ABSTRACT
Quantum cascade detectors (QCDs) are devices operating at zero external bias with a low dark-current. They show linear detection and high saturation intensities, making them suitable candidates for heterodyne detection in long-wave infrared (LWIR) free space optical communication systems. We present an approach to mitigate the performance limitation at long wavelengths, by a comparison of similar single and multi-period QCDs for optimizing their responsivity and noise behaviour. Our InGaAs/InAlAs/InP ridge QCDs are designed for operation at λ = 9.124 µm. Optical waveguide simulations support the accurate optical characterization. A detailed device analysis reveals room-temperature responsivities of 111 mA/W for the 15-period and 411 mA/W for the single-period device.
ABSTRACT
Optical second-harmonic generation from gold nanoparticles is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The contribution of octupoles is reported for the first time in the second-harmonic emission pattern, by using an harmonic polarization in the scattering plane. The experimental results presented here for particle sizes up to 100 nm are in excellent agreement with finite element method simulations involving the normal surface term only in the nonlinear polarization source. In addition, analytical calculations based on nonlinear Mie scattering theory clearly evidence the constructive and destructive interferences occurring between the dipolar and octupolar responses selected with this polarization configuration.