Cochlear radiation dose and hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma undergoing radiosurgery: systematic review

Abstract Objectives: To determine the cut-off point of the cochlear radiation dose as a risk factor for hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma treated with radiosurgery. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed without language or publication year restrictions in the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS/VHL and Cochrane Library databases. Studies that met the following criteria were included: 1) population: adults of both sexes who underwent radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma treatment; 2) exposure: cochlear radiation; 3) outcome: hearing loss; 4) type of study: cohort. Two independent reviewers conducted the entire review process. The registration number in PROSPERO was CRD42020206128. Results: From the 333 articles identified in the searches, seven were included after applying the eligibility criteria. There was no standardization as to how to measure exposure or outcome in the included studies, and most studies did not present sufficient data to enable meta-analysis. Conclusion: It was not possible to determine a cut-off point for high cochlear dose that could be considered a risk factor for hearing loss.

Cochlear radiation dose and hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma undergoing radiosurgery: systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the cut-off point of the cochlear radiation dose as a risk factor for hearing loss in patients with vestibular schwannoma treated with radiosurgery. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed without language or publication year restrictions in the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS/VHL and Cochrane Library databases. Studies that met the following criteria were included: 1) population: adults of both sexes who underwent radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma treatment; 2) exposure: cochlear radiation; 3) outcome: hearing loss; 4) type of study: cohort. Two independent reviewers conducted the entire review process. The registration number in PROSPERO was CRD42020206128. RESULTS: From the 333 articles identified in the searches, seven were included after applying the eligibility criteria. There was no standardization as to how to measure exposure or outcome in the included studies, and most studies did not present sufficient data to enable meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: It was not possible to determine a cut-off point for high cochlear dose that could be considered a risk factor for hearing loss.

Audiological follow-up of children with congenital Zika syndrome.

How does the auditory function of children with congenital Zika syndrome present during the first three years of life? To determine the auditory function of children with congenital Zika syndrome during the first three years of life and estimate the frequency and long-term presentation of hearing loss in this syndrome, an auditory assessment with screening and diagnostic tests was conducted. The screening test consisted of measuring the short latency ABR using click stimuli. If the ABR click indicated hearing loss, confirmation was obtained with a frequency-specific ABR (FS-ABR), in which the stimuli were tone bursts at frequencies of 500 and 2000 Hz by bone and air conduction. This case series included 107 children with confirmed congenital Zika syndrome, and the cumulative incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in the first three years of life was 9.3% (10/107). There were no cases of delayed-onset or progressive deficits in hearing. Early presentation of sensorineural hearing loss seems to occur with a higher frequency in children with congenital Zika syndrome than in the general population. Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from congenital Zika virus infection does not appear to present with delayed onset or with progressive deficits.

Clinical and Radiological Profiles of COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Symptomatology: A Comparative Study.

Patients with COVID-19 can require radiological examination, with chest CT being more frequent than neuro-imaging. The objective is to identify epidemiological, clinical and radiological factors considered as predictors of neurological involvement in patients with COVID-19 assessed by neuroimaging and to describe the neuroimaging findings. This retrospective study was performed with 232 consecutive confirmed COVID-19 patients, from two radiological units, which were divided into two groups: (1) those who underwent a brain CT/MRI scan (n = 35) versus (2) those who did not undergo the brain CT/MRI scan, but underwent only chest CT (n = 197). There was a statistically significant difference with associations regarding the COVID-19 brain scan group for: admission to ICU, greater severity of lung injuries, the use of a mechanical ventilator and sepsis. Statistical tendency was found for chronic renal failure and systemic arterial hypertension. Forty-percent of COVID-19 patients from the brain scan group were abnormal on brain CT and/or brain MRI (22.9% of the cases with bleeding or microbleeding, 8.6% with restricted diffusion lesions). One ischemic stroke case was associated with irregularity at the M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery. There was a case of left facial nerve palsy with enhancement of the left geniculate ganglia. An analysis of the olfactory bulbs was possible in 12 brain MRIs and 100% had enhancement and/or microbleeding. In conclusion, a more severe COVID-19 disease from ICU, a more severe form of lung disease, the use of mechanical ventilator and sepsis were associated to the COVID-19 patients with neurological involvement who had undergone brain scans. Microvascular phenomenon was a frequent finding in the brain and olfactory bulbs evaluated by neuroimaging.

The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly.

Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia.

Avaliação da sintomatologia pré e pós-operatória de pacientes submetidos à turbinectomia inferior / Assessment of pre and postoperative symptomatology in patients undergoing inferior turbinectomy

A turbinectomia parcial inferior é um procedimento comumente realizado para tratamento da obstrução nasal secundária à rinite hipertrófica e não-responsiva a tratamento clínico. O presente trabalho procura avaliar o impacto desse tipo de procedimento na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, analisando a melhora dos sintomas de obstrução nasal, coriza, crises esternutatórias e prurido nasal após seis meses do procedimento cirúrgico. FORMA DE ESTUDO: clínico prospectico. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Quarenta e nove pacientes submetidos à turbinectomia parcial inferior associada ou não à septoplastia receberam questionários onde graduavam a intensidade dos sintomas supracitados. Por meio da comparação entre a intensidade dos sintomas no pré-operatório e os seis meses após a cirurgia foi possível avaliar o grau de melhora de cada sintoma. O resultado foi, então, classificado em nulo, bom, regular e ótimo, na dependência da subtração do escore após seis meses de cirurgia pelo escore pré-operatório. RESULTADOS: A obstrução nasal apresentou resultado bom ou ótimo em 98 por cento dos pacientes. Quanto à coriza, a cirurgia teve resultado bom ou ótimo em 49 por cento dos casos. As crises esternutatórias apresentaram estes resultados em 81,6 por cento e, com relação ao prurido nasal, 45 por cento dos pacientes obtiveram este índice de melhora. CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo mostra que os benefícios clínicos obtidos com a turbinectomia parcial inferior não se limitam a melhora da obstrução nasal, estendendo-se também a outros sintomas da rinopatia alérgica, notadamente no que se refere às crises esternutatórias.

Assessment of pre and postoperative symptomatology in patients undergoing inferior turbinectomy.

UNLABELLED: Partial inferior turbinectomy is a procedure directed to treat nasal obstruction secondary to hypertrophy rhinitis. This study evaluates the impact of this procedure in the quality of life of the patients, analyzing the improvement of other symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal itching and sneezing after six months of the surgical procedure. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-nine patients submitted to turbinectomy associated or not with septoplasty, received questionnaires to grade the intensity of symptoms. Through the comparison of severity of symptoms before and after six months of the surgery, it was possible to evaluate the degree of improvement of each symptom. The results were classified as null, good, moderate and great, and we subtracted postoperative score from the preoperative score. RESULTS: The nasal obstruction presented good or great results in 98% of the patients. For rhinorrhea, the surgery has resulted in good or great improvement in 49% of the cases. Sneezing presented good or great results in 81.6% of the patients and, nasal itching, 45%. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the clinical benefits obtained with the partial inferior turbinectomy are not limited to nasal obstruction, extending also to others symptoms of rhinitis, mainly in relation to sneezing crisis.

Profilaxia das otites médias de repetiçäo: um perfil brasileiro / Prophylaxis of recurrent otitis media: a brazilian profile

Os autores estudaram 60 crianças portadoras de otite média aguda de repetiçäo tratadas profilaticamente por meios clínicos. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos de 20, sendo que o primeiro grupo recebeu sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim, o segundo, amoxacilina e o terceiro, placebo. A profilaxia foi mantida por 90 dias, sendo os pacientes reavaliados ao final do primeiro, segundo e terceiro meses de tratamento. Da análise final dos dados obtidos, observou-se diferença significativa entre os resultados alcançados com os antimicrobianos e aqueles do grupo tratado com placebo. Entretanto, os dois antimicrobianos usados demonstraram eficácia semelhante