Reemplazo renal continuo precoz en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardiovascular / Early Continuous Renal Replacement in the Postoperative Period after Cardiovascular Surgery

Introducción: La terapia de reemplazo renal continua es un procedimiento novedoso que se aplica al tratamiento de la falla renal aguda en el paciente grave, así como del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica. Se aplica de preferencia en aquellos pacientes que cursan con deterioro hemodinámico en los cuales el tratamiento dialítico intermitente puede ser perjudicial por la relativa rapidez con que se produce el recambio. No obstante, no existe consenso en cuanto a su uso precoz. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de un paciente grave en la que se realizó terapia de reemplazo renal continua precoz. Presentación de caso: Paciente de 48 años de edad, con antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica grado V, en régimen de hemodiálisis intermitente, hipertensión arterial y obesidad, que ingresó a la unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiovasculares del Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras", en el posoperatorio inmediato y complicado de cirugía de sustitución valvular aórtica; en la cual la terapia de reemplazo renal continua precoz, resultó ser eficiente para el tratamiento de la falla renal crónica agudizada, ya que permitió mantener un buen control de la hemodinámica del medio interno y la volemia. Conclusiones: La experiencia mostrada aporta elementos a favor de la seguridad del tratamiento, que lo hace recomendable en el paciente grave poscirugía cardiovascular, como parte del arsenal terapéutico a utilizar(AU)

Introduction: continuous renal replacement therapy is a novel procedure that is applied to the treatment of acute renal failure in critically ill patients, as well as systemic inflammatory response syndrome. It is preferably applied in those patients with hemodynamic deterioration in whom intermittent dialysis treatment can be harmful due to the relative speed with which replacement occurs. However, there is no consensus regarding its early use. Objective: to present the case of a seriously ill patient who underwent early continuous renal replacement therapy. Case report: a 48-year-old patient, with a history of grade V chronic kidney disease, on an intermittent hemodialysis regimen, high blood pressure and obesity, who was admitted to the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in the immediate postoperative period and complicated by aortic valve replacement surgery; in which early continuous renal replacement therapy turned out to be efficient for the treatment of acute chronic renal failure, since it allowed maintaining good control of hemodynamics, the internal environment and blood volume. Conclusions: the experience shown provides elements in favor of the safety of the treatment, which makes it recommendable in the seriously ill patient after cardiovascular surgery, as part of the therapeutic arsenal to be used(AU)

A survey: Understanding the health and perspectives of people with CF not benefiting from CFTR modulators.

BACKGROUND: While the advent of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator use has improved daily life and long-term prognosis of CF for many with approved CFTR mutations, approximately 10% of people with CF (pwCF) have only symptomatic treatments available. METHODS: Between June 10 and July 1, 2021, Emily's Entourage distributed a 38-question anonymous survey targeted at pwCF not benefitting from approved modulators via social media and email to pwCF and CF advocacy groups in and outside the United States regarding health status, impact of CF, unmet needs, and clinical research interest. RESULTS: There were 431 survey respondents representing pwCF on five continents. The majority of pwCF had moderate lung disease (50.3%). Ineligibility based on CFTR mutation (64.1%) was the most frequently reported reason pwCF were not on modulators. PwCF reported the most impacted aspects of life were mental (66.7%) and physical (40.7%) health. Financial concerns and feelings of isolation were commonly reported. Witnessing improvements for peers with access to modulators was both uplifting and disheartening. The majority of pwCF would be interested in participating in future clinical research (77.6%), although some living outside of the United States cited lack of opportunity to participate in clinical trials as a barrier. CONCLUSIONS: PwCF who are ineligible, intolerant, or lack access to modulators have a high burden of disease impacting their physical and mental health. Although most are happy for those who are benefiting from modulators, they are eager for the opportunity to experience similar improvements for themselves, and willing to participate in clinical trials of new therapies.

Mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Brazil and its geographical regions: analyzing the effect of age-period-cohort. / Mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e suas regiões geográficas: análise do efeito da idade-período-coorte.

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of age-period and cohort (APC) of birth on mortality for acute myocardial infarction in Brazil and its geographic regions, according to sex in the period from 1980 to 2009. The data was extracted from the Mortality Information System and was corrected and adjusted by means of proportional redistribution of records with sex and age ignored, ill-defined causes, and corrections were made based on the death sub-register. The APC was calculated using the Poisson regression model with estimable functions. The APC analysis on both sexes and in all regions of the country showed gradual reductions in the risk of death in birth cohorts from the decade of the 1940s, except in the Northeast. In this region, there have been progressive increases in the risk of death from the late 1940s for both sexes. This was up until the 1950s for men and the 1960s for women. It was concluded that the observed differences in the risk of death in Brazilian regions is the result of socio-economic inequalities and poor access to health services within the Brazilian territory, favoring early mortality for this cause especially in poorer areas.

Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da idade-período e coorte (APC) de nascimento na mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e regiões geográficas, segundo sexo, no período de 1980 a 2009. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade e foram corrigidos e ajustados, por meio da redistribuição proporcional dos registros com sexo e idade ignorados, causas mal definidas, e também se realizou a correção do sub-registro de morte. O APC foi calculado pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson, utilizando funções estimáveis. A análise APC nos dois sexos e em todas as regiões do país evidenciou progressiva redução no risco de morte nas coortes de nascimento a partir da década de 1940, exceto na região nordeste. Nessa região, verificou-se aumento progressivo do risco de morte a partir da década de 1940 para ambos os sexos, até a década de 1950 para os homens e a década de 1960 para as mulheres. Concluiu-se que as diferenças observadas no risco de morte nas regiões brasileiras é fruto das desigualdades socioeconômicas e de acesso aos serviços de saúde existente no território brasileiro, favorecendo a mortalidade precoce por essa causa sobretudo em localidades mais pobres.

Mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e suas regiões geográficas: análise do efeito da idade-período-coorte / Mortality due to acute myocardial infarction in Brazil and its geographical regions: analyzing the effect of age-period-cohort

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da idade-período e coorte (APC) de nascimento na mortalidade por infarto agudo do miocárdio no Brasil e regiões geográficas, segundo sexo, no período de 1980 a 2009. Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema de Informação Sobre Mortalidade e foram corrigidos e ajustados, por meio da redistribuição proporcional dos registros com sexo e idade ignorados, causas mal definidas, e também se realizou a correção do sub-registro de morte. O APC foi calculado pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson, utilizando funções estimáveis. A análise APC nos dois sexos e em todas as regiões do país evidenciou progressiva redução no risco de morte nas coortes de nascimento a partir da década de 1940, exceto na região nordeste. Nessa região, verificou-se aumento progressivo do risco de morte a partir da década de 1940 para ambos os sexos, até a década de 1950 para os homens e a década de 1960 para as mulheres. Concluiu-se que as diferenças observadas no risco de morte nas regiões brasileiras é fruto das desigualdades socioeconômicas e de acesso aos serviços de saúde existente no território brasileiro, favorecendo a mortalidade precoce por essa causa sobretudo em localidades mais pobres.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of age-period and cohort (APC) of birth on mortality for acute myocardial infarction in Brazil and its geographic regions, according to sex in the period from 1980 to 2009. The data was extracted from the Mortality Information System and was corrected and adjusted by means of proportional redistribution of records with sex and age ignored, ill-defined causes, and corrections were made based on the death sub-register. The APC was calculated using the Poisson regression model with estimable functions. The APC analysis on both sexes and in all regions of the country showed gradual reductions in the risk of death in birth cohorts from the decade of the 1940s, except in the Northeast. In this region, there have been progressive increases in the risk of death from the late 1940s for both sexes. This was up until the 1950s for men and the 1960s for women. It was concluded that the observed differences in the risk of death in Brazilian regions is the result of socio-economic inequalities and poor access to health services within the Brazilian territory, favoring early mortality for this cause especially in poorer areas.

Trends and predictions for gastric cancer mortality in Brazil.

AIM: To analyze the effect of age-period and birth cohort on gastric cancer mortality, in Brazil and across its five geographic regions, by sex, in the population over 20 years of age, as well as make projections for the period 2010-2029. METHODS: An ecological study is presented herein, which distributed gastric cancer-related deaths in Brazil and its geographic regions. The effects of age-period and birth cohort were calculated by the Poisson regression model and projections were made with the age-period-cohort model in the statistical program R. RESULTS: Progressive reduction of mortality rates was observed in the 1980's, and then higher and lower mortality rates were verified in the 2000's, for both sexes, in Brazil and for the South, Southeast and Midwest regions. A progressive decrease in mortality rates was observed for the Northeast (both sexes) and North (men only) regions within the period 1995-1999, followed by rising rates. CONCLUSION: Regional differences were demonstrated in the mortality rates for gastric cancer in Brazil, and the least developed regions of the country will present increases in projected mortality rates.

Analysis of synthetic cathinones and associated psychoactive substances by ion mobility spectrometry.

Synthetic cathinones are a class of designer drugs that have captured the attention of researchers and law enforcement agencies around the world. Driven by heightening legal restrictions, this class of drugs now encompasses a large number of psychoactive substances. The detection and characterization of these drugs is complicated by the ever-growing size of the cathinone family. This has fueled the development of unambiguous identification of these drugs in various matrices. There are, however, very few methods reported for improving presumptive screening of seized materials. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the standard (63)Ni ionization ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technique for the screening and identification of representative cathinones and associated psychoactive compounds. We discuss the effectiveness of the instrument as a screening tool for cathinones by the analyses of 13 typical cathinone products marketed as "bath salts". Our results show that the ion mobility spectrometer is an acceptable rapid and efficient screening tool for cathinones, positively detecting at least one cathinone in 77% of the samples tested. In addition, we describe an electrospray ionization (ESI) high performance IMS (HPIMS) method for these compounds. The method offers advantages in direct sample ionization and higher resolution. Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to the HPIMS technique gives the added benefit of identification of ion peaks in products with mixtures of closely related cathinones.

High-performance ion mobility spectrometry with direct electrospray ionization (ESI-HPIMS) for the detection of additives and contaminants in food.

High-performance ion mobility spectrometry (HPIMS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source detected a series of food contaminants and additive compounds identified as critical to monitoring the safety of food samples. These compounds included twelve phthalate plasticizers, legal and illegal food and cosmetic dyes, and artificial sweeteners that were all denoted as detection priorities. HPIMS separated and detected the range of compounds with a resolving power better than 60 in both positive and negative ion modes, comparable to the commonly used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, but with most acquisition times under a minute. The reduced mobilities, K0, have been determined, as have the linear response ranges for ESI-HPIMS, which are 1.5-2 orders of magnitude for concentrations down to sub-ng µL(-1) levels. At least one unique mobility peak was seen for two subsets of the phthalates grouped by the country where they were banned. Furthermore, ESI-HPIMS successfully detected low nanogram levels of a phthalate at up to 30 times lower concentration than international detection levels in both a cola matrix and a soy-based bubble tea beverage using only a simplified sample treatment. A newly developed direct ESI source (Directspray) was combined with HPIMS to detect food-grade dyes and industrial dye adulterants, as well as the sweeteners sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate, with the same good performance as with the phthalates. However, the Directspray method eliminated sources of carryover and decreased the time between sample runs. Limits-of-detection (LOD) for the analyte standards were estimated to be sub-ng µL(-1) levels without extensive sample handling or preparation.