Historia de la ventilación mecánica. De la Antigüedad a Copenhague 1952 / The history of mechanical ventilation

The aim of mechanical ventilation is to substitute physiological respiratory function. The boom of mechanical ventilation came during the XVIII century with the development of Reanimation Societies in Europe, who promoted the use of positive pressure ventilation modes. This type of ventilation caused new complications due to excessive positive pressure in the airway. Therefore, during the XIX century negative pressure ventilation predominated, which became essential during the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Positive pressure ventilation was relegated to operating rooms until 1952, when it was imposed over negative pressure ventilation during the Copenhagen polio epidemic. Björn Ibsen contributed significantly to this change of ventilation paradigm, which led to the latest ventilation strategies and the development of the actual intensive care units.

[The history of mechanical ventilation]. / Historia de la ventilación mecánica. De la Antigüedad a Copenhague 1952.

The aim of mechanical ventilation is to substitute physiological respiratory function. The boom of mechanical ventilation came during the XVIII century with the development of Reanimation Societies in Europe, who promoted the use of positive pressure ventilation modes. This type of ventilation caused new complications due to excessive positive pressure in the airway. Therefore, during the XIX century negative pressure ventilation predominated, which became essential during the second half of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century. Positive pressure ventilation was relegated to operating rooms until 1952, when it was imposed over negative pressure ventilation during the Copenhagen polio epidemic. Björn Ibsen contributed significantly to this change of ventilation paradigm, which led to the latest ventilation strategies and the development of the actual intensive care units.

Effects of Myofascial Release on Pressure Pain Thresholds in Patients With Neck Pain: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of myofascial release therapy (MRT) for improving pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and pain in patients with mechanical neck pain. DESIGN: Forty-one participants with neck pain were randomly allocated to either a MRT group (five sessions) or a physical therapy (PT) group (ten sessions) for 2 wks. The multimodal PT program included ultrasound therapy (US), transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, and massage. Visual analog scale (VAS) and PPTs in suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles were measured at baseline, at the end of treatment, and at 1 month follow-up. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, significant mean differences in VAS (-0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -1.82 to -0.16), in both left (0.28, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.50) and right (0.40, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.63) suboccipital PPTs and in the right trapezius PPT (0.38, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.69) were observed. At 1-month follow-up, significant mean differences were found for VAS (-1.85, 95% CI = -2.76 to -0.94) and both left (0.46, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.80) and right (0.38, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.69) suboccipital PPTs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that MRT could be better than a multimodal PT program for short-term improvement of pain and PPTs in patients with neck pain.

[Spanish medicine and surgery in the eighteenth century: the Royal College of Cadiz]. / La Medicina Española del siglo XVIII: el Real Colegio de Cirugía de Cádiz.

We revise the condition of Spanish Surgery and Medicine, at first half of XVIII century, to appraise the labour of Seniors Surgeons of the Navy, Juan Lacomba first and Pedro Virgili after, both creators of The Royal College of Surgery of Cádiz in 1748. This Institution making the renewal of medical and surgical knowledge in the second half of the eighteenth century. In base to original documentation, summarizes the methods and conditions of teaching, pupils, teachers of subjects, from "Clinical Sessions" (sensu lato), the Library, etc. We valued innovative creations of the Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, the Cabinet of Natural History and the first shipment of Collegiate Scholars abroad, the edition of new books on various medical, surgical, and other topics, and so on. This led, in 1791, the constitution of the "Miracle of Cádiz" which is just in a single "Carrera", in only one title and one professional to Medicine and Surgery being held in the College of Cádiz and is exported rapidly to the rest of the West. Which expresses the relation what José Celestino Mutis had with the Royal College, where he was to then develop their skills in New Granada, in Colombia today. The College published in Cádiz and in 1792, his Instruccion ... relativa de las especies y virtudes de la Quina [Instructions ... on the species and the virtues of Quina], which is the only publication during his life in Spanish peninsular territory.