Accuracy of five different 3D printing workflows for dental models comparing industrial and dental desktop printers.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, in terms of trueness and precision, of printed models using five different industrial and dental desktop 3D printers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full-arch digital models with scanbodies of 15 patients were printed with five different 3D printers. The industrial printers were 3D system Project MJP2500 (3DS) and Objet30 OrthoDesk (Obj). The dental desktop printers were NextDent 5100 (ND), Formlabs Form 2 (FL) and Rapidshape D30 (RS). A total of 225 printed models were analysed. The printed models were digitized and compared with the reference cast model using the Control X software (Geomagic). The descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The one-way ANOVA for the trueness and precision of the printed model presented the best results for the 3DS, followed by ND, Obj, FL and RS (P < 0.01). In the scanbody zone, the best results were for the 3DS group, followed by Obj, ND, FL and RS (P < 0.01). Comparing the technologies, the Multijet technology used in industrial printers presented better results than the DLP and SLA technologies used in dental desktop printers (P > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant differences in terms of the accuracy of the printed models, with better results for the industrial than the dental desktop 3D printers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The industrial 3D printers used in dental laboratories presented better accuracy than the in-office dental desktop 3D printers, and this should be considered when the best accuracy is needed to perform final prosthetic restorations.

Severe COVID-19 during Pregnancy and Possible Vertical Transmission.

There are few cases of pregnant women with novel corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) in the literature, most of them with a mild illness course. There is limited evidence about in utero infection and early positive neonatal testing. A 41-year-old G3P2 with a history of previous cesarean deliveries and diabetes mellitus presented with a 4-day history of malaise, low-grade fever, and progressive shortness of breath. A nasopharyngeal swab was positive for COVID-19, COVID-19 serology was negative. The patient developed respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation on day 5 of disease onset. The patient underwent a cesarean delivery, and neonatal isolation was implemented immediately after birth, without delayed cord clamping or skin-to-skin contact. The neonatal nasopharyngeal swab, 16 hours after delivery, was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunoglobulin (Ig)-M and IgG for SARS-CoV-2 were negative. Maternal IgM and IgG were positive on postpartum day 4 (day 9 after symptom onset). We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 during pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the earliest reported positive PCR in the neonate, raising the concern for vertical transmission. We suggest pregnant women should be considered as a high-risk group and minimize exposures for these reasons. KEY POINTS: · We report a severe presentation of COVID-19 in pregnancy requiring invasive ventilatory support.. · This is a case of positive RT-PCR in first day of life, suggesting possible vertical transmission.. · There were no detectable maternal antibodies for COVID-19 until after delivery..

Papel de la reserva cognitiva en la recuperación cognitiva de pacientes que han sufrido una adicción grave a sustancias / The role of the cognitive reserve in the cognitive recovery of patients who have suffered a severe addiction to substances

Introducción: La reserva cognitiva resulta ser una variable de pronóstico en la recuperación cognitiva tras un daño cerebral. Pocos estudios han abordado su papel en el estado cognitivo tras un período sostenido de adicción a sustancias. Objetivo: Analizar el papel modulador de la reserva cognitiva sobre la relación entre el tiempo de abstinencia y el estado cognitivo de los pacientes con adicción grave a sustancias. Pacientes y métodos: Se valora a un total de 26 pacientes en recuperación tras una adicción grave a sustancias con un protocolo de evaluación neuropsicológica y cuestionarios de reserva cognitiva. Se emplea el análisis factorial exploratorio para conformar las variables y el análisis de regresión lineal para ver las relaciones predictivas. Resultados: Se obtienen tres factores de funcionamiento cognitivo: integridad de procesamiento, control inhibitorio y memoria verbal, así como un factor global de reserva. En los modelos de regresión, sólo se encuentran relaciones predictivas en un modelo de relación directa entre la abstinencia y la memoria verbal, y en un modelo de relación independiente entre la reserva cognitiva y el tiempo de abstinencia con la memoria verbal, pero no en la relación de modulación, ni en otras relaciones en el resto de los factores. Conclusión: Se debate el papel de la reserva cognitiva como mediadora en el estado cognitivo en los pacientes en período de abstinencia tras una adicción grave a sustancias: muestra una relación con la memoria, pero no una modulación del papel del tiempo de abstinencia sobre ese estado cognitivo

Introduction: Cognitive reserve has been shown to be a prognostic variable in cognitive recovery after brain damage. Few studies have addressed its role in the cognitive status after a sustained period of substance addiction. Aim: To analyse the modulating role of cognitive reserve in the relation between withdrawal time and the cognitive status of patients with severe substance addiction. Patients and methods: A total of 26 patients recovering from severe substance addiction were assessed using a neuropsychological assessment protocol and cognitive reserve questionnaires. Exploratory factor analysis is used to define the variables and linear regression analysis is employed to view the predictive relations. Results: Three cognitive functioning factors are obtained: processing integrity, inhibitory control and verbal memory, as well as an overall reserve factor. In the regression models, predictive relations are found only in a model of a direct relation between withdrawal and verbal memory, and in a model of an independent relation between cognitive reserve and withdrawal time and verbal memory, but not in the modulation relationship or in other relations in the rest of the factors. Conclusion: The article discusses the role of the cognitive reserve as a mediator in the cognitive status of patients in a period of withdrawal after a serious addiction to substances. A relationship with memory is shown, but no modulation of the role of withdrawal time on that cognitive status is detected

Suicide by gunshot at the back of the head with a muzzle-loading shooting revolver and homemade ammunition.

The present case concerns a 29 years-old male with a history of mental disorder, who committed suicide by gunshot at the posterior midline of the head. This location is very rare in suicide cases. The weapon used is the replica of a muzzle-loading Remington Revolver with homemade ammunition prepared with easily available materials such as lead fishing weights, percussion primers, and black powder from firecrackers.

Environmental Enrichment Modified Epigenetic Mechanisms in SAMP8 Mouse Hippocampus by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammaging and Achieving Neuroprotection.

With the increase in life expectancy, aging and age-related cognitive impairments are becoming one of the most important issues for human health. At the same time, it has been shown that epigenetic mechanisms are emerging as universally important factors in life expectancy. The Senescence Accelerated Mouse P8 (SAMP8) strain exhibits age-related deterioration evidenced in learning and memory abilities and is a useful model of neurodegenerative disease. In SAMP8, Environmental Enrichment (EE) increased DNA-methylation levels (5-mC) and reduced hydroxymethylation levels (5-hmC), as well as increased histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels. Likewise, we found changes in the hippocampal gene expression of some chromatin-modifying enzyme genes, such as Dnmt3b. Hdac1. Hdac2. Sirt2, and Sirt6. Subsequently, we assessed the effects of EE on neuroprotection-related transcription factors, such as the Nuclear regulatory factor 2 (Nrf2)-Antioxidant Response Element pathway and Nuclear Factor kappa Beta (NF-κB), which play critical roles in inflammation. We found that EE produces an increased expression of antioxidant genes, such as Hmox1. Aox1, and Cox2, and reduced the expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-6 and Cxcl10, all of this within the epigenetic context modified by EE. In conclusion, EE prevents epigenetic changes that promote or drive oxidative stress and inflammaging.

Environmental Enrichment Improves Behavior, Cognition, and Brain Functional Markers in Young Senescence-Accelerated Prone Mice (SAMP8).

The environment in which organisms live can greatly influence their development. Consequently, environmental enrichment (EE) is progressively recognized as an important component in the improvement of brain function and development. It has been demonstrated that rodents raised under EE conditions exhibit favorable neuroanatomical effects that improve their learning, spatial memory, and behavioral performance. Here, by using senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) and these as a model of adverse genetic conditions for brain development, we determined the effect of EE by raising these mice during early life under favorable conditions. We found a better generalized performance of SAMP8 under EE in the results of four behavioral and learning tests. In addition, we demonstrated broad molecular correlation in the hippocampus by an increase in NeuN and Ki67 expression, as well as an increase in the expression of neurotrophic factors, such as pleiotrophin (PTN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with a parallel decrease in neurodegenerative markers such as GSK3, amyloid-beta precursor protein, and phosphorylated beta-catenin, and a reduction of SBDP120, Bax, GFAP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), resulting in a neuroprotective panorama. Globally, it can be concluded that EE applied to SAMP8 at young ages resulted in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that give rise to significant beneficial effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels during brain development, particularly in the hippocampus.

Surfing transcriptomic landscapes. A step beyond the annotation of chromosome 16 proteome.

The Spanish team of the Human Proteome Project (SpHPP) marked the annotation of Chr16 and data analysis as one of its priorities. Precise annotation of Chromosome 16 proteins according to C-HPP criteria is presented. Moreover, Human Body Map 2.0 RNA-Seq and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data sets were used to obtain further information relative to cell/tissue specific chromosome 16 coding gene expression patterns and to infer the presence of missing proteins. Twenty-four shotgun 2D-LC-MS/MS and gel/LC-MS/MS MIAPE compliant experiments, representing 41% coverage of chromosome 16 proteins, were performed. Furthermore, mapping of large-scale multicenter mass spectrometry data sets from CCD18, MCF7, Jurkat, and Ramos cell lines into RNA-Seq data allowed further insights relative to correlation of chromosome 16 transcripts and proteins. Detection and quantification of chromosome 16 proteins in biological matrices by SRM procedures are also primary goals of the SpHPP. Two strategies were undertaken: one focused on known proteins, taking advantage of MS data already available, and the second, aimed at the detection of the missing proteins, is based on the expression of recombinant proteins to gather MS information and optimize SRM methods that will be used in real biological samples. SRM methods for 49 known proteins and for recombinant forms of 24 missing proteins are reported in this study.

Optical waveguides from 4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-based supramolecular structures.

Ribbon-like supramolecular structures prepared by the organized aggregation of 4-aryl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles act as optical waveguides that propagate photoluminescence.

Prevalencia y correlaciones de trastornos de ansiedad generalizada: depresivo mayor y de pánico en pacientes asmáticos adultos según grado de severidad / Prevalence and correlations of generalized anxiety disorder, major depresive disorder and panic disorder on asmathic adult patients according to severity ranges

Objetivos: comparar la prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad generalizada, depresivo mayor y de pánico en pacientes adultos (> 18 años) asmáticos severos-moderados contra pacientes adultos asmáticos leves-intermitentes. Método: se estudiaron a 80 personas, 40 casos y 40 controles, apareados por edad y sexo. Se definió como caso a aquellos pacientes clasificados como asma moderada o severa, y como controles a aquellos pacientes clasificados com asma leve o intermitente, según los grados de severidad de asma. Se aplicó a cada paciente una entrevista que consta de cinco secciones para evaluar: datos demográficos, criterios de severidad de asma, diagnóstico de trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM), ataque y trastorno de pánico (TP) y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG). Resultados: Se encontró que un 35 por ciento de los casos tiene algún tipo de los trastornos mentales estudiados contra un 15 por ciento de los controles, siendo estadísticamente significativo (p<0.05). En los casos se encontró un 27,5 por ciento de TAG contra un 15 por ciento en los controles, no fue estadísticamente significativo. Se observó que un 17.5 por ciento de los casos tenían trastorno depresivo mayor, en tanto que los controles tenían un 7,5 por ciento, el tamaño muestral no fue suficiente para poder encontrar asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables depresivo y grado de severidad de asma. El 100 por ciento para poder encontrar asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables depresión y grado de severidad de asma. El 100 por ciento de los que tenían Trastorno de Pánico eran asmáticos moderados-severos, lo cual fue estadísticamente significativo: Chi cuadrado = 4.2 (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Encontramos una tendencia de una probable asociación entre trastornos mentales y grado de severidad de asma, particularmente con trastorno depresivo mayor y trastorno de pánico.