left joints, and right and left intraoral regions). Similarly, OS improved seven emotional symptoms (degree of depression, degree of non-specific physical symptoms, excluding pain, degree of non-specific physical symptoms including pain, average pain value in the past 6 months, presence of depression, intensity and characteristics of pain, non-specific physical symptoms including pain), while LA improved five (degree of non-specific physical symptoms including pain, presence of depression, intensity and characteristics of pain, non-specific physical symptoms including pain, non-specific physical symptoms excluding pain). CONCLUSION: LA improved the physical and emotional symptoms of TMD, with results similar to OS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For the physical and emotional symptoms associated with TMD, LA showed similar outcomes as OS.

Bond strength and marginal microleakage in restorations photopolymerized with LED and halogen light associated with three application modes of a universal adhesive system: in vitro study / Resistência de união e da microinfiltração marginal em restaurações fotopolimerizadas com LED e luz halógena associadas a três modos de aplicação de um sistema adesivo universal: estudo in vitro

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to assess the bond strength and marginal microleakage in composite resin restorations, using the Single Bond Universal adhesive system associated with Ultralux (halogen) and Bluephase (LED) light curing units. Methods: For bond strength, 80 healthy human third molars were divided into halogen light (n=40) and LED (n=40), and subdivided according to the following application techniques for the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse (enamel), self-etching (enamel), etch-and-rinse (dentin), and self-etching (dentin). The teeth were subjected to the microtensile test and the fracture pattern was observed under an optical microscope at 40X magnification; they were analyzed by ANOVA, and Fisher and Tukey's tests (5%). For the marginal microleakage test, 120 class II cavities were prepared in 60 healthy human third molars that were randomly divided into halogen light (n=30) and LED (n=30), and subdivided according to the following application techniques for the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse, selective etching, and self-etching. The teeth were thermocycled 2000 times (±5/55°C), stained in 5% basic fuchsin and sectioned for qualitative and quantitative assessments; they were analyzed by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn tests (5%). Results: For the bond strength of enamel and dentin, the adhesive application with prior acid etching was better than self-etching (p<0.0001), regardless of the type of light curing unit (p<0.05). Etch-and-rinse showed the lowest microleakage values (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Etch-and-rinse obtained the best results relative to the other application techniques for the adhesive system in both tests, regardless of the type of light curing unit.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a resistência de união e microinfiltração marginal em restaurações de resina composta, utilizando sistema adesivo Single Bond Universal associado com fotoativadores Ultralux (halógeno) e Bluephase (LED). Métodos: Para resistência de união, oitenta terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram divididos: Halógena (n=40); LED (n=40), sendo subdivididos de acordo com a técnica de aplicação do sistema adesivo: condicionamento total-esmalte; autocondicionante-esmalte; condicionamento total-dentina; autocondicionante-dentina. Os dentes foram submetidos ao teste de microtração e o padrão de fratura foi observado em microscópio ótico - 40X de aumento, analisadas pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey e Fisher (5%). Para o ensaio de microinfiltração marginal, 120 cavidades classe II foram preparadas em sessenta terceiros molares humanos hígidos, aleatoriamente divididos: Halógena (n=30); LED (n=30) e subdivididos de acordo com a técnica de aplicação do sistema adesivo: condicionamento total; condicionamento seletivo; autocondicionante. Os dentes foram termociclados 2000 vezes (±5/55ºC), corados em fucsina básica 5% e seccionados para avaliações qualitativa e quantitativa, analisados pelos testes Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn (5%). Resultados: Para resistência de união em esmalte e dentina, a aplicação do adesivo com condicionamento ácido prévio, foi melhor que o autocondicionante (p<0.0001), independentemente do tipo de fotoativador utilizado (p<0.05). O condicionamento total mostrou os menores valores de microinfiltração, (p<0.0001). Conclusão: O condicionamento total, obteve os melhores resultados em relação às outras técnicas de aplicação do sistema adesivo em ambos os testes, independentemente do tipo de aparelho fotoativador.

Discrepância de Bolton nas diferentes más oclusões e influência dos protocolos de extração / Bolton index in different malocclusions and extraction protocols influence

A obtenção de uma oclusão funcionalmente equilibrada é uma meta perseguida pelos ortodontistas, e um dos pré-requisitos para isso é a existência de proporcionalidade entre os tamanhos mésio-distais dos dentes superiores e inferiores. Com a intenção de localizar o excesso de massa dentária e dirigir a conduta clínica, a análise de Bolton estabelece proporções ideais para regiões anterior e total do arco dentário, evidenciando as discrepâncias. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a discrepância de Bolton entre as diferentes más oclusões sagitais e entre diferentes protocolos de extração de quatro pré-molares, avaliando a tendência de se promover discrepância de Bolton nos diferentes protocolos de extração específicos para a camuflagem das más oclusões. Em modelos de estudo de 86 pacientes, com média etária de 18,6 anos, sendo que 31 destes eram portadores de má oclusão de Classe I, 29 pacientes de Classe II e 26 de Classe III, mediu-se as discrepâncias de Bolton com a utilização de paquímetro. Comparou-se as médias dos diâmetros mésio-distais e suas proporções entre grupos de más oclusões, protocolos de extração e protocolos específicos para camuflagem, através da análise de variância. Não ocorreram diferenças estatísticas para discrepância anterior e total entre os grupos de más oclusões avaliados e entre os grupos de protocolos de extração. Com relação aos protocolos de extração para camuflagem, os pacientes Classe III tenderam a apresentar maior discrepância de Bolton às outras más oclusões. É válido considerar esses aspectos durante o plano de tratamento ortodôntico para que a finalização do mesmo não seja dificultada. (AU)

Obtaining a static and functionally balanced occlusion is a goal pursued by orthodontists, and one of pre requirements to it is the existence of proportionality between the mesial-distal sizes of upper and lower teeth. In order to locate the excess dental mass and direct clinical management, the Bolton analysis establishes ideal proportions for both anterior and total arch, highlighting the discrepancies. The objectives of this study were to compare the Bolton discrepancy between the malocclusions and between four premolars extraction protocols, and evaluate the tendency to promote Bolton discrepancy in different specific extraction protocols for camouflage of malocclusions. In plaster models of 86 patients, with a mean age of 18.6 years old, which 31 were suffering from malocclusion of Class I, 29 with Class II and 26 with Class III, it was measured Bolton discrepancies with the use of paquimeter. It was compared the mean values of mesiodistal diameters and their proportions between groups of malocclusion, extraction protocols, and specific protocols for camouflage, through the variance analysis. There were no statistical differences for anterior and total tooth size discrepancy between malocclusion groups and extraction protocols groups. Regarding the extraction protocols for camouflage, patients with Class III tended to show more Bolton discrepancy than other malocclusions. It is worth considering these aspects during orthodontic treatment plan for thereof completion won't be hampered.(AU)

Influência da solução de irrigação sobre a resistência adesiva de um cimento resinoso de dupla polimerização / Influence of solution of irrigation on the resistance of and adhesive resin cement double polymerization

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de diferentes soluções de irrigação cavitária sobre a resistência de união de um cimento resinoso de dupla polimerização. Material e Método: A partir de incisivos bovinos, foram obtidos 4 grupos (n=15), divididos aleatoriamente de acordo com a solução irrigadora empregada na limpeza cavitária, sendo: G0 - soro fisiológico + condicionamento ácido; G1 ­ EDTA + condicionamento ácido; G2 - Clorexidina 2% + condicionamento ácido + clorexidina 2% e G3 - soro fisiológico + condicionamento ácido + clorexidina 2%. Foram confeccionados cilindros de cimento resinoso para cada coroa, utilizando-se uma matriz de Tygon com diâmetro interno de 1 mm e altura de 2 mm. O teste de resistência adesiva por microcisalhamento foi realizado após 3 meses de armazenamento dos espécimes em soro fisiológico a 37ºC. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskall-Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn (p<0,05). Resultados: Os grupos G0, G1 e G3 não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si (p>0,05). Os menores valores foram observados no grupo G2 (p<0,05). Conclusões: As soluções irrigadoras EDTA e soro fisiológico utilizadas previamente ao condicionamento ácido da dentina não interferiram, significativamente, na resistência de união, porém, a solução de clorexidina utilizada após o condicionamento ácido influenciou negativamente nos valores de resistência de união.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different cavity irrigation solutions on the bond strength of a dual-curing resin cement. Methods: From bovine incisors, 4 groups (n=15), were randomly divided according to the irrigating solution for cavity cleaning: G0 ­ saline + acid etching; G1 ­ EDTA + acid etching; G2: Chlorhexidine 2% + acid etching + Chlorhexidine 2%; and G3 ­ Saline + acid etching + Chlorhexidine 2%. Resin cement cylinders were made for each crown, using a Tygon matrix with internal diameter of 1 mm and height of 2 mm. The specimens were stored for 3 months at 37oC, and then subjected to microshear tests. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn (p<0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between G0, G1 and G3 groups (p>0.05). The lowest values were observed in G2 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The irrigation solutions EDTA and saline used before to the acid etching of dentin did not interfere, significantly, in the bond strength, however, the solution of chlorhexidine used after the acid etching influenced negatively.

Peri-implant evaluation of osseointegrated implants subjected to orthodontic forces: results after three years of functional loading.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically assess the peri-implant conditions of implants used as orthodontic anchorage. METHODS: Two groups were studied: 1) a test group in which osseointegrated implants were used as orthodontic anchorage, with the application of 200-cN force; and 2) a control group in which implants were not subjected to orthodontic force, but supported a screw-retained prosthesis. Clinical evaluations were performed three, six and nine months after prosthesis installation and 1- and 3-year follow-up examinations. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained 30 days after surgical implant placement, at the time of prosthesis installation, and one, two and three years thereafter. The results were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical probing depth (p = 0.1078) or mesial and distal crestal bone resorption (p = 0.1832) during the study period. After three years of follow-up, the mean probing depth was 2.21 mm for the control group and 2.39 mm for the test group. The implants of the control group showed a mean distance between the bone crest and implant shoulder of 2.39 mm, whereas the implants used as orthodontic anchorage showed a mean distance of 2.58 mm at the distal site. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the use of stable intraoral orthodontic anchorage did not compromise the health of peri-implant tissues or the longevity of the implant.

Peri-implant evaluation of osseointegrated implants subjected to orthodontic forces: results after three years of functional loading

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to clinically and radiographically assess the peri-implant conditions of implants used as orthodontic anchorage. Methods: Two groups were studied: 1) a test group in which osseointegrated implants were used as orthodontic anchorage, with the application of 200-cN force; and 2) a control group in which implants were not subjected to orthodontic force, but supported a screw-retained prosthesis. Clinical evaluations were performed three, six and nine months after prosthesis installation and 1- and 3-year follow-up examinations. Intraoral periapical radiographs were obtained 30 days after surgical implant placement, at the time of prosthesis installation, and one, two and three years thereafter. The results were compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical probing depth (p = 0.1078) or mesial and distal crestal bone resorption (p = 0.1832) during the study period. After three years of follow-up, the mean probing depth was 2.21 mm for the control group and 2.39 mm for the test group. The implants of the control group showed a mean distance between the bone crest and implant shoulder of 2.39 mm, whereas the implants used as orthodontic anchorage showed a mean distance of 2.58 mm at the distal site. Conclusion: Results suggest that the use of stable intraoral orthodontic anchorage did not compromise the health of peri-implant tissues or the longevity of the implant.

RESUMO Introdução: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, clínica e radiograficamente, as condições peri-implantares de implantes usados como ancoragem ortodôntica. Métodos: dois grupos foram estudados: 1) Grupo Teste - no qual os implantes osseointegráveis foram utilizados como ancoragem ortodôntica, com aplicação de uma força de 200cN; e 2) Grupo Controle - no qual os implantes não foram submetidos à ancoragem ortodôntica, apenas serviram de suporte para fixação de prótese implantossuportada. Avaliações clínicas foram realizadas aos 3, 6 e 9 meses após a instalação das próteses, e após 1 e 3 anos de acompanhamento. Radiografias periapicais intrabucais foram obtidas 30 dias após a colocação do implante, no momento da instalação da prótese e após 1, 2 e 3 anos de acompanhamento. Os resultados foram comparados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: não houve diferenças quanto à profundidade clínica de sondagem (p = 0,1078) e a reabsorção das cristas ósseas mesial e distal (p = 0,1832) durante o período avaliado. Após três anos de acompanhamento, a média de profundidade de sondagem foi de 2,21mm para o Grupo Controle e de 2,39mm para o Grupo Teste. Os implantes do Grupo Controle apresentaram distância média de 2.39mm entre a crista óssea e o ombro do implante, enquanto os implantes usados como ancoragem ortodôntica mostraram distância média de 2,58mm na distal. Conclusão: esses resultados sugerem que o uso de uma ancoragem intrabucal estável não compromete a saúde dos tecidos peri-implantares ou a longevidade do implante.

Tratamento interceptivo do apinhamento dentário por meio da expansão maxilar em leque e PLA / Interceptive treatment of thooth crowding performed by means of fan-type and lip bumper maxillary expansion appliance

Os procedimentos ortodônticos preventivos e interceptadores são abordagens de tratamento relativamente simples e de baixo custo, que têm como objetivo a correção das más oclusões em desenvolvimento, durante a dentição mista. A literatura mostra que, aproximadamente, metade das crianças apresentam apinhamento dentário, sendo, dessa forma, um problema preponderante de má oclusão entre essas. O expansor em leque ou borboleta, acompanhado da placa labioativa (PLA), podem ser utilizados nos casos de estreitamento das arcadas dentárias, favorecendo a obtenção de espaço para os incisivos. / Objetivo / O objetivo desse trabalho é, por meio de um relato de caso clínico, discutir o tratamento da discrepância de modelos na dentição mista, por meio da expansão das arcadas dentárias superior e inferior. / Métodos / Foram realizadas expansão esquelética e dentária, utilizando-se, respectivamente, o expansor em leque e a PLA. / Resultados / Os principais objetivos propostos foram alcançados ao final do tratamento, sendo mantidos no período de proservação (início da dentição permanente). / Conclusões / Tendo sua indicação respeitada, a associação do expansor em leque e PLA constitui um método efetivo para o tratamento do apinhamento dentário superior e inferior na fase de dentição mista.

Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n=5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1--control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2--ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6--dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma.

Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1 - control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2 - ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 - dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar as alterações histológicas ocorridas na área periodontal de molares de ratos submetidos à movimentação dentária induzida (MDI), logo após um trauma intencional (subluxação). MÉTODOS: quarenta ratos Wistar machos adultos (Rattus norvegicus albinus) foram selecionados. Os animais foram divididos em oito grupos (n = 5), de acordo com a combinação das variáveis: Grupo 1 - controle (sem trauma e sem MDI); Grupo 2 - MDI; Grupos 3, 4, 5 e 6 - grupos de trauma dentoalveolar correspondendo, respectivamente, para 1, 3, 8 e 10 dias após o trauma; Grupos 7 e 8 - os molares murinos foram submetidos a um impacto de 900cN e, de um e três dias após o evento trauma, o movimento do dente foi induzido. Os primeiros molares superiores dos animais foram movidos mesialmente durante sete dias, com uma mola fechada (50cN). Após período experimental de cada grupo, os animais foram sacrificados por overdose anestésica e as maxilas direitas foram removidas e processadas para análise histológica qualitativa. RESULTADOS: nos animais dos grupos 3, 4, 5 e 6, as alterações histológicas não foram muito significativas. Consequentemente, o efeito do movimento dentário induzido logo após um evento de subluxação (grupos 7 e 8) foi muito semelhante ao descrito para o grupo 2. CONCLUSÃO: não houve diferença na qualidade do reparo periodontal quando a MDI foi aplicada aos dentes que sofreram um trauma de subluxação. .

Avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes colados com diferentes resinas ortodônticas / Evaluation of shear bond strenht of brackets bonded with different orthodontic resins

Objetivo: avaliar comparativamente a resistência de união adesiva e o índice de adesivo remanescente (ARI) da interface resina/braquete sob esforços de cisalhamento empregando duas marcas comerciais de resina Transbond 3M (sistema convencional) e Orthocem FGM (adesivo/resina em um único frasco). Métodos: quarenta corpos de prova foram confeccionados utilizando-se incisivos bovinos, divididos em dois grupos de 20 dentes. Foram realizados os procedimentos usuais de uma colagem: profilaxia, condicionamento ácido e colagem dos braquetes em seus respectivos grupos. Os braquetes colados aos dentes foram removidos utilizando-se uma máquina universal de ensaios, com velocidade de 0,5mm por minuto, para avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento, e classificados de acordo com os escores do ARI. Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre grupos para a comparação das variáveis resistência de união adesiva e índice de remanescente adesivo. Conclusão: dentro das condições desse estudo, pode-se afirmar que os materiais testados satisfizeram plenamente os requisitos laboratoriais para colagem de braquetes.

Avaliação periodontal e de adaptabilidade após utilização de dois modelos de contenção ortodôntica fixa / Evaluation of the periodontium and of the adaptability after using two models of fixed orthodontic retainers

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar dois tipos de contenções ortodônticas fixas correntemente usadas na clínica ortodôntica. As contenções avaliadas foram a contenção convencional (reta) e a contenção modificada (com livre acesso do fio dental). Essas contenções foram comparadas em relação ao acúmulo de placa e à ocorrência de inflamação gengival. Também foram avaliados o conforto e a adaptabilidade do paciente quanto ao uso das mesmas. Para tanto, foram selecionados 19 voluntários que haviam concluído o tratamento ortodôntico e, portanto, apresentavam bom alinhamento dos dentes anteriores inferiores, bem como ausência de doença periodontal. Após as orientações de higiene, as contenções avaliadas nesse estudo foram coladas nos dentes, sendo que uma metade da contenção tinha o desenho convencional e a outra metade, o desenho da contenção higiênica. Nos períodos de três e seis meses de uso dessas contenções, os pacientes preencheram um questionário para avaliar-se a adaptação e o conforto delas, a facilidade de higienização e qual desenho de contenção favoreceu um maior acúmulo de alimentos. Nesses períodos, foram aferidos os parâmetros clínicos periodontais dos sítios próximos às respectivas contenções. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa — para o índice de placa e para o sangramento gengival nos períodos de três e seis meses — entre os grupos de contenção convencional e modificada. Os pacientes se adaptaram melhor ao uso da contenção convencional. Quanto à higienização, a contenção modificada foi a escolhida, sendo que grande diferença foi notada durante a higienização com o fio dental.

Knowledge on dental trauma and orthodontic tooth movement held by a group of orthodontists.

The objective of this work was to assess the knowledge about orthodontic tooth movement and dental trauma held by a group of orthodontists in specific areas of Brazil. For this purpose, 166 questionnaires with 15 objective questions about this subject were distributed. One hundred and five questionnaires were properly filled and collected after 30 days. It was concluded that, except for avulsion, the knowledge on dental injuries held by the professionals interviewed was considered unsatisfactory, and about 40% of them were not acquainted with the recommendations for the orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth.

Knowledge on dental trauma and orthodontic tooth movement held by a group of orthodontists

The objective of this work was to assess the knowledge about orthodontic tooth movement and dental trauma held by a group of orthodontists in specific areas of Brazil. For this purpose, 166 questionnaires with 15 objective questions about this subject were distributed. One hundred and five questionnaires were properly filled and collected after 30 days. It was concluded that, except for avulsion, the knowledge on dental injuries held by the professionals interviewed was considered unsatisfactory, and about 40 percent of them were not acquainted with the recommendations for the orthodontic movement of traumatized teeth.

Compensatory canine angulation in angle Class II and III patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurence of compensation in mesiodistal axial inclinations of canines in skeletal malocclusions patients. The sample consisted of 25 Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion (group 1) and 19 Angle Class III malocclusion patients (group 2). After measurement of dental angulations through a method that associates plaster model photography and AutoCad software, comparisons between the groups were performed by T-test for independent samples. Results showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups, when maxillary canine angulations were compared. Regarding the mandibular canines, there was a statistically significant difference in dental angulation, expressed by 3.2 degrees for group 1 and 0.15 degrees for group 2. An upright position tendency for mandibular canines was observed in the Angle Class III sample. This configures a pattern of compensatory coronary positioning, since the angulation of these teeth makes them occupy less space in the dental arch and consequently mandibular incisors can be in a more retracted position in the sagittal plane.