Unusual distal right pulmonary artery origin from right ductus arteriosus with uncommon left-sided aortic arch / Inusual origen de la parte distal de la arteria pulmonar derecha en un ductus arterioso derecho en arco aórtico izquierdo no común

Abstract A bilateral persistent ductus arteriosus with right proximal pulmonary artery agenesis is a very unusual anatomic variant. These malformations are assumed to occur during the transformation of the sixth aortic arch with the pulmonary trunk in the development of the aorta and its branches. A 2-months preterm baby was referred by severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large pulmonary trunk and left pulmonary artery. No right proximal pulmonary artery was found. Cardiac computed tomography study showed bilateral ductus arteriosus. The right proximal pulmonary artery was originated from an arterial structure coming off the right subclavian artery, a right ductus arteriosus. The aortic arch was left-sided, with a peculiar variant at the exit of the supraaortic vessels. Right subclavian artery emerged as the first supraaortic vessel, followed by a common trunk, giving rise to both carotids and the left subclavian artery as the last vessel. Right lung was hypoplastic with interstitial disease. The calibre of the right proximal pulmonary artery was inadequate to perform a corrective surgery. LDA closure was performed, keeping a prostaglandin infusion to maintain right ductus arteriosus patency until right proximal pulmonary artery size will be big enough to perform a successful surgical reconstruction. Unfortunately, right ductus arteriosus became narrow at its origin and she developed severe pulmonary hypertension and the patient died.

Resumen El ductus arterioso bilateral con agenesia proximal de la arteria pulmonar derecha es una variante anatómica rara producida por alteraciones de la transformación del sexto arco aórtico en las arterias pulmonares, la aorta y sus vasos, durante el desarrollo embrionario. Se presenta el caso de un bebé prematuro de dos meses, que fue derivado a nuestro hospital por displasia broncopulmonar severa. El ecocardiograma transtorácico no identificó el origen de la arteria pulmonar derecha. El estudio por tomografía computarizada cardiaca mostró ductus arterioso bilateral e identificó el origen distal de la arteria pulmonar derecha en una rama de la arteria subclavia derecha, identificada como ductus arterioso derecho. El pulmón derecho era hipoplástico y presentaba alteraciones intersticiales. A su vez, el patrón de los vasos supraaórticos era anómalo. El primer vaso correspondió a la arteria subclavia derecha, seguido por tronco común de ambas carótidas y por último la arteria subclavia izquierda. El calibre de la arteria pulmonar derecha fue inadecuado para realizar una cirugía correctiva, por lo cual se decidió cerrar el ductus arterioso izquierdo y mantener infusión de prostaglandina hasta que la arteria pulmonar derecha tuviera un calibre adecuado para la cirugía. Infortunadamente, el ductus arterioso derecho se cerró en su origen, desarrollándose hipertensión pulmonar severa y la paciente falleció.

[Influence of age in short and long term prognostic of ischemic cardiogenic shock]. / Influencia de la edad en el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo del choque cardiogénico de origen isquémico.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognosis during hospitalization and maximum follow-up of 4 years in patients with myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock. METHOD: Prospective observational study practiced in a coronary Care Unit managed by cardiologists. We included patients with myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock who received early coronary revascularization. Patients were divided into two groups: older than 75 years (group A) and lower (group B), and we compared the evolution during hospitalization and maximum follow-up of 4 years. Primary end point was mortality rate in the maximum follow-up of 4years. Secondary end point was mortality rate during hospitalization. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients were included, 45% Group A. Patients of Group B were mostly men (81% vs. 57%; P=.014), diabetics (48% vs. 21%; P=0.006), and smokers (39.6% vs. 5%). Mortality rate during hospitalization was higher in Group A (54.5%) vs. 30.2% in Group B (P=.022). Mortality rate during follow-up (primary variable) was 73% in Group A vs. 38% in Group B (P=.007). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock in elderly patients is an entity with high mortality during hospitalization and continues to worsen during long term follow-up.

Influencia de la edad en el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo del choque cardiogénico de origen isquémico / Influence of age in short and long term prognostic of ischemic cardiogenic shock

Objetivo: Comparar la evolución durante el ingreso y a largo plazo de pacientes con choque cardiogénico de origen isquémico. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo unicéntrico llevado a cabo en la unidad coronaria de un hospital terciario manejada por cardiólogos. Se incluyen pacientes con choque cardiogénico de origen isquémico que recibieron revascularización coronaria precoz. Dividimos a los pacientes en 2 grupos: mayores de 75 anos (grupo A) y menores (grupo B), y comparamos la evolución durante el ingreso y en un seguimiento máximo de 4 años. El objetivo principal fue estimar la mortalidad a los 4 años. El objetivo secundario se definió como la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Resultados: Incluimos a 97 pacientes, 44 del grupo A (45%). Los pacientes del grupo B eran con más frecuencia varones (81 vs. 57%, p = 0.014), diabéticos (49 vs. 21%, p: 0.006) y fumadores (39.6 vs. 4.5%, p < 0.05). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue superior en el grupo A (54.5 vs. 30.2%, p = 0.022). El objetivo principal ocurrió en 32 pacientes del grupo A frente a 20 del grupo B (73 vs. 38%, p = 0.007). Conclusión: El choque cardiogénico de origen isquémico en paciente mayores de 75 anos presenta una alta mortalidad durante la estancia hospitalaria y en el seguimiento a largo plazo.

Objective: To compare the prognosis during hospitalization and maximum follow-up of 4 years in patients with myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock. Method: Prospective observational study practiced in a coronary Care Unit managed by cardiologists. We included patients with myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock who received early coronary revascularization. Patients were divided into two groups: older than 75 years (group A) and lower (group B), and we compared the evolution during hospitalization and maximum follow-up of 4 years. Primary end point was mortality rate in the maximum follow-up of 4years. Secondary end point was mortality rate during hospitalization. Results: Ninety-seven patients were included, 45% Group A. Patients of Group B were mostly men (81% vs. 57%; P =.014), diabetics (48% vs. 21%; P = 0.006), and smokers (39.6% vs. 5%). Mortality rate during hospitalization was higher in Group A (54.5%) vs. 30.2% in Group B(P = .022). Mortality rate during follow-up (primary variable) was 73% in Group A vs. 38% in Group B (P =.007). Conclusions: Myocardial infarction complicated with cardiogenic shock in elderly patients is an entity with high mortality during hospitalization and continues to worsen during long term follow-up.