ABSTRACT
Trabalho infantil é toda forma de trabalho realizado por crianças e adolescentes, com consequências para o desenvolvimento infantil. O objetivo do estudo foi relatar uma ação extensionista na elaboração do fluxograma de atendimento para casos de trabalho infantil na 5ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná. A ação é parte integrante do Projeto de Extensão: Ações de combate e erradicação do trabalho infantil na 5ª Regional de Saúde do Estado do Paraná, resultado da parceria da Regional com a Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO) no ano 2019, e se desenvolveu a partir de oficinas com atores sociais de diversos setores da sociedade. O projeto ocorreu em três fases: oficinas municipais, oficinas microrregionais e fórum regional. O documento desenvolvido possui caráter multidirecional, traz ações de prevenção e esquematiza encaminhamentos. A ação proporcionou visão ampliada de um problema social e uma intervenção que possibilitará mudanças na qualidade de vida de uma região. (AU)
Child labor is any form of work performed by children and adolescents, with consequences for child development. The objective of the study was to report an action of an extension program in the elaboration of the care flowchart for cases of child labor in the 5th Regional Health Unit of the State of Paraná. The action is an integral part of the Extension Project: Actions to combat and eradicate child labor at the 5th Health Regional Unit of the State of Paraná, the result of a partnership between the Regional Unit and the State University of the Midwest (UNICENTRO) in 2019, and developed from workshops with social actors from different sectors of society. The project took place in three phases: municipal workshops, micro-regional workshops and regional forum. The document developed has a multidirectional character, includes prevention actions, and outlines referrals. The action provided an expanded view of a social problem and an intervention that will enable changes in the quality of life in a region. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Labor , Community-Institutional Relations , Human RightsABSTRACT
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), an emerging zoonosis that has been associated with economic losses and social effects. Despite increasing reports of BV outbreaks in Brazil, little is known about the biological interactions of Brazilian VACV (VACV-BR) isolates during coinfections; furthermore, there are no tools for the diagnosis of these coinfections. In this study, a tool to co-detect two variants of VACV was developed to provide new information regarding the pathogenesis, virulence profile, and viral spread during coinfection with VACV-BR isolates. To test the quantitative polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) tool, groups of BALB/c mice were intranasally monoinfected with Pelotas virus 1-Group II (PV1-GII) and Pelotas virus 2-Group I (PV2-GI), or were coinfected with PV1-GII and PV2-GI. Clinical signs of the mice were evaluated and the viral load in lung and spleen were detected using simultaneous polymerase chain reactions (PCR) targeting the A56R (hemagglutinin) gene of VACV. The results showed that qPCR for the quantification of viral load in coinfection was efficient and highly sensitive. Coinfected mice presented more severe disease and a higher frequency of VACV detection in lung and spleen, when compared to monoinfected groups. This study is the first description of PV1 and PV2 pathogenicity during coinfection in mice, and provides a new method to detect VACV-BR coinfections.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Coinfection/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vaccinia virus/physiology , Vaccinia/veterinary , Animals , Brazil , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/virology , Coinfection/diagnosis , Coinfection/virology , Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Vaccinia/diagnosis , Vaccinia/virology , Vaccinia virus/classification , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Vaccinia virus/pathogenicity , Viral Load , VirulenceABSTRACT
Natural infections of Vaccinia virus (VACV)-the prototype species of the Orthopoxvirus genus, from the family Poxviridae and subfamily Chordopoxvirinae-cause an occupational emergent zoonotic disease that is primarily associated with the handling of infected dairy cattle. In humans, VACV infection is characterized by skin lesions, primarily on the hands, and accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, myalgia, headache, and lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of VACV is usually performed according to the methods described for other orthopoxviruses. This unit describes the methods utilized to obtain clinical samples, the serological and molecular techniques used for diagnosis, and the isolation methods and techniques used for molecular and biological characterization of the viruses. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purification , Vaccinia/diagnosis , Vaccinia/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/virology , Humans , Vaccinia/virology , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Vaccinia virus/physiologyABSTRACT
The gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates harbors one of the most complex ecosystems known in microbial ecology and this indigenous microbiota almost always has a profound influence on host-parasite relationships, which can enhance or reduce the pathology of the infection. In this context, the impact of the microbiota during the infection of several viral groups remains poorly studied, including the family Poxviridae. Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a member of this family and is the causative agent of bovine vaccinia, responsible for outbreaks that affect bovines and humans. To determine the influence of the microbiota in the development of the disease caused by VACV, a comparative study using a murine model was performed. Germ-free and conventional, 6- to 7-week-old Swiss NIH mice were infected by tail scarification and intranasally with VACV. Moreover, immunosuppression and microbiota reposition were performed, to establish the interactions among the host's immune system, microbiota and VACV. The data demonstrate that the microbiota is essential for the effective immune response of mice against VACV in intranasal inoculation and to control the virus at the primary site of infection. Furthermore, this study is the first to show that Swiss conventional mice are refractory to the intranasal infection of VACV.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology , Microbiota/immunology , Vaccinia virus/immunology , Vaccinia/immunology , Animals , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/immunology , Cattle Diseases/virology , Humans , Mice , Vaccinia/virologyABSTRACT
Vaccinia virus (VACV) has had an important role for humanity because of its use during the smallpox eradication campaign. VACV is the etiologic agent of the bovine vaccinia (BV), an emerging zoonosis that has been associated with economic, social, veterinary and public health problems, mainly in Brazil and India. Despite the current and historical VACV importance, there is little information about its circulation, prevalence, origins and maintenance in the environment, natural reservoirs and diversity. Brazilian VACV (VACV-BR) are grouped into at least two groups based on genetic and biological diversity: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2). In this study, we went to the field and investigated VACV clonal diversity directly from exanthemous lesions, during BV outbreaks. Our results demonstrate that the G1 VACV-BR were more frequently isolated. Furthermore, we were able to co-detect the two variants (G1 and G2) in the same sample. Molecular and biological analysis corroborated previous reports and confirmed the co-circulation of two VACV-BR lineages. The detected G2 clones presented exclusive genetic and biological markers, distinct to reference isolates, including VACV-Western Reserve. Two clones presented a mosaic profile, with both G1 and G2 features based on the molecular analysis of A56R, A26L and C23L genes. Indeed, some SNPs and INDELs in A56R nucleotide sequences were observed among clones of the same virus population, maybe as a result of an increased mutation rate in a mixed population. These results provide information about the diversity profile in VACV populations, highlighting its importance to VACV evolution and maintenance in the environment.
Subject(s)
Cowpox/virology , Genetic Variation , Vaccinia virus/classification , Vaccinia virus/genetics , Animals , Body Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Cattle , Cowpox/epidemiology , Cowpox/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Genotype , Male , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purification , VirulenceABSTRACT
Os procedimentos estéticos indiretos minimamente invasivos tornaram-se realidade no consultório dos profissionais especializados. A execução dos laminados com espessura reduzida requer, primeiramente, um minucioso planejamento inicial, para que as fases subsequentes sejam efetivas e previsíveis. O presente caso descreve toda a sequência de trabalho para a obtenção de resultados estéticos com harmonia e naturalidade.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Dental Veneers , Esthetics, Dental , Gingiva/surgery , SmilingABSTRACT
Nessa edição, abordaremos técnicas de preparo e provisórios, com ênfase nos procedimentos de laminados cerâmicos (facetas indiretas).
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Composite Resins , Dental Veneers , Esthetics, Dental , Dental VeneersABSTRACT
Paciente procurou a clínica do Curso de Mestrado do CPO São Leopoldo Mandic queixando-se da estética dos dentes anterossuperiores. Após anamnese, exame clínico e radiográfico, foram observadas inadequadas restaurações diretas em resina composta, utilizadas para ocultar danos causados por fluorose e para transformar caninos em incisivos laterais devido agenesia destes dentes. Nesta mesma sessão foi realizado protocolo de fotografias iniciais e a obtenção de modelos de estudo. O tratamento planejado foi cirurgia periodontal estética dos dentes 15 a 25 e instalação de laminados cerâmicos nestes elementos dentais. Todo o tratamento foi guiado por planejamento digital (DSD) e enceramento diagnóstico garantindo uma boa previsibilidade do resultado estético e funcional final
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Anodontia , Clinical Protocols , Dental Clinics , Esthetics, Dental , Fluorosis, Dental , Incisor/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Essa coluna tem por objetivo uma abordagem de novas técnicas e opções clinicolaboratoriais de planejamento e execução de restaurações indiretas cerâmicas em dentes anteriores. A coluna será dividida em 4 edições, de acordo com a seguinte ordem: 1) Fotografia / Enceramento / Mock-up. 2) Preparos e provisórios. 3) Moldagem e comunicação laboratorial. 4) Cimentação adesiva cerâmica. Essa primeira edição abordará o planejamento inicial fotográfico para análise estética, destacando, também, os procedimentos de enceramento diagnóstico e ensaio restaurador (mock-up).
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Prosthesis , Esthetics, Dental , Photography, Dental , Dental Restoration, Permanent/methodsABSTRACT
A integração de especialidades na Odontologia tem sido um recurso comumente utilizado na busca pela otimização estética e funcional dos mais variados casos clínicos. Essa multidisciplinaridade, associada à evolução das resinas compostas e de suas técnicas de utilização, proporciona aos cirurgiões dentistas a oportunidade de reproduzir com grande fidelidade os dentes naturais. O presente trabalho descreve casos clínicos multidisciplinares, expondo diferentes soluções para os diastemas dentários anteriores, ressaltando princípios estéticos para obter naturalidade no procedimento restaurador direto
The specialties integration in Dentistry has been a feature commonly used in the search for aesthetic and functional optimization in a variety of clinical cases. This multidisciplinary approach, associated with the development of composite resins and their techniques of use, gives dentists the opportunity to reproduce with great fidelity the natural teeth. This paper describes multidisciplinary clinical cases, exposing different solutions to anterior dental spaces, emphasizing aesthetic principles to achieve naturally in direct restorative procedure