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AIMS: The study aimed to determine the dimensionality of the Spanish version of the PQ-16 among Colombian adolescent school students. METHODS: A validation study was designed with the participation of 334 Colombian adolescent students aged between 13 and 17 (M = 15.2, SD = 1.1); 171 (52.1%) were girls, and 163 (47.9%) were boys, 229 (68.6%) were ninth-grade students and 105 (31.4%) were tenth-grade students. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, internal consistency was calculated with the Kuder-Richardson and McDonald's omega tests, and correlation with suicide ideation was computed with the Kendall correlation (r). RESULTS: The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the PQ-16 adequately fit a unidimensional structure: RMSEA = 0.05 (90%CI 0.04-0.06), CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, SRMR = 0.05, chi-squared = 193.18 (df = 102, p < 0.001) and normalized chi-squared = 1.89. This factor presented high internal consistency: Kuder-Richardson test and McDonald's omega of 0.83. The correlation between the PQ-16 and suicide ideation was r = 0.45 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The PQ-16 is a one-dimensional tool with high internal consistency and correlation with suicide ideation among schooled adolescents. Further research should explore the PQ-16 performance against a structured clinical interview.
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Introducción: durante las últimas dos décadas, el concepto de capital social se ha utilizado con creciente frecuencia en las ciencias de la salud debido a las relaciones directas e indirectas entre el capital social y la salud física y mental de las poblaciones. Por tanto, es necesario construir un instrumento para cuantificar este concepto con seguridad y confiabilidad. Objetivo: analizar la consistencia interna y dimensionalidad de una escala de siete ítems para medir el capital social en adultos de la población general de Colombia. Metodología: se realizó un estudio de validación en línea, que incluyó una muestra de 700 adultos de entre 18 y 76 años, el 68 % eran mujeres. Los participantes completaron una escala de siete ítems llamada Escala de Capital Social Cognitivo (ECSC). El alfa de Cronbach y el omega de McDonald se calcularon para probar la consistencia interna. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios para explorar la dimensionalidad de la ECSC. Resultados: la ECSC presentó una consistencia interna baja (alfa de Cronbach de 0,56 y omega de McDonald de 0,59) y pobre dimensionalidad. Seguidamente, se probó una versión de cinco ítems (ECSC-5). La ECSC-5 mostró una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach de 0,79 y omega de McDonald de 0,80) y una estructura unidimensional con indicadores de bondad de ajuste aceptables. Discusión: la ECSC-5 presenta alta consistencia interna y una estructura unidimensional para medir el capital cognitivo social en adultos colombianos. Se recomienda la ECSC-5 para la medición del capital social en la población general colombiana. Futuras investigaciones deben corroborar estos hallazgos en aplicaciones de lápiz y papel y explorar otros indicadores de confiabilidad y validez.
Introduction: During the last two decades, the concept of social capital has been used increasingly frequently in health sciences due to the direct and indirect relationships between social capital and populations' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to build an instrument to quantify this concept confidently and reliably. Objective: The study aimed to internal consistency and dimensionality of a seven-item scale to measure social capital in Colombia's general population of adults. Methods: An online validation study included a sample of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years; 68% were females. Participants completed a seven-item scale called the Cognitive Social Capital Scale (CSCS). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were computed to test internal consistency. The authors explore the internal consistency and dimensionality of the CSCS. Results: The CSCS presented a low internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.56 and McDonald's omega of 0.59) and poor dimensionality. Then, the researchers tested a five-item version (CSCS-5). The CSCS-5 showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and McDonald's omega of 0.80) and a one-dimension structure with acceptable goodness-of-fit indicators. Discussion: The CSCS-5 presents high internal consistency and a one-dimensional structure to measure cognitive capital social in the Colombian sample. Authors can recommend measuring social capital in the general Colombian population. Further research should corroborate this pencil and paper application findings and explore other reliability and validity indicators.
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Sexual abuse is a public health problem due to its negative impact on physical and mental health. This study aimed to determine the association between sexual abuse and the use of psychoactive substances among high-school adolescents in Colombia. A cross-sectional analytical study was designed in which tenth and eleventh-grade students were included. Overall, a history of sexual abuse was explored with the Trauma Symptom Checklist, and lifetime substance use was assessed with the United States Centers for Disease Control Youth Risk Behavior Questionnaire. The prevalence of sexual abuse was 17.4%, lifetime alcohol use was 77.4%, cigarette 22.4%, cannabis 11.6%, cocaine 2.7%, and other substances 5.1%. History of sexual abuse was associated with alcohol use (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.10-2.30), cigarette (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.51-2.85), cannabis (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.66-3.56), cocaine (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.25-5.04) and use of other substances (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.31-4.13). The history of sexual abuse is related to the use of substances in high school adolescents in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. More studies are needed to identify the impact of sexual abuse on short-term and lifelong mental health.
Subject(s)
Child Abuse, Sexual , Cocaine , Substance-Related Disorders , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Colombia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Caribbean Region , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Introducción: La exposición a la violencia afecta la salud mental. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre este fenómeno en estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre la exposición a la violencia e ideación suicida en universitarios de Santa Marta, Colombia. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, analítico y transversal. Participaron 1647 estudiantes entre 16 y 24 años (M=20,58, DT=1,715), quienes completaron la Escala de Exposición a la Violencia (α = 0,87) y la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Roberts (α =0,74). Resultados: El modelo de regresión logística ajustado indicó que la exposición directa a la violencia en el colegio (OR=2,02; IC95 %=1,28-3,16) y casa (OR=1,53; IC95 %=1,02-2,29), e indirecta en colegio (OR=1,34; IC95 %= 11,06-1,70) y casa (OR=1,91; IC95 %=1,27-2,88), incrementan la ideación suicida. Conclusiones: La exposición a la violencia en el colegio y en la casa, de forma directa e indirecta, son factores de riesgo para la ideación suicida en estudiantes universitarios.
Introduction: Exposure to violence affects mental health; however, there are few studies on this phenomenon in university students. Objective: To establish the association between exposure to violence and suicidal ideation in university students from Santa Marta, Colombia. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out involving 1,647 students between 16 and 24 years old (M=20.58, SD=1.715), who completed the violence exposure Scale (α =0.87) and the Roberts suicidal ideation scale (α =0.74). Results: The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that direct exposure to violence at school (OR=2.02; 95% CI=1.28-3.16) and home (OR=1.53; 95% CI=1.02 -2.29), and indirect exposure at school (OR=1.34; CI95%= 1.06-1.70) and home (OR=1.91; CI95%=1.27-2.88), increased suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Direct and indirect exposure to violence at school and at home are risk factors for suicidal ideation in university students.
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Resumen. El abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa el riesgo de distrés psicológico. El objetivo de la investigación fue cuantificar la asociación entre abuso sexual y distrés psicológico (estrés postraumático, depresión y riesgo suicida) en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal. Participaron 1.462 estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15,98; DE = 0,83). El abuso sexual se indagó mediante un ítem único del Cuestionario de Victimización Juvenil y el distrés con la Escala Breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático, la escala de ideación suicida del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos y el Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5). La prevalencia de abuso sexual fue 17,37%; riesgo de estrés postraumático, 19,36%; riesgo de depresión, 7,05%; y alto riesgo suicida, 13,27%. La historia de abuso sexual se asoció a estrés postraumático (Ajustado OR = 2,41; IC 95% 1,77 -3,28), depresión (AOR = 2,48; IC 95% 1,59-3,88), y riesgo suicida (AOR = 2,51; IC 95% 1,77 -3,56). Se concluye que el abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa significativamente el riesgo de distrés psicológicos en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se necesitan estudios de cohorte para controlar posibles variables de confusión para estas asociaciones.
Abstract. Sexual abuse is a stressor that increases the risk of psychological distress. The research objective was to quantify the association between sexual abuse and psychological distress (post-traumatic stress, depression, and suicide risk) in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional, correlational study was designed. One thousand four hundred sixty-two students between the ages of 13 and 17 participated (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83). Sexual abuse was investigated using a single item of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Psychological distress was evaluated with the SPAN (post-traumatic symptoms, suicidal ideation scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Well-being Index (WHO-5). The prevalence of sexual abuse was 17.37%; post-traumatic stress, 19.36%; depression, 7.05%; and suicide risk, 13.27%. The sexual abuse history was associated with post-traumatic stress (Adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.28), depression (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.59 - 3.88), and suicide risk (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.56). It is concluded that sexual abuse is a stressor that significantly increases the risk of psychological distress in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. Cohort studies are needed to control for possible confounding variables for these associations.
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Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la relación entre función familiar, salud percibida y logro académico en adolescentes escolarizados en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado. Participaron 1462 adolescentes escolares entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15.98; SD = 0.83), 60.32 % eran de género femenino, 76.06 % informó baja función familiar, 24.69 % mala/regular salud percibida y 30.78 % bajo/regular logro académico. La baja función familiar se asoció a salud percibida mala/regular (OR = 2.35; IC95 % 1.66-3.35) y bajo/regular logro académico (OR = 1.50; IC95 % 1.12-2.01). Se concluye que la baja función familiar es un factor de riesgo para la salud percibida y el logro académico. Se necesita más investigación de estas asociaciones.
Abstract This study's objective was to explore the relationship between family function, perceived health, and academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed in which tenth and eleventh-grade students were included. The sample consisted of 1,462 school adolescents between 13 and 17 years old (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83), 60.32% were females, 76.06% reported family dysfunction, 24.69% were poor/fair perceived health and 30.78% low/fair academic achievement. Family function poor was associated with poor/fair perceived health (OR = 2.35, 95%CI 1.66 - 3.35) and low/fair academic achievement (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.12 - 2.01). It is concluded that family function poor is associated with poor perceived health and low academic achievement. More research is needed on these associations.
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RESUMEN Introducción: En el contexto colombiano, la escala APGAR familiar es de uso frecuente para evaluar la función familiar. Sin embargo, no se cuenta con un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) que corrobore en estudiantes adolescentes colombianos la estructura unidimensional propuesta. Objetivo: Realizar un AFC a la escala APGAR familiar en estudiantes de media vocacional de Santa Marta, Colombia. Método: Un total de 1.462 estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado de colegios oficiales y privados diligenció la escala APGAR familiar. Se incluyó a los estudiantes de 13 a 17 anos (media, 16,0 ± 0,8); el 60,3% eran mujeres y el 55,3%, estudiantes de décimo grado. En el AFC se estimaron los estadísticos x2, RMSEA, CFI, TLI y SMSR. Se calculó la consistencia interna de la dimensión con los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Resultados: En el AFC los estadísticos fueron: x2 = 9,11; gl = 5;p = 0,105; RMSEA = 0,024 (IC90%, 0,000-0,048); CFI = 0,998; TLI = 0,996 y SMRS = 0,009. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue 0,819 y el omega de McDonald, 0,820. Conclusiones: Se confirma la estructura unidimensional de la escala APGAR familiar en estudiantes de media vocacional de Santa Marta, Colombia. Este cuestionario es confiable y válido para la medición de función familiar en adolescentes escolarizados.
ABSTRACT Introduction: In Colombia, the family APGAR questionnaire is often used to evaluate family function. However, there is no confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to corroborate the proposed one-dimensional structure in Colombian adolescent students. Objective: To perform CFA on the APGAR family questionnaire in high-school students of Santa Marta, Colombia. Method: A total of 1462 students of tenth and eleventh grade of official and private schools completed the family APGAR questionnaire. Students between 13 and 17 years old (M=16.0, SD=0.8) were included, of which 60.3% were female, and 55.3% were tenth grade students. The x2, RMSEA, CFI, TLI and SMSR were estimated in the CFA. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated with Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega coefficients. Results: In the CFA the indexes were x2=9.11, df=5, P=.105; RMSEA=.024 (CI90%, .000-.048), CFI=.998, TLI=.996, and SMSR=.009. Cronbach alpha coefficient was .819 and McDonald omega, .820. Conclusions: The one-dimensional structure of the APGAR family scale is confirmed in high-school students of Santa Marta, Colombia. This questionnaire is reliable and valid for the measurement of family function in school-aged adolescents.
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Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de las revistas científicas colombianas del área de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud a través del sistema de medición integral de revistas científicas colombianas que se sustenta en el Índice de Osk. Se analizaron las 33 revistas científicas colombianas de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud indexadas en el Índice Bibliográfico Nacional Publindex en la convocatoria 768 del año 2016, de las cuales solo se tuvieron en cuenta las ediciones y las citas comprendidas entre el periodo del 01 de enero al 31 de diciembre del año 2017. La revista que mayor valor presentó fue Biomédica, con un índice para el año 2017 de 314,30, seguida de la Revista Colombiana de Cardiología con 206,81, y en tercer lugar la Revista de Salud Pública con 201,15, las cuales se agrupan en el nivel O1. En el otro extremo y agrupándose de mayor a menor en el nivel O4 se encuentran la revista Duazary (41,78), la Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia (38,19) y Vitae (35,12). A modo de conclusión, se hace preciso revisar el modelo actual de clasificación de las revistas en Colombia Publindex, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades encontradas durante la revisión. Es por eso que se recomienda la implementación de un modelo o sistema de medición integral, como es en este caso el Índice de Osk(AU)
The purpose of the study was to evaluate Colombian medical and health sciences journals using a comprehensive measurement system for Colombian scientific journals based on the Osk Index. An analysis was conducted of 33 Colombian medical and health sciences journals indexed in the National Bibliographic Index Publindex as of call for papers number 768 of 2016, from which only editions and citations from 1 January to 31 December 2017 were considered. The publication with the highest score was Biomédica, with an index of 314.30 for the year 2017, followed by Revista Colombiana de Cardiología with 206.81 and Revista de Salud Pública with 201.15, all three of them in level O1. On the opposite end, and grouped from highest to lowest in level O4 are the journals Duazary (41.78), Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia (38.19) and Vitae (35.12). Conclusions point to the need to review the classification model currently applied to Colombian journals, Publindex, bearing in mind the particular features revealed by the study. It is therefore recommended to implement a comprehensive measurement model or system, as is the case with the Osk Index(AU)
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Humans , Retrospective Studies , Health Sciences , Bibliometrics , Scientific and Technical Publications , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de la salud general percibida y su asociación al síndrome de burnout académico e ideación suicida en universitarios de una institución pública de la ciudad de Santa Marta. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal con componente analítico, en una muestra de 807 estudiantes de una universidad pública, quienes respondieron la escala de salud general (GHQ), el inventario de burnout académico (MBI-SS) y la escala de ideación suicida (CES-D-IS). Resultados: Mostraron el 60 % de los participantes eran mujeres con edades entre 18 a 47 años. El 28 % informa malestar en su salud general percibida. La ideación suicida (OR = 3,16; IC 95 % 1,82 5,49), el agotamiento (OR = 2,22; IC 95 % 1,51 3,25), el cinismo (OR = 1,61; IC 95 % 1,14 2,28), y la ineficacia académica (OR = 1,60; IC 95 % 1,122,28) se asociaron a malestar general percibido. Conclusiones: La ideación suicida y las dimensiones del burnout (agotamiento, cinismo e ineficacia académica) son factores de riesgo para la salud general percibida en los estudiantes universitarios. Se necesita más investigación acerca del papel de variables contextuales en la salud general de los estudiantes universitarios.
Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of perceived general health and its association to academic burnout syndrome and suicide ideation in university students of a public institution in the city of Santa Marta. Method: A cross-sectional observational study with analytical component was conducted in a sample of 807 students from a public university, who answered the general health scale (GHQ), the academic burnout inventory (MBI-SS) and the suicide ideation scale (CES-D-IS). Results: They showed 60 % of the participants were women between the ages of 18 and 47,28 % reported an impairment in their perceived general health. Suicidal ideation (OR = 3,16; IC 95 % 1,82 5,49), exhaustion (OR = 2,22; IC 95 % 1,51-3,25), cynicism (OR = 1,61; IC 95 % 1,142,28), and academic inefficacy (OR = 1,60; IC 95 % 1,122,28) were associated with perceived general malaise. Conclusions: Suicidal ideation, and burnout dimensions (exhaustion, cynicism and academic inefficiency) are risk factors for perceived general health in university students. More research is needed on the role of contextual variables in the general health of university students.
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Resumen Objetivo: Conocer la dimensionalidad, la validez nomológica y la consistencia interna de la escala breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático en estudiantes de media vocacional de Santa Marta, Colombia. Metodología: En el segundo semestre de 2018, un total de 1462 estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado, entre 13 y 17 años (M = 16,0; de = 0,8), 60,3 % de sexo femenino, diligenció la escala breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático. Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Se calculó la consistencia interna de la dimensión, con los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Resultados: En el análisis factorial exploratorio, la escala breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático mostró Kaiser-Meier-Olkin = 0,714, chi cuadrado de Barttlet = 783,3 (gl= 6; p= 0,001), y valor propio de 1,99, que explicó el 49,7 % de la varianza. En el análisis factorial confirmatorio, chi cuadrado = 5,921; gl= 2; p= 0,052; raíz del cuadrado medio del error de aproximación = 0,037 (ic 90 % 0,000-0,072); índice comparativo de ajuste = 0,995; índice de Tucker-Lewis = 0,985 residual cuadrada media estandarizada = 0,011. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,66, y la omega de McDonald, 0,69. Conclusiones: La escala breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático es unidimensional, con aceptable consistencia interna.
Abstract Objective: To determine the dimensionality, nomological validity and internal consistency of the brief Davidson scale for post-traumatic stress in average vocational students from Santa Marta, Colombia. Methodology: In the second semester of 2018, a total of 1,462 tenth and eleventh grade students aged between 13 and 17 years old (M = 16.0; DE = 0.8), 60.3% female, filled out the brief Davidson scale for post-traumatic stress. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The internal consistency of the dimension was calculated with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis, the brief Davidson scale for post-traumatic stress showed Kaiser-Meier-Olkin = 0.714, Barttlet's chi square = 783.3 (gl = 6; p = 0.001), and an eigenvalue of 1.99, which explained 49.7% of the variance. In the confirmatory factor analysis, chi square = 5.921; gl = 2; p = 0.052; root of the mean square of the error of approximation = 0.037 (CI 90% 0.000-0.072); comparative adjustment index = 0.955; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.985 standardized mean square residual = 0.011. Cronbach's alpha was 0.66, and McDonald's omega was 0.69. Conclusions: The brief Davidson scale for post-traumatic stress is one-dimensional, with acceptable internal consistency.
Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer a dimensionalidade, a validade nomológica e a consistência interna da escala abreviada de Davidson para estresse pós-traumático em estudantes dos últimos dois anos do ensino médio de Santa Marta, Colômbia. Metodologia: No segundo semestre de 2018, um total de 1462 alunos dos anos 10º e 11º, entre 13 e 17 anos (M = 16,0; DE = 0,8), 60,3 % de gênero feminino, preencheram a escala abreviada de Davidson para estresse pós-traumático. Análises fatorial exploratória e confirmatória foram realizadas. A consistência interna da dimensão foi calculada, com os coeficientes alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald. Resultados: Na análise fatorial exploratória, a escala abreviada de Davidson para estresse pós-traumático mostrou Kaiser-Meier-Olkin = 0,714, chi quadrado de Barttlet = 783,3 (gl = 6; p = 0,001), e valor próprio de 1,99, que explicou 49,7 % da variância. Na análise fatorial confirmatória, o chi quadrado = 5,921; gl = 2; p = 0,052; raiz do quadrado médio do erro de aproximação = 0,037 (IC 90 % 0,000-0,072); Índice comparativo de ajuste = 0,995; Índice Tucker- Lewis = 0,985 residual quadrada média estandardizada = 0,011. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,66, e o ômega do McDonald foi 0,69. Conclusões: A escala abreviada de Davidson para estresse pós-traumático é unidimensional, com consistência interna aceitável.
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Introducción. La prevalencia del consumo de Cannabis sigue en aumento en el mundo, especialmente, entre adolescentes. Dicho consumo se sobrepone al de cigarrillos y otras sustancias lícitas e ilícitas, y se ha asociado con síntomas depresivos e incremento del riesgo suicida. En el contexto colombiano poco se conoce sobre la relación entre el consumo de Cannabis y el riesgo de suicidio. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de Cannabis y el riesgo suicida en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio transversal con una muestra probabilística de estudiantes de media vocacional entre los 13 y los 17 años de edad en colegios oficiales y privados. Se indagó sobre el consumo de Cannabis alguna vez en la vida y se cuantificó el riesgo suicida con la Center for Epidemiologic Studies on Depression Scale. Las puntuaciones superiores a ocho se categorizaron como riesgo suicida elevado. Se estimó la razón de oportunidad (OR) cruda y la ajustada. Resultados. Participaron 1.462 estudiantes. La media para la edad fue de 14,4 años (desviación estándar, DE=0,8) y el 60,3 % correspondía a mujeres. La prevalencia del consumo de Cannabis alguna vez en la vida fue del 11,6 % (IC95% 10,0-13,2) y el 13,3 % (IC95% 11,6-15,0) de los estudiantes presentó riesgo suicida elevado. El consumo de Cannabis se asoció con dicho riesgo ajustado por otras variables (OR=1,88; IC95% 1,23-2,88). Conclusiones. El consumo de Cannabis se asoció con el riesgo suicida elevado en adolescentes escolarizados de Santa Marta, Colombia. Es necesario analizar otras variables que pueden mediar esta asociación.
Introduction: The use of Cannabis continues to increase worldwide, especially among adolescents. This use overlaps with cigarette smoking and other illicit and licit drugs and is associated with depressive symptoms and suicide risk. In our national context, little is known about the relationship between Cannabis use and suicide risk. Objective: To evaluate the association between Cannabis use and elevated suicide risk in high school adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of high school students between 13 and 17 years of age from official and private schools. We analyzed the use of Cannabis some time in life and suicide risk was quantified using the suicide ideation scale designed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression. Scores greater than eight were categorized as a high suicide risk. The crude and adjusted opportunity ratio (OR) was estimated. Results: A total of 1,462 students participated. Their mean age was 14.4 years (SD=0.8) and 60.3% were women. The lifetime prevalence of Cannabis use was 11.6% (95%CI: 10.0 13.2) and 13.3% of the students reported high suicide risk (95%CI: 11.6-15.0). Cannabis consumption was associated with high suicide risk adjusted by other variables (OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.23-2.88). Conclusions: Cannabis use was associated with high suicide risk in high school adolescents in Santa Marta, Colombia. Other variables should be studied in order to further examine this association.
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Suicide , Marijuana Smoking , Students , Public Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , AdolescentABSTRACT
Resumen La escala de riesgo suicida de Plutchik ha sido ampliamente utilizada para valorar el riesgo suicida; no obstante, se desconocen estudios sobre sus propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes colombianos. El objetivo de esta investigación tiene como finalidad establecer la adaptación, validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la escala en adolescentes colombianos. Se diseñó un estudio de tipo instrumental, en una muestra conformada por 481 adolescentes con edades entre 13 y 20 años (M = 16.3, DE = 1.4), 46% correspondió a hombres. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y el número de factores se definió con el Análisis Paralelo de Horn y el ajuste con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Se obtuvo una versión reducida de nueve ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 53% de la varianza común y muy buen ajuste [Χ2S-B = 26.36, gl = 26, p = .34; NNFI = 1.0, CFI = 1.0, RMSEA = .02, IC 90% (0.00, 0.05)]. Los ítems discriminaron entre quienes intentaron el suicidio y quienes no lo habían intentado. La confiabilidad por Alfa de Cronbach para depresión fue .72 y .80 para riesgo de suicidio; Omega de McDonald fue de .82 y .94 respectivamente. Se concluye que la nueva versión reducida de nueve ítems de la escala de riesgo de suicidio de Plutchik, posee características psicométricas adecuadas y su uso es recomendado en la valoración del riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes colombianos. Se requieren más investigaciones en contextos latinoamericanos.
Abstract Plutchik's suicide risk scale has been widely used to assess suicide risk; however, studies on its psychometric properties in Colombian adolescents are unknown. The objective was to establish the adaptation, construct validity and reliability of the scale in Colombian adolescents in Colombian adolescents. An instrumental study was designed, in a sample made up of 481 adolescents with age between 13 and 20 years (M = 16.3, SD = 1.4), 46% corresponded to men. Exploratory Factor Analysis evaluated the construct validity and the number of factors was defined with the Horn Parallel Analysis and the adjustment with Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A reduced version of nine items was obtained grouped into two factors that explained 53% of the common variance and very good fit [Χ2S-B = 26.36, gl = 26, p = 0.34; NNFI = 1.0, CFI = 1.0, RMSEA = 0.02, IC 90% (0.00, 0.05)]. The items discriminated between those who attempted suicide and those who had not tried. Cronbach's alpha reliability for depression was .72 and .80 for suicidal risk, McDonald's Omega was .82 and .94 respectively. It is concluded that the new reduced version of nine items of the Plutchik suicide risk scale has adequate psychometric characteristics and its use is recommended in the assessment of suicide risk in colombian adolescents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Validation Study , Suicide , DepressionABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To explore the dimensionality of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) among Colombian college students. Methods A validation study was designed, involving the participation of a sample of 786 health science students (medicine, nursing, and psychology) aged between 18 and 27 (M=20.0, SD = 1.9). The participants completed the 21-item BDI. Internal consistency was calculated (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega) and dimensionality was demonstrated using factorial confirmatory analysis (CFA). Results The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was high (0.898) and the Bartlett's sphericity test gave excellent results (chi-square = 3,102.60; df = 210; p < 0.001). One-, two- and three-dimensional models were used. The unidimensional model performed best, representing 24.8% of the total variance, high internal consistency, a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and a McDonald's omega of 0.84. However, the CFA did not fit adequately (chi-square = 583.79; df = 189; p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.052, CI 90% 0.047-0.056, CFI = 0.87, TLI = 0.85 and SMSR = 0.04). Conclusions The best factor solution for the BDI is given by the unidimensional model, which presents high internal consistency. However, its adjustment in the CFA is not acceptable.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a dimensionalidade do Inventário de Depressão Beck (BDI). Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de validação envolvendo a participação de uma amostra de 786 estudantes de Ciências da Saúde (Medicina, Enfermagem, Psicologia) entre 18 e 27 anos, com idade média de 20,0 (DP = 1,9). Os participantes completaram o BDI de 21 itens. A consistência interna foi calculada (alpha de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald's) e a dimensionalidade foi demonstrada usando análise confirmatória fatorial (ACF). Resultados A medida Kaiser--Meyer-Olkin (KMO) da adequação da amostragem foi alta (0,898) e o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett foi excelente (qui-quadrado 3,102.60; df = 210; p < 0,001). Foram utilizados modelos uni, bi e tridimensionais. O modelo unidimensional foi o que melhor se apresentou estatisticamente, representando 24,8% da variância total, alta consistência interna, alpha de Cronbach de 0,83 e omega de McDonald's de 0,84. No entanto, o CFA não se ajustou adequadamente (qui-quadrado = 583,79; gl = 189; p < 0,001, RMSEA = 0,052, IC 90% 0,047-0,056, CFI = 0,87, TLI = 0,85 e SMSR = 0,04). Conclusões O modelo unidimensional mostrou-se como melhor solução, apresentando alta consistência interna. No entanto, seu ajuste no CFA não é aceitável.
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La evaluación del síndrome del burnout académico se ha hecho, tradicionalmente, a partir de la adaptación del MBI-General Survey (MBI-GS) al contexto académico colombiano, lo que se denomina MBI-Student Survey (MBI-SS). En ausencia de datos normativos propios, la mayoría de las investigaciones toman los datos normativos del MBI-GS para la interpretación de los resultados. El artículo examina la validez factorial del MBI-SS, la consistencia de las escalas planteadas y contrasta los resultados obtenidos en su aplicación a una muestra de 820 estudiantes de carreras del área de la salud en universidades de la costa Caribe colombiana con los planteados en la nota técnica que presenta los datos normativos. Los resultados indican un buen ajuste del instrumento a lo esperado, pero cuestionan los datos normativos utilizados para la interpretación de los resultados. Específicamente, los resultados muestran que la muestra presenta mayores niveles de agotamiento, menores niveles de cinísmo y similares niveles de autoeficacia que la muestra de trabajadores españoles. Se elaboran varias interpretaciones de los hallazgos.
The assessment of the academic burnout syndrome has been traditionally conducted by the MBI- General Survey (MBI-GS) in an academic context, which is called as the MBI-Student Survey (MBI-SS). Due to the lack of appropriate normative data, in order to interpret the results most of researches take the normative data from the MBI-GS. This article examines the factorial validity of MBI-SS findings, the reliability of the considered scales and compares the obtained results after conducting a survey to 820 students enrolled in the academic health field at universities in the Caribbean coast of Colombia, with the outline based on the technical mark that presents the normative data. The results indicate an efficient adjustment of the instrument, but question the normative data employed in order to carry out the interpretation of the results. Specifically, the results show a sample with higher levels of exhaustion, lower levels of cynicism and similar levels of self-efficacy than the sample of Spanish workers. Some interpretations of the results are discussed.
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Estudio de tipo descriptivo-comparativo y diseño transversal que tuvo por objetivo identificar y comparar las características de la inteligencia emocional (IE) en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios con y sin ideación suicida (IS). La muestra estuvo conformada por 22 sujetos con IS y 22 sujetos sin IS. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el TraidMeta MoodScaley el Inventario de ideación suicida de Beck. Los resultados indican diferencias significativas entre los grupos en el componente de atención (Z=-3.089, p=0.002), claridad (Z=-3.089, p=0.002) y reparación emocional (Z=-2.627 p=0.009). Se concluye que los sujetos con ideas suicidas reportan dificultades en habilidades emocionales necesarias para atender, comprender y regular emociones, contrario a lo que ocurre con quienes no presentan ideas de autolesión.
This is a comparative study of a descriptive and transversal type designed to identify the characteristics of emotional intelligence (EI) in a group of higher education students with and without suicidal ideation The sample consisted of 22 subjects with IS and 22 subjects without suicidal ideation . The instruments used were the Traid Meta Mood Scale and Beck's Suicide Ideation Inventory. The results indicated significant differences between groups in the care component (Z = -3.089, p = 0.002), clarity (Z = -3.089, p = 0.002) and emotional repair (Z = -2.627, p = 0.009). It was concluded that the sample of subjects without suicidal thoughts report better emotional skills compared with the IS group.
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Se indagó la relación del burnout académico y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el promedio académico de una muestra de 283 universitarios tomados al azar de los programas de psicología y fisioterapia de la jornada diurna de una universidad privada de Barranquilla, quienes respondieron al MBI-SS y a la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento-Modificada. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaban bajos niveles de burnout académico, sin embargo se corroboró que el alto Agotamiento y Cinismo, afectan negativamente el promedio académico; mientras que la Autoeficacia ante los estudios, lo favorecía significativamente, por lo que se establece una relación negativa entre burnout y el promedio académico. Dentro de las estrategias de afrontamiento más frecuentemente utilizadas por los estudiantes, se halló la de Solución de Problemas, la cual se asocia con resultados más favorables en el promedio académico.
The academic burnout might be accompanied of inadequate strategies of coping, contributing to the accentuation of difficulties in the GPA or academic performance. Taking into account the implications of these variables in the performance and the dropout rate at university level, is relevant to investigate the relationship of the academic burnout and coping strategies with the academic performance. A correlational study with a sample of 283 students of the programs of Psychology and Physical therapy of the daytime hours of a private university of Barranquilla, who answered to the MBI-SS and to the Scale of Strategies of Coping Modified (EEC-M) was conducted. The results showed that the majority of the students were presenting low levels of academic burnout. Nevertheless, it was corroborated that the high Exhaustion and Cynicism can negatively affect academic performance; on the contrary, the Self-efficacy to studies, favored it significantly; for what it is possible to establish a negative relation between burnout and the academic performance. Inside the strategies more frequently used by the students, it was found that those that use the one of Solution of Problems in university activities tend to obtain more favorable results in their academic performance.
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El artículo presenta una revisión de los principales conceptos del síndrome de burnout académico, su evolución y su delimitación conceptual con otros trastornos como depresión y ansiedad, así como también una revisión de los modelos teóricos del burnout en el ámbito laboral para su aplicación en el ámbito académico. Además, se contextualizan las variables asociadas a su desarrollo y sus consecuencias en el rendimiento académico y en la salud mental de estudiantes universitarios.
The article presents a review of the main concepts of academic burnout, its evolution and its conceptual boundaries with other disorders like depression and anxiety, as well as the revision of theoretical models of burnout in the workplace to apply in the academic field. In addition, contextualize the variables associated with its development and its impact on academic performance and mental health of university students.