ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Incidence of human leishmaniasis in Castellón is among the highest in Spain. In order to know epidemiologic situation of leishmaniasis, human incidence, Phlebotomus' presence and canine reservoir were studied. METHODS: The study was carried out during 1989-1990, and included review of different registers of cases and glucantime use, Phlebotomus catching, and leishmaniasis serology (immunofluorescent test, IFT) of dogs from municipal kennel and rabies vaccine programme. RESULTS: Hospitals' underreporting visceral leishmaniasis was noted. Glucantime's distribution permitted identification of some no reported cases. 2267 sandflies were caught, which 196 were vectors: P. perniciosus (182), P. sergenti (6), P. papatasi (4) and P. ariasi (4). Dog's prevalence of leishmaniasis (IFT > or = 1/80) was 5.1% (CI 95%: 1.1-9.1) in dogs fron the municipal kennel, and 0% in dogs from the vaccine programme. CONCLUSIONS: Human leishmaniasis is hypoendemic in Castellón, with a low-middle rank in canine leishmaniasis. Entomologic results agree with other spanish studies. However, P. sergenti and P. ariasi were not described in Catellón until now. Leishmaniasis surveillance should be maintained.
Subject(s)
Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Insect Vectors , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Phlebotomus , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Animals , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Reservoirs/statistics & numerical data , Dog Diseases/immunology , Dog Diseases/transmission , Dogs , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Leishmania/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The risk of infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in institutions for children with deficiencies has been established in several studies. The purpose of this work was to know the prevalence of HBV markers, among the employees in an institution of that kind, and its association with several risk factors. METHODS: A transveral epidemiologic survey has been carried out to determine the markers prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its association with certain risk factors, among the 200 workers of an institution for children with deficiencies. Determinations, by radioimmunoassay were: HBs Ag, anti-HBs and anti HBe. RESULTS: The participation was 95%, with a prevalence of any marker of 7.9% (IC95 + 4.1-11.7). No HBs Ag carriers were detected, taking occupation as an indicator variable with three categories: Trades and auxiliary health personnel versus teachers, the logistic regression analysis showed odds ratios, adjusted for age, sex and working time, for trades and auxiliary health personnel, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination is the preventive recommendation for HBV in these institutions, because of the difficulty to find other factors associated to HBV. The possibility of introducing a universal vaccination is controversial.
Subject(s)
Child Welfare , Health Personnel , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis B/transmission , Prevalence , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Sex Factors , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In May 1989, a foodborne outbreak of acute gastroenteritis was identified in a state school in Adzaneta, Castellón. A dtudy was undertaken to describe it, investigate its causes, and recommend adequate control measures. Sixteen children and 2 teachers were affected (attack rate: 28.57%). Kaplan and cols clinical and epidemiological criteria for Norwalk-like virus as the responsible agent were present. The probable origin of the outbreak was a foodhandler who was already ill beforehand. The examination of stools of the foodhandler and a patient showed small round structures similar to the Norwalk virus. In Spain, the number of foodborne outbreaks without known causal agent has steadily increased in recent years. It may be that this microorganism is responsible for some of these outbreaks in which, for several reasons, the causal agent cannot be identified.