Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study: a study on the safety and clinical efficacy of AZVUDINE in moderate COVID-19 patients.

Background: In 2019, a highly pathogenic coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surfaced and resulted in the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With the aim of finding effective drugs to fight against the disease, several trials have been conducted since COVID-19 can only be considered a treatable disease, from a clinical point of view, after the availability of specific and effective antivirals. AZVUDINE (FNC), initially developed for treating HIV, is a potential treatment for COVID-19 as it has the capability to lower the patient's viral load and promote recovery. Methods: Volunteers infected with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), with good kidney and liver function, who were not using other antivirals or monoclonal antibodies were eligible. Samples from patients were assessed for viral load every 48 h during treatment using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). Results: The study's primary outcome measure was the percentage of participants showing an improvement in clinical scores, while the secondary outcome measure was the percentage of participants with a clinical outcome of cure. These measures were used to assess the safety and efficacy of FNC for treating COVID-19. In the analysis of sociodemographic variables, no significant differences were detected between patients in the FNC and the placebo group for race, age group, or sex. The results showed a potential benefit to participants who received FNC during the study, as observed in the shorter hospital stay, shorter negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2, and a significant reduction in viral load. Furthermore, the reduction in fever and chills were significant at D1, D2, and D3. In this study, a total of 112 adverse events cases were noted, with 105 cases being categorized as non-serious and only 7 cases as serious adverse events. Conclusion: The pandemic is not being effectively controlled and is causing multiple waves of infection that require extensive medical resources. However, FNC has demonstrated potential to reduce the treatment duration of moderate COVID-19 cases, thereby saving significant medical resources. This makes FNC a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.Clinical trial registration: [clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT04668235].

Interventionist videothermometry: a new model of cardiac ischemia evaluation.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate, through videothermometry, the temperature variation in the hearts of rabbits, that underwent induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. RESULTS: A total of 20 female rabbits were divided into two groups: a treated group and a sham group, the treatment group underwent 5 min of cardiac arrest and reperfusion, using the inflow occlusion technique. Throughout the experiment, the animals were monitored by videothermometry, observing the thermal variations of the myocardial tissue. During the experiment, at different times, blood gas tests and tests to evaluate the lactate concentrations were performed. At the end of the experiment, each heart was submitted to histopathological evaluation. In the treated group, there was a reduction in temperature of the myocardial tissue during the circulatory arrest compared to the sham group. Additionally, a colder area next to the caudal vena cava ostium and the right atrium was observed. Notably, despite the 5 min of cardiac arrest in the treated group, both the lactate and bicarbonate levels were maintained without significant variation. However, there was an increase in PaCO2 and pH reduction, featuring respiratory acidosis. In relation to the histopathological study, the presence of hydropic degeneration in the myocardium of animals in the treated group was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the videothermometry was efficient in identifying the range of myocardial tissue temperature, suggesting that the first areas to suffer due to cardiac arrest were the caudal vena cava ostium and the right atrium. However, in regard to the angiographic coronary thermography, the study was not feasible due to the small size of the coronary. There was no variation between the groups regarding the presence of myocardial infarction, myocardial congestion, myocardial edema and myocardial hemorrhage.

Videothermometry to evaluate metabolic activity in real time during pneumectomy in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in rats, the open field videothermometry in real time while performing left pneumonectomy for early diagnosis of cardiopulmonary changes. METHODS: Twelve non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups; pneumectomy group (GP) and sham surgery group (GS). Mean arterial pressure, videothermometry in real time, of the right lung, and histopathological analysis of the remaining lung were evaluated in all animals. RESULTS: Videothermometry in real time allowed identification of temperature variance of right lung after pneumectomy, indicating a significant decrease in temperature during evaluation. There was a statistical difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2 and M0 and M2 (p<0.004) in GS, and significant difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2, and M2 and M0 with p<0.0001 in GP. CONCLUSIONS: Left pneumonectomy in rats shows initial histopathological changes after 60 minutes of its completion, indicating a possible compensation beginning. The open-field videothermometry in real time proved to be efficient identifying the temperature changes of the remaining lung.

Videothermometry to evaluate metabolic activity in real time during pneumectomy in rats

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate, in rats, the open field videothermometry in real time while performing left pneumonectomy for early diagnosis of cardiopulmonary changes. Methods: Twelve non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly allocated into two groups; pneumectomy group (GP) and sham surgery group (GS). Mean arterial pressure, videothermometry in real time, of the right lung, and histopathological analysis of the remaining lung were evaluated in all animals. Results: Videothermometry in real time allowed identification of temperature variance of right lung after pneumectomy, indicating a significant decrease in temperature during evaluation. There was a statistical difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2 and M0 and M2 (p<0.004) in GS, and significant difference between M0 and M1, M1 and M2, and M2 and M0 with p<0.0001 in GP. Conclusions: Left pneumonectomy in rats shows initial histopathological changes after 60 minutes of its completion, indicating a possible compensation beginning. The open-field videothermometry in real time proved to be efficient identifying the temperature changes of the remaining lung.