Cardiovascular Autonomic Responses to Aerobic, Resistance and Combined Exercises in Resistance Hypertensive Patients.

Here, we report the acute effects of aerobic (AER), resistance (RES), and combined (COM) exercises on blood pressure, central blood pressure and augmentation index, hemodynamic parameters, and autonomic modulation of resistant (RH) and nonresistant hypertensive (NON-RH) subjects. Twenty participants (10 RH and 10 NON-RH) performed three exercise sessions (i.e., AER, RES, and COM) and a control session. Hemodynamic (Finometer®, Beatscope), office blood pressure (BP), and autonomic variables (accessed through spectral analysis of the pulse-to-pulse BP signal, in the time and frequency domain-Fast Fourrier Transform) were assessed before (T0), one-hour (T1), and twenty-four (T2) hours after each experimental session. There were no changes in office BP, pulse wave behavior, and hemodynamic parameters after (T0 and T1) exercise sessions. However, AER and COM exercises significantly reduced sympathetic modulation in RH patients. It is worth mentioning that more significant changes in sympathetic modulation were observed after AER as compared to COM exercise. These findings suggest that office blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline levels in the first hour and remained stable in the 24 hours after the all-exercise sessions. Notably, our findings bring new light to the effects of exercise on RH, indicating that RH patients show different autonomic responses to exercise compared to NON-RH patients. This trial is registered with trial registration number NCT02987452.

The white coat effect is not associated with additional increase of target organ damage in true resistant hypertension

Background and objective: White coat effect (WCE) (i.e., the difference between office blood pressure [OBP] and awake ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) may be present in hypertensive individuals. The relationship between occurrence of WCE and target organ damage (TOD) has not yet been assessed in true resistant hypertension (RHTN). Patients and methods: RHTN patients were divided into two groups: RHTN with WCE (WCE, n=66) and RHTN without WCE (non-WCE, n=61). All patients were submitted to OBP measurement, ABPM, echocardiography and renal function evaluation in three visits. Results: No differences were observed between the WCE and non-WCE groups regarding age, body mass index or gender. OBP were 169.8±15.8/95.1±14.0 (WCE) and 161.9±9.0/90.1±10.4mmHg (non-WCE), ABPM=143.0±12.8/86.1±9.9 (WCE) and 146.1±13.6/85.1±14.9mmHg (non-WCE). No statistical differences were observed between WCE and non-WCE subgroups with respect to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (WCE=131±4.7; non-WCE=125±2.9g/m2), creatinine clearance (WCE=78±4.7; non-WCE=80±3.6ml/min/m2) and microalbuminuria (MA) (WCE=44±8.4; non-WCE=49±6.8mg/g Cr). Conclusions: This finding may suggest that WCE is not associated with additional increase of TOD in true RHTN subjects (AU)

Fundamento y objetivo: El efecto de bata blanca (EBB), es considerado cuando la diferencia entre la PAS/PAD medida en consulta médica y aquella obtenida por monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA) y puede estar presente durante la consulta médica en pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente (HTA-R). La relación entre la presencia del efecto bata blanca y daños en órganos diana aún no ha sido evaluada en individuos con HTA-R verdadera. Pacientes y método: En este estudio, sesenta y seis pacientes con HTA-R verdadera presentaron EBB y otros 61 no lo hicieron. A todos los sujetos se les practicó una monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial durante 24 horas (MAPA). La afectación de órganos diana se determinó mediante la realización de ecocardiograma y evaluación de la función renal. Resultados: Los valores de PAS y PAD en consulta médica fueron: 169,8±15,8/95,1±14,0 (pacientes con EBB) y 161,9±9,0/90,1±10,4mmHg (pacientes sin EBB), respectivamente y mediante MAPA los valores promedios de PAS y PAD de 24 horas fueron: 143,0±12,8/86,1±9,9 (pacientes con EBB) y 146,1±13,6/85,1±14,9 mmHg (pacientes sin EBB), respectivamente. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los pacientes con o sin EBB con respecto al índice de masa ventricular izquierda (con EBB=131±4,7; sin EBB=125±2,9g/m2), aclaramiento de creatinina (con EBB=78±4,7; sin EBB=80±3,6ml/min/m2) y microalbuminuria (con EBB=44±8,4; sin EBB=49±6,8mg/g Cr). Conclusiones: Este hallazgo sugiere que el EBB no se asocia a incremento adicional de daños en órganos diana en pacientes con HTA-R verdadera (AU)

The white coat effect is not associated with additional increase of target organ damage in true resistant hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: White coat effect (WCE) (i.e., the difference between office blood pressure [OBP] and awake ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) may be present in hypertensive individuals. The relationship between occurrence of WCE and target organ damage (TOD) has not yet been assessed in true resistant hypertension (RHTN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: RHTN patients were divided into two groups: RHTN with WCE (WCE, n=66) and RHTN without WCE (non-WCE, n=61). All patients were submitted to OBP measurement, ABPM, echocardiography and renal function evaluation in three visits. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the WCE and non-WCE groups regarding age, body mass index or gender. OBP were 169.8±15.8/95.1±14.0 (WCE) and 161.9±9.0/90.1±10.4mmHg (non-WCE), ABPM=143.0±12.8/86.1±9.9 (WCE) and 146.1±13.6/85.1±14.9mmHg (non-WCE). No statistical differences were observed between WCE and non-WCE subgroups with respect to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (WCE=131±4.7; non-WCE=125±2.9g/m(2)), creatinine clearance (WCE=78±4.7; non-WCE=80±3.6ml/min/m(2)) and microalbuminuria (MA) (WCE=44±8.4; non-WCE=49±6.8mg/g Cr). CONCLUSIONS: This finding may suggest that WCE is not associated with additional increase of TOD in true RHTN subjects.