Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake estimated from a 7-question survey identifies pregnancies most likely to benefit from high-dose DHA supplementation.

BACKGROUND: Two randomized trials found women with low blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; an omega 3 fatty acid) had fewer early preterm births (<34 weeks gestation) if they were assigned to high dose DHA supplementation, however, there is currently no capacity for clinicians who care for pregnancies to obtain a blood assessment of DHA. Determining a way to identify women with low DHA intake whose risk could be lowered by high dose DHA supplementation is desired. OBJECTIVE: To determine if assessing DHA intake can identify pregnancies that benefit from high dose DHA supplementation. STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis used birth data from 1310 pregnant women who completed a 7-question food frequency questionnaire (DHA-FFQ) at 16.8 ± 2.5 weeks gestation that is validated to assess DHA status. They were then randomly assigned to a standard (200 mg/day) or high dose (800 or 1000 mg/day) DHA supplement for the remainder of pregnancy. Bayesian logistic regressions were fitted for early preterm birth and preterm birth as a function of DHA intake and assigned DHA dose. RESULTS: Participants who consumed less than 150 mg/day DHA prior to 20 weeks' gestation (n = 810/1310, 58.1%) had a lower Bayesian posterior probability (pp) of early preterm birth if they were assigned to high dose DHA supplementation (1.4% vs 3.9%, pp = 0.99). The effect on preterm birth (<37 weeks) was also significant (11.3% vs 14.8%, pp = 0.97). CONCLUSION: The DHA-FFQ can identify pregnancies that will benefit most from high dose DHA supplementation and reduce the risk of preterm birth. The DHA-FFQ is low burden to providers and patients and could be easily implemented in obstetrical practice.

Validation of an abbreviated food frequency questionnaire for estimating DHA intake of pregnant women in the United States.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was estimated in pregnant women between 12- and 20-weeks' gestation using the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Diet History Questionnaire-II (DHQ-II) and a 7-question screener designed to capture DHA intake (DHA Food Frequency Questionnaire, DHA-FFQ). Results from both methods were compared to red blood cell phospholipid DHA (RBC-DHA) weight percent of total fatty acids. DHA intake from the DHA-FFQ was more highly correlated with RBC-DHA (rs=0.528) than the DHQ-II (rs=0.352). Moreover, the DHA-FFQ allowed us to obtain reliable intake data from 1355 of 1400 participants. The DHQ-II provided reliable intake for only 847 of 1400, because many participants only partially completed it and it was not validated for Hispanic participants. Maternal age, parity, and socioeconomic status (SES) were also significant predictors of RBC-DHA. When included with estimated intake from the DHA-FFQ, the model accounted for 36% of the variation in RBC-DHA.

Assessment of the impact of changes in temperature in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) melanic and albino variants infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) / Avaliação de impacto de alterações na temperatura em Biomphalaria glabrata variantes melânica e albina infectadas com Schistosoma mansoni

Abstract Fluctuations in population density of planorbid hosts of S. mansoni are influenced by climatic factors. The knowledge about interference from changes in water temperature in these populations is an important aspect of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. In this experiment, it is explored the influence of different temperatures on the development of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata melanic and albino variants. The results indicated an intrinsic relationship between temperature and development of the parasite in the intramollusc phase, independent of the pigmentation of the mantle of the molluscs. The higher the temperature, the shorter the period necessary for the development of the parasite was while the higher the mortality of infected mollusks. It is concluded that, in the presence of climate change, the increasement of temperature in cold and flooded regions may encourage the establishment of new foci of transmission of schistosomiasis by changing the geographic extent and extending the epidemiological transmission potential. In warm climates, higher temperatures, however, could compromise the transmission of the disease because of biological stress suffered by parasite and host. Under these conditions, it can result in the death of the parasite or a change in their ability to infect new host species of molluscs in new areas. Mantle pigmentation patterns in molluscs have not shown significant interference in the development of the parasite.

Resumo Flutuações na densidade populacional de planorbídeos hospedeiros do S. mansoni são influenciadas por fatores climáticos. O conhecimento sobre a interferência de alterações na temperatura da água nestas populações é um aspecto importante da epidemiologia da esquistossomose. Neste experimento avaliou-se a influência de diferentes temperaturas no desenvolvimento de Schistosoma mansoni em Biomphalaria glabrata variantes melânica e albina. Os resultados indicaram uma relação intrínseca entre temperatura e desenvolvimento do parasito na fase intramolusco, independente da pigmentação do manto dos moluscos. Quanto mais elevada a temperatura, menor o período necessário para desenvolvimento do parasito e maior mortalidade dos moluscos infectados. Conclui-se que, na presença de alterações climáticas, o aumento da temperatura em regiões frias e alagadas poderá favorecer o estabelecimento de novos focos de transmissão da esquistossomose alterando a extensão geográfica e ampliando o potencial epidemiológico da transmissão. Em regiões de clima quente, o aumento da temperatura, por sua vez, poderá comprometer a transmissão da doença em virtude do estresse biológico sofrido por parasito e hospedeiro. Nestas condições, poderá ocorrer a morte do parasito ou uma alteração na sua habilidade de infectar novas espécies de moluscos hospedeiros em novas áreas. Padrões de pigmentação do manto nos moluscos não demonstraram interferência significativa no desenvolvimento do parasita.

Assessment of the impact of changes in temperature in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) melanic and albino variants infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907).

Fluctuations in population density of planorbid hosts of S. mansoni are influenced by climatic factors. The knowledge about interference from changes in water temperature in these populations is an important aspect of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. In this experiment, it is explored the influence of different temperatures on the development of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata melanic and albino variants. The results indicated an intrinsic relationship between temperature and development of the parasite in the intramollusc phase, independent of the pigmentation of the mantle of the molluscs. The higher the temperature, the shorter the period necessary for the development of the parasite was while the higher the mortality of infected mollusks. It is concluded that, in the presence of climate change, the increasement of temperature in cold and flooded regions may encourage the establishment of new foci of transmission of schistosomiasis by changing the geographic extent and extending the epidemiological transmission potential. In warm climates, higher temperatures, however, could compromise the transmission of the disease because of biological stress suffered by parasite and host. Under these conditions, it can result in the death of the parasite or a change in their ability to infect new host species of molluscs in new areas. Mantle pigmentation patterns in molluscs have not shown significant interference in the development of the parasite.