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Objective: To determine levels of burnout among surgical area nurses in Andalusia (Spain), to identify the phase of burnout in each participant and to consider its relationship with sociodemographic, occupational variables and personality factors considered. Data source: Data were collected by means of questionary. All nurses working in the surgical area on the date of data collection participated in the study. Sociodemographic and related to work variables were addressed in the questionnaire. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD). Psychological personality variables were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), adapted for a Spanish population. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Study design: Multicentre, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out from August to October 2021. Data analysis: Descriptive analysis, Student's t-test for independent samples, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were performed with SPSS 25.0. Data extraction methods: The study sample consisted of 214 surgical area nurses at 23 hospitals in Andalusia (Spain). Sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables were studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. The STROBE statement guidelines were applied. Principal findings: 29.4% of the nurses in the sample presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 25.7% suffered from depersonalization and 28% had low levels of personal accomplishment. These three dimensions were significantly correlated with the NEO-FFI subscales (neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and extraversion), and with all the anxiety and depression items considered. Agreeableness was a statistically significant predictor (p < 0.001) for all three dimensions of burnout. Conclusion: Nurses in the surgical area present high levels of Burnout. There is evidence that relates Burnout to personality factors and socio-demographic variables.
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Burnout, Professional , Personality , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Spain , Adult , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , Middle Aged , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Anxiety/psychology , Nurses/psychology , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Nursing Staff, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Personality InventoryABSTRACT
Introduction: Burnout may be suffered not only by experienced nurses, but also by those in training. The university environment can be highly stressful for student nurses, who are exposed to various stress-producing situations. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the main risk factors for burnout among nursing students. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The search equation used was "Burnout AND Nursing students". Quantitative primary studies on burnout in nursing students, and related risk factors published in English or Spanish and with no restriction by year of publication were included. Results: A sample of n = 33 studies were included. Three variables are identified can influence burnout in nursing students: academic, interpersonal, environmental and/or social factors. The meta-analyses, with the higher sample of n = 418 nursing students, show that some personality factors, empathy, and resilience are correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Conclusion: The personality factors that can influence the development of burnout in nursing students, such as resilience and empathy, among others, must be taken into account when preventing the appearance and treating burnout. Professors should teach nursing students to prevent and recognize the most frequent symptoms of burnout syndrome.
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Burnout, Professional , Students, Nursing , Humans , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Burnout, Psychological , Emotions , EmpathyABSTRACT
Surgical area nurses provide comprehensive care to patients throughout the surgical process. Increases in life expectancy lead to the appearance and development of diseases, translating into an increase in the number of necessary interventions. Increases in the workload can be another risk factor for the development of burnout in professionals in this area. Knowledge of psychological and personality-related variables provides relevant information of level changes in the dimensions of burnout syndrome. Three logistic regression models, based on a cross-sectional study with 214 nurses working in the surgical area in the Andalusian Health Service, Spain, were built for each dimension. These models included different variables related to depression and personality, with some being significant at the population level and consequently true risk or protection factors. Friendliness, responsibility and extraversion are protection factors for the personal accomplishment dimension, whilst neuroticism is a risk factor for this dimension. Friendliness is also a protection factor for depersonalization, whilst depression is a risk factor. Finally, neuroticism, responsibility and depression are risk factors for the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. These findings provide relevant information that makes anticipation of this syndrome in this group easier.
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AIM: To analyze the attitude of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward organ donation and transplantation and the factors affecting to their attitude. BACKGROUND: The opinion of future nurses toward organ transplant donation could have an important influence on the population. Knowing that opinion and what factors influence it is important to improve the attitude towards organ donation and transplantation. DESIGN: A multicenter, sociological, interdisciplinary and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. METHODS: Selected and randomized sample was taken of students from 52 of the 111 faculties and nursing schools and faculties in Spain with teaching activity PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographical area and year. MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT: The instrument used was a validated questionnaire of attitude toward organ donation and transplantation, self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Completion rate: 85 % (n = 9001). Of the students surveyed, 78 % (n = 7040) would donate their organs after dying. Variables related to a favourable attitude: (1) Interest in listening to a talk about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.66, 95 % confidence interval 2.05-1.35]; (2) Family discussion [Odds ratio 2.30, 95 % confidence interval 2.79-1.90] or discussion with friends about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 1.56, 95 % confidence interval 1.86-1.31]; (3) Knowing that one's father [Odds ratio 1.54, 95 % confidence interval 1.94-1.22], mother's [Odds ratio 1.44, 95 % confidence interval 1.82-1.13] or partner [Odds ratio 1.28, 95 % confidence interval 1.60-1.03] has a favourable opinion; (4) Having a good self-assessment of information about organ donation and transplantation [Odds ratio 2.94, 95 % confidence interval 4.90-1.78]; (5) Not being worried about possible mutilation of the body after donation [Odds ratio 2.73, 95 % confidence interval 3.36-1.72]. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students in Spain tend to have a favourable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation although more than 20 % of those surveyed are not in favour. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: To maintain a high rate of organ donation for organ transplantation, it is necessary to improve the social awareness of future generations of nurses towards organ donation.
Subject(s)
Organ Transplantation , Students, Nursing , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Attitude , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
In Spain, 34,331 new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed in 2018 and 15,923 individuals died from this disease in the same year. The highest incidence of colorectal cancer is among individuals aged 65-75 years and the physiological consequences of aging, alongside the effects of the disease and its treatment, can exacerbate their physical deterioration and cognitive impairment and reduce their social relationships. The learning of coping strategies may help to improve the quality of life of patients after cancer diagnosis. To test the hypothesis that the utilization of coping strategies can improve the quality of life of elderly patients with colorectal cancer, PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched, up to 2021, using the following terms: "coping strategies and colorectal cancer" with "anxiety", "quality of life", "depression", "unmet needs", "optimism", "intimacy", "distress", "self-efficacy" and "self-esteem" with Boolean operators "AND", "OR". The literature search retrieved 641 titles/abstracts written in English. After an exhaustive analysis, only 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Randomized evidence was scant and was reported only in 3/7 of the studies analyzed. Data from available randomized evidence support that patients improved on their depression and quality of life and felt more prepared to deal with their cancer. Coping strategies in patients with colorectal cancer were effective in improving patient adaptation to their new situation. Healthcare professionals working with these patients should receive training in this complementary treatment, to be able to conduct comprehensive care in order to improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a highly prevalent disease, the progression of which depends on high blood glucose levels, which are reflected in the level of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Appropriate health education equips patients with the knowledge and skills to control their glucose and HbA1c levels to avoid long-term complications. This study was set up to compare the results of an intensive (360 min) educational intervention to improve HbA1c parameters in patients with DM2 with those of a usual 90 min intervention. For this purpose, healthcare personnel led a quasi-experimental study of 249 diabetics: 171 in the control group, and 78 in the intervention group. In the control group, the mean HbA1c value decreased from 6.97 to 6.75, while in intervention group it fell from 8.97 to 8.06. The before and after mean difference between both groups was compared with a Wilcoxon test, and the results statistically significant (W = 4530; p < 0.001), indicating a higher reduction of HbA1c in the intervention group. We concluded that the intensive health education provided by nurses during the consultation helped improve HBA1c levels in persons with DM2.
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BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is typically diagnosed in an advanced phase of its natural history. Explanatory models based on epidemiological and clinical variables provide an approximation of patient survival less than one year using information extracted from the case history only, whereas models involving therapeutic variables must confirm that any treatment applied is worse than surgery in survival terms. Models for classifying less than one year survival for patients diagnosed with lung cancer which are able to identify risk factors and quantify their effect for prognosis are analyzed. METHOD: Two stepwise binary logistic regression models, based on a retrospective study of 521 cases of patients diagnosed with lung cancer in the Interventional Pneumology Unit at the Hospital "Virgen de las Nieves", Granada, Spain. RESULTS: The first model included variables age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain. The independent risk factors age greater than 70 years, a peripheral location, dyspnea and dysphonia were significant. For the second model, treatments were also significant. CONCLUSIONS: Age, history of pulmonary neoplasm, tumor location, dyspnea, dysphonia, and chest pain are predictors for survival in patients diagnosed with lung cancer at the time of diagnosis. The treatment applied is significant for classifying less than one year survival time which confirms that any treatment is markedly inferior to surgery in terms of survival. This allows to consider applications of more or less aggressive treatments, anticipation of palliative cares or comfort measures, inclusion in clinical trials, etc.
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BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is an increasingly prevalent problem, characterised by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA), feelings that appear with prolonged exposure to stress-inducing situations. The syndrome alters physical well-being and endangers the quality of services provided. Among nurses working in the paediatric area, the association between burnout and the corresponding risk profile has received little research attention, despite the highly stressful nature of this work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was composed of 95 nurses working in four hospitals in the province of Granada. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Personality Inventory, and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. RESULTS: According to the results obtained, 22.0% of the nurses working in the paediatric area present high levels of EE, 18.5% present high levels of D, and 39.6% had feelings of low PA. These burnout levels do not depend on sociodemographic or labour variables, but the three domains of the syndrome are related to the psychological factors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Among the nurses who participated in this study, 38.6% presented high levels of burnout, especially regarding feelings of low personal accomplishment. Personality factors play an important role in the development of this syndrome. This study shows the impact of burnout in paediatric nurses as well as the risk factors, providing information for the development of strategies to prevent it.
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Burnout, Professional , Nurses, Pediatric , Nurses , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Child , Emotions , Humans , Personality , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Caring for a loved one can be rewarding but is also associated with substantial caregiver burden, developing mental outcomes and affecting happiness. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a four-week, 16-h presential meditation program on physiological and psychological parameters and vagal nerve activity in high-burden caregivers, as compared to a control group. METHODS: A non-randomized repeated-measures controlled clinical trial was conducted. RESULTS: According to the ANCOVA results, the global happiness score (F = 297.42, p < 0.001) and the scores for all subscales were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 5 weeks. Anxiety levels were also significantly reduced in the experimental group (F = 24.92, p < 0.001), systolic (F = 16.23, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood (F = 34.39, p < 0.001) pressures, and the resting heart rate (F = 17.90, p < 0.05). HRV results revealed significant between-group differences in the HRV Index (F = 8.40, p < 0.05), SDNN (F = 13.59, p < 0.05), and RMSSD (F = 10.72, p < 0.05) in the time domain, and HF (F = 4.82 p < 0.05)) in the frequency domain, which were all improved in the experimental group after the meditation program. CONCLUSIONS: Meditation can be a useful therapy to enhance the mental health and autonomic nervous system balance of informal caregivers, improving symptoms of physical and mental overload.
Subject(s)
Meditation , Autonomic Nervous System , Caregivers , Heart Rate , Humans , Mental Health , Vagus NerveABSTRACT
Palliative care (PC) prevents and alleviates patients´ suffering to improve their quality of life in their last days. In recent years, there has been an increase in visits to the emergency services (ES) by patients who may need this type of care. The aims were to describe the training and capacitation of nurses from ES in PC. Accordingly, a systematic review was performed. Medline, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were used. The search equation was "Palliative care and nursing care and emergency room". A total of 12 studies were selected. The studies agree on the need for training professionals in PC to provide a higher quality care, better identification of patient needs and to avoid unnecessary invasive processes. Similarly, the implementation of a collaborative model between ES and PC, the existence of a PC specialized team in the ES or proper palliative care at home correspond to a decrease in emergency visits, a lower number of hospitalizations or days admitted, and a decrease in hospital deaths. The development of PC in the different areas of patient care is necessary. Better palliative care leads to a lower frequency of ES by terminal patients, which has a positive impact on their quality of life. Access to PC from the emergency unit should be one of the priority health objectives due to increment in the aged population susceptible to this type of care.
Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Palliative Care , Aged , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitalization , Humans , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
Finding methods to improve people's diabetes control and management is important to prevent its complications and maintain the quality of life. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of games on the blood glucose level (glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)). A systematic review and meta-analysis were made. Pubmed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were consulted in July of 2020. Ten studies were selected as a final sample, most of them being clinical trials using games to improve diabetes control. Half of the studies had samples between 8 and 14.9 years old and the other half between 57 and 65 years old. The studies informed about using applications/games for mobile phones, game consoles, and board games for diabetes education and management. The meta-analysis was performed with 4 studies showing a mean difference of 0.12 (CI 95% 0.57, 0.33) of HbA1c in favor of the intervention group with p > 0.05. Games are positive for diabetes health education and promoting healthier lifestyle, but their impact on HbA1c is low.
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Purpose: To determine levels of burnout among paediatric oncology nurses, and the risk factors that may influence its development. Method: A literature review with meta-analysis was conducted, via a search in the PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus, ProQuest (Health and Medical Complete), Scielo and PsycINFO databases, using the search equation: "Nurs* AND burnout AND oncology AND pediatric". Results: The final sample of selected studies was of eight articles. All were quantitative studies of paediatric oncology nurses, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, written in English or Spanish. No search restrictions were established on the year of publication. The eight studies reported moderate-high levels of burnout in each of its three dimensions. These dimensions were all related to the characteristics of the profession, in terms of complexity, shifts and workload, and to sociodemographic variables such as marital status, work experience, age and gender. The prevalence meta-analytical estimation for a sample of n = 361 nurses were 37% for high emotional exhaustion, 16% for high depersonalisation and 27% for low personal fulfilment. Conclusions: Most paediatric oncology nurses present moderate-high levels of burnout. Therefore, strategies and interventions should be identified and implemented to protect these workers from the syndrome.
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The knowledge acquired during university education about organ donation and transplantation (ODT) decisively influences the information future health professionals transmit. This is important in ODT where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. OBJECTIVE: To determine notions of Spanish medicine and nursing students on ODT and its relationship with attitude toward ODT. METHODS AND DESIGN: and design. We conducted a sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. The population for our study consisted of medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Our database was the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. Our sample consisted of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence interval; precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: The completion rate for our study was 90%. Only 20% (n=3640) of students thought their notions on ODT were good; 41% (n=7531) thought their notions were normal; 36% (n=6550) thought their notions were scarce. Comparing groups, there were differences between those who believed that their notions on ODT were good (44% nursing vs 56% medical students; P < .000), and those who believed it scarce (54% nursing vs 46% medical students; P < .000). Notions on ODT were related with attitude toward the donation of one's own organs: those who considered their notions were good were more in favor then those who considered it scarce (88% vs 72%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Only 20% of Spanish medical and nursing students thought their notions on ODT were good. Having good knowledge is related to a favorable attitude towards ODT. Receiving specific information on the subject could improve their knowledge about ODT during their training.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/psychology , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , SpainABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Information provided by health care professionals is crucial to create a climate of social opinion. This is important in organ donation and transplantation (ODT), where the participation of the general public is essential to obtain organs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitude toward the Law of Presumed Consent (LPC) among Spanish university students and to analyze their relation with attitude toward ODT. METHODS: and design. The type of study was a sociologic, multicenter, observational study. The population included medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. Database of Collaborative International Donor Project was used stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (Collaborative International Donor Project, organ donation and transplantation questionnaire in Spanish [PCID-DTO-RIOS]) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students was analyzed (99% confidence and precision of ±1%) and stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: Completion rate was 90%. Regarding attitude toward LPC, 66% of the students were against the law, whereas 34% accepted it. Of the students surveyed, 9% considered the law as a gesture of solidarity, 25% as an effective way of not wasting organs, 48% as an abuse of power, and 18% as offenses against the family. Those students who were in favor of LPC also had a more favorable attitude toward ODT (86% vs 76%; P < .001). Comparing groups, nursing students were less in favor of LPC than medical students (32% vs 36%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Sixty-six percent of Spanish university medical and nursing students were against the LPC. The favorable attitude toward ODT is associated with considering the law as a gesture of solidarity or as an effective way of not wasting organs.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/legislation & jurisprudence , Presumed Consent , Tissue and Organ Procurement/legislation & jurisprudence , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Students, Medical , Students, Nursing , Surveys and Questionnaires , UniversitiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: A favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) is fundamental among health professionals at the time of transplant promotion. In this sense, the training and awareness of professionals are fundamental. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in the attitude toward ODT and the factors that condition it among Andalusian medical and nursing students. METHODS AND DESIGN: The study is a sociologic, multicenter, observational study. The population includes medical and nursing students in Andalusian universities. Database of the Collaborative International Donor Project is used and data are stratified by geographic area and academic course. The instrument of measurement was a validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) that was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. Completion of the questionnaire was anonymous and self-administered. The sample included Andalusian medical and nursing students (99% confidence and precision of ±1%) stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: There was a completion rate of 91%; 79% (n = 2879) of Andalusian students were in favor of donation and 21% were not in favor. The attitude toward ODT is more favorable in medical compared with nursing students (80% vs 77%; P = .021). The psychosocial profile toward donation is similar in both groups relating to the following variables (P < .05): knowing a transplant patient, having received information about the subject, attitude toward family donation, and having discussed transplantation with family and friends. CONCLUSION: Andalusian medical students favored organ donation more than Andalusian nursing students, and the favorable attitude is associated with having an awareness of the subject.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/psychology , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
A primary care physician (PCP) not only accompanies the patient in the process of an illness, but throughout his or her life. The confidence we have in these health professionals is fundamental, and their favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) has a significant influence on the population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze trust in PCPs among Spanish medical and nursing students, the relationship with their attitude toward ODT, and the factors that condition it. METHODS AND DESIGN: A sociologic, multicenter, and observational study. POPULATION: medical and nursing students in Spanish universities. DATABASE: Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. A validated questionnaire (PCID-DTO-RIOS) was self-administered and completed anonymously. A sample of 9598 medical and 10,566 nursing students (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographic area and year of study. RESULTS: Completion rate: 90%. With respect to students' trust in their physician, 18% (n = 3267) of them totally trust (completely), 45% (n = 8101) trust enough, 30% (n = 5478) of them have not enough trust, and 7% not at all. Comparing groups, medical students totally trust more in PCPs than nursing students (55% vs 45%; P < .000), however, nursing students have less than enough trust in their PCP than medical students (53% vs 47%; P < .000). Students that totally trust in their PCP were more in favor toward ODT than students with not enough trust (83% vs 77%; P < .000). CONCLUSION: Only 18% of Spanish medical and nursing students totally trust in their PCP. Attitude toward ODT is related to a higher level of trust in PCPs among these students.
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation/psychology , Physicians, Primary Care , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Trust , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Social Behavior , Spain , Students, Medical/psychology , Students, Nursing/psychology , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Health care professionals and the information that they provide to the public on organ donation and transplantation (ODT) influence attitudes toward this option. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the knowledge of university nursing students at Spanish universities toward ODT and the factors affecting it. METHODS AND DESIGN: The methods and design included a multicenter, sociologic, and observational study including university nursing diploma students in a complete academic year. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 10,566 students was selected stratified by geographic area and year. INSTRUMENT: A validated questionnaire of knowledge toward ODT (PCID-DTO RIOS), self-administered and completed anonymously. RESULTS: Questionnaire completion rate: 85% (n = 9001). Only 18% (n = 1580) believed that their knowledge about ODT was good, 40% (n = 3578) believed that the information they had was normal, and 39% believed that their knowledge was sparse. Of the students, 96% believed that organ needs are not covered and 79% that they might need a transplant in the future. Only 39% (n = 3493) had attended a talk about ODT. Furthermore, 83% (n = 7435) believed that attending a talk would be interesting. The following variables were associated with having a more adequate knowledge: gender (62% men vs 57% women; P < .001); academic year (P < .001); knowing a donor (P < .001); knowing a transplant patient (P < .001); believing the possibility of needing a transplant oneself in the future (P < .001); attitude toward deceased donation (P < .001); and interest in receiving an informative talk about ODT (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Only 18% of nursing students in Spain believed that their knowledge about ODT was adequate. These results must be considered for possible training plans for these future professionals.
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Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Organ Transplantation , Students, Nursing , Tissue and Organ Procurement , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Spain , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout in mental health nurses and to identify its predictors. A systematic review was conducted of studies published in the following databases: CINAHL, Dialnet, LILACS, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus. The search equation used was "Nurs * AND Burnout AND mental health". Subsequently, three fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed, one for each dimension of burnout, to calculate its prevalence and the corresponding confidence intervals. The data were analysed using StatsDirect meta-analysis software. Eleven studies were finally included (n = 11). In most cases, the literature informs about moderate levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The studies inform that variables such as work overload, work-related stress, professional seniority, male gender, being single, and aggression at work, among other factors, contribute to burnout development. The meta-analytic prevalence estimations of burnout with a sample of n = 868 mental health nurses are 25% for high emotional exhaustion, 15% for depersonalization, and 22% for low personal accomplishment. From a workforce development and safety perspective, it is important for managers to address the emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment aspects of burnout reported in the workplace by mental health nurses.
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Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Psychiatric Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Burnout, Professional/etiology , Humans , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Recent immunological and transgenic advances are a promising alternative using limited materials of human origin for transplantation. However, it is essential to achieve social acceptance of this therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the attitude of nursing students from Spanish universities toward organ xenotransplantation (XTx) and to determine the factors affecting their attitude. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type of study: A sociological, multicentre, and observational study. STUDY POPULATION: Nursing students enrolled in Spain (n = 28,000). SAMPLE SIZE: A sample of 10 566 students estimating a proportion of 76% (99% confidence and precision of ±1%), stratified by geographical area and year of study. Instrument of measurement: A validated questionnaire (PCID-XenoTx-RIOS) was handed out to every student in a compulsory session. This survey was self-administered and self-completed voluntarily and anonymously by each student in a period of 5-10 min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive analysis, Student's t test, the chi-square test, and a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A completion rate: 84% (n = 8913) was obtained. If the results of XTx were as good as in human donation, 74% (n = 6564) would be in favor and 22% (n = 1946) would have doubts. The following variables affected this attitude: age (P < 0.001); sex (P < 0.001); geographical location (P < 0.001); academic year of study (P < 0.001); attitude toward organ donation (P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (P < 0.001); discussion of transplantation with one's family (P < 0.001) and friends (P < 0.001); and the opinion of one's partner (P < 0.001). The following variables persisted in the multivariate analysis: being a male (OR = 1.436; P < 0.001); geographical location (OR = 1.937; P < 0.001); an attitude in favor of donation (OR = 1.519; P < 0.001); belief in the possibility of needing a transplant (OR = 1.497; P = 0.036); and having spoken about the issue with family (OR = 1.351; P < 0.001) or friends (OR = 1.240; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The attitude of nursing students toward organ XTx is favorable and is associated with factors of general knowledge about organ donation and transplantation and social interaction.
Subject(s)
Attitude , Organ Transplantation , Students, Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Transplantation, Heterologous , Female , Heterografts/immunology , Humans , Living Donors , Male , Organ Transplantation/methods , Students, Medical , Tissue and Organ Procurement/methodsABSTRACT
Introduction: In general it has been recommended to people with diabetes to follow a low-carb diet. However, diets low in carbohydrates (DLCH) seem to be, at least, just as effective as low-fat, even providing better results in some cases in terms of glycemic control, decreased body weight and improves markers of cardiovascular risk. Objetives: To analyze the effect of the DLCH with respect to a low-fat diet (LFD) or other, as to baseline blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Methods: Literature Search of studies published in Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo and ProQuest. We extracted data on the composition of the diets evaluated, duration, and changes with respect to baseline blood glucose, HbA1c, body weight, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: We included 15 studies in the review found one of them significant differences between groups in levels of fasting glucose, in 6 in terms of HbA1c and 3 in terms of body weight. With regard to the levels of blood lipid, are not found in any study, significant differences between groups in regard to total cholesterol, while it is found in three studies with regard to the levels of triglycerides. Conclusions: This review shows that the DLCH can be effective in some aspects such as the reduction of HbA1c, body weight or triglyceride, although there is sufficient evidence to support its long term use over other diets, which requires more future research.
Introducción: usualmente se ha recomendado a personas diabéticas seguir una dieta baja en grasas. Sin embargo, las dietas bajas en carbohidratos (DBCH) parecen ser, al menos, igual de efectivas que las bajas en grasas, incluso aportan mejores resultados en algunos casos en cuanto a control glicémico, disminución de peso corporal y mejora de marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de las DBCH con respecto a dietas bajas en grasas (DBG) u otras, en cuanto a glucemia basal, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), peso corporal, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Métodos:búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios publicados en Medline, Scopus, Cinahl, Lilacs, Dialnet, Scielo y ProQuest. Se extrajeron datos sobre la composición de las dietas evaluadas, duración y cambios respecto a glucemia basal, HbA1c, peso corporal, colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados: se incluyen 15 estudios en la revisión: en uno de ellos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre grupos en los niveles de glucemia basal, en 6 en cuanto a HbA1c y en 3 en cuanto a peso corporal. Con respecto a los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, no se encuentran en ningún estudio diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al colesterol total, mientras que sí se encuentran en 3 estudios respecto a los niveles de triglicéridos. Conclusiones: esta revisión muestra que las DBCH pueden ser efectivas en algunos aspectos como la reducción de HbA1c, de peso corporal o de triglicéridos, aunque no hay suficiente evidencia científica que respalde su uso a largo plazo por encima de otras dietas, por lo que se precisa de más investigaciones futuras.