ABSTRACT
Antineoplastic chemotherapy (CT) represents the systemic treatment of malignant tumors. It can be used alone or combined with surgery and / or radiotherapy. The cytotoxic agents used in chemotherapy work on both cancerous cells and noncancerous cells of the body, generally resulting in high toxicity. The biological aggressiveness of chemotherapy particularly affects rapidly replicating cells, such as those of the digestive tract, resulting in adverse effects that impair food intake, leading to compromised nutritional status and which may lead to cachexia. The main toxic effects of chemotherapy in the gastrointestinal tract include nausea, vomiting -these are the most frequent- constipation, diarrhea, xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia and anorexia. Given the high frequency of such effects, nutritional intervention should be an integral part of cancer treatment, to maintain and/or improve the patient's nutritional status and reduce or minimize the side effects caused by treatment. Accordingly, the goal of this study is to review dietetic conduct in the process of caring for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diet therapy , Anorexia/chemically induced , Anorexia/diet therapy , Constipation/chemically induced , Constipation/diet therapy , Deglutition Disorders/chemically induced , Deglutition Disorders/diet therapy , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Diarrhea/diet therapy , Humans , Nausea/chemically induced , Nausea/diet therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nutritional Status , Stomatitis/chemically induced , Stomatitis/diet therapy , Vomiting/chemically induced , Vomiting/diet therapy , Xerostomia/chemically induced , Xerostomia/diet therapyABSTRACT
Antineoplastic chemotherapy (CT) represents the systemic treatment of malignant tumors. It can be used alone or combined with surgery and / or radiotherapy. The cytotoxic agents used in chemotherapy work on both cancerous cells and noncancerous cells of the body, generally resulting in high toxicity. The biological aggressiveness of chemotherapy particularly affects rapidly replicating cells, such as those of the digestive tract, resulting in adverse effects that impair food intake, leading to compromised nutritional status and which may lead to cachexia. The main toxic effects of chemotherapy in the gastrointestinal tract include nausea, vomiting -these are the most frequent- constipation, diarrhea, xerostomia, mucositis, dysphagia and anorexia. Given the high frequency of such effects, nutritional intervention should be an integral part of cancer treatment, to maintain nd/or improve the patients nutritional status and reduce or minimize the side effects caused by treatment. Accordingly, the goal of this study is to review dietetic conduct in the process of caring for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy (AU)
La quimioterapia (QT) representa el tratamiento antineoplásico sistémico de los tumores malignos. Puede ser utilizada solo o combinada con la cirugía y / o radioterapia. Los agentes quimioterápicos actúan en las células cancerosas y las células normales del cuerpo, siendo por lo general muy tóxicos. La agresividad de la quimioterapia afecta especialmente rápida replicación celular en el tracto digestivo, dando lugar a efectos adversos que impiden la ingesta de alimentos, dando lugar al estado nutricional comprometido y puede conducir a la caquexia. Los principales efectos tóxicos de la quimioterapia, el tracto gastrointestinal, como náuseas, vómitos -estos son los más frecuentes- estreñimiento, diarrea, sequedad deboca, mucositis disfagia y anorexia. Dada la alta frecuencia de tales efectos, la intervención nutricional debe ser parte integral del tratamiento del cáncer, para mantener y/o mejorar el estado nutricional del paciente y reducir ominimizar los efectos secundarios del tratamiento. En efecto, la revisión de la dietética conducta en el proceso de cuidar de los pacientes en quimioterapia contra el cánceres el objetivo de este trabajo (AU)
