The Role of Rv1476 in Regulating Stress Response and Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is related to many factors, including intracellular survival, cell wall permeability, and cell envelope proteins. However, the biological function of the M. tuberculosis membrane protein Rv1476 remains unclear. To investigate the potential role played by Rv1476, we constructed an Rv1476 overexpression strain and found that overexpression of Rv1476 enhanced the intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis, while having no impact on the growth rate in vitro. Stress experiments demonstrated that the Rv1476 overexpression strain displayed increased susceptibility to different stresses compared to the wild-type strain. Transcriptome analysis showed that Rv1476 overexpression causes changes in the transcriptome of THP-1 cells, and differential genes are mainly enriched in cell proliferation, fatty acid degradation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and immune response pathways. Rv1476 overexpression inhibited the expression of some anti-tuberculosis-related genes, such as CCL1, IL15, IL16, ISG15, GBP5, IL23, ATG2A, IFNß, and CSF3. Altogether, we conclude that Rv1476 may play a critical role for M. tuberculosis in macrophage survival.

Highly efficient and robust π-FISH rainbow for multiplexed in situ detection of diverse biomolecules.

In the unprecedented single-cell sequencing and spatial multiomics era of biology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies with higher sensitivity and robustness, especially for detecting short RNAs and other biomolecules, are greatly desired. Here, we develop the robust multiplex π-FISH rainbow method to detect diverse biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins, and neurotransmitters) individually or simultaneously with high efficiency. This versatile method is successfully applied to detect gene expression in different species, from microorganisms to plants and animals. Furthermore, we delineate the landscape of diverse neuron subclusters by decoding the spatial distribution of 21 marker genes via only two rounds of hybridization. Significantly, we combine π-FISH rainbow with hybridization chain reaction to develop π-FISH+ technology for short nucleic acid fragments, such as microRNA and prostate cancer anti-androgen therapy-resistant marker ARV7 splicing variant in circulating tumour cells from patients. Our study provides a robust biomolecule in situ detection technology for spatial multiomics investigation and clinical diagnosis.