Suppressive treatment with monepantel and the fast selection for phenotypically resistant trichostrongylids of sheep.

Gastrointestinal parasite control has been a major challenge to livestock due to the failure of anthelmintic treatments. Monepantel (MNT) was introduced in 2009 as an alternative treatment option showing a new mechanism of action against nematode parasites. To study the response of MNT in a suppressive regime, 45-Suffolk and White Dorper naturally infected sheep were divided into one of three groups, G1: control ­ with no treatment, G2: MNT at 2.5 mg kg−1 live weight (LW) PO every 30 days, and G3: MNT at 4.0 mg kgLW−1 PO every 30 days for 6 months. Every 15 days, the animals were individually weighed (body weight, BW) and checked for Famacha (FMC) and body condition score (BCS). The efficacy of MNT was evaluated weekly by fecal egg count (FEC) every month. FEC showed >97% efficacy at the start of the experiment, revealing a significant reduction for G2 (28%) and G3 (39%) in the following months. There was no treatment, BW or BCS effect between treatments; however, there was a period (P < 0.0001) and a treatment vs period interaction (P < 0.0001) for BW. The data revealed that MNT at a therapeutic and suppressive dose had a non-linear polynomial efficacy regression (R2) of 0.988 and 0.992, respectively. This original experiment demonstrates how short-interval and suppressive MNT treatments would rapidly select Haemonchus contortus, showing a fast susceptible-resistance phenotypic population replacement. Therefore, it is suggested that MNT might be carefully used in parasite control programmes alongside other management strategies (i.e. FMC, BCS) to reduce treatment frequency and the selection process for resistance.

PharmVar GeneFocus: CYP2C19.

The Pharmacogene Variation Consortium (PharmVar) catalogues star (*) allele nomenclature for the polymorphic human CYP2C19 gene. CYP2C19 genetic variation impacts the metabolism of many drugs and has been associated with both efficacy and safety issues for several commonly prescribed medications. This GeneFocus provides a comprehensive overview and summary of CYP2C19 and describes how haplotype information catalogued by PharmVar is utilized by the Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC).

Comorbilidades neurológicas y su relación con la velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores del Centro Médico Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara 2010-2015 / Neurological comorbidities and its association with gait speed in older adults of the Naval Medical Center Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara 2010-2015

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre presencia de comorbilidades neurológicas y velocidad de la marcha en adultos mayores del Centro Médico Naval “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara” 2010-2015. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo mediante análisis secundario de base de datos. La muestra fue conformada por 1785 adultos mayores. Para determinar la relación entre variables se utilizó Chi-cuadrado con un nivel de significación del 5% y el programa STATA v.14. Resultados: El 18,7% de los probandos presentaron enfermedad de Parkinson, 44,9% presentaron deterioro cognitivo leve y sólo el 3,1% presentó evidencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular. Existieron diferencias significativas respecto a la edad (p<0,001) y sexo (p=0,043) según la velocidad de marcha (mayor en mujeres de 80 años o más). Hubo relación significativa entre el deterioro cognitivo leve (p<0,001) y la enfermedad cerebro- vascular (p=0,002) con la velocidad de marcha. La probabilidad de una velocidad de marcha lenta ajustada por antecedente de enfermedad de Parkinson, edad y sexo para aquellos con deterioro cognitivo leve fue de 2,13 (IC95% 1,72-2,63) y para aquellos con enfermedad cerebrovascular fue de 1,79 (IC95% 1,01-3,20). Conclusiones: La lentitud de marcha se presentó mayormente en mujeres de 80 o más años de edad y se relacionó significativamente con el deterioro cognitivo leve y enfermedad cerebrovascular, pero no con la enfermedad de Parkinson.

Objective: To determine the association between presence of neurological comorbidities and walking speed in older adults attended at the Naval Medical Center “Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara” 2010-2015. Methods: Observational retrospective study through secondary analysis of a database of 1785 older adults. To determine the relationship between variables, the Chi-square test with a level of significance of 5%, and the STATA v.14 program were used. Results: 18.7% of the probands had Parkinson’s disease, 44.9% had mild cognitive impairment, and only 3.1% had cerebrovascular disorder. There were significant differences in walking speed with respect to advanced age and female sex (greater in 80 y.o. or older females). There was a significant relationship between mild cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disorder with walking speed. The probability of a slow walking speed adjusted for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis, age and sex for those with mild cognitive impairment was 2.13 (IC95% 1.72-2.63), and for those with cerebrovascular disease, 1.79 (IC95% 1.01-3.20). Conclusions: Slow walking was presented mainly in women over 80 years of age, and was significantly related to mild cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular disorder, but not to Parkinson’s disease

Warfarin Anticoagulation Therapy in Caribbean Hispanics of Puerto Rico: A Candidate Gene Association Study.

Existing algorithms account for ~50% of observed variance in warfarin dose requirements after including common polymorphisms. However, they do not perform as well in populations other than Caucasians, in part because some ethno-specific genetic variants are overlooked. The objective of the present study was to identify genetic polymorphisms that can explain variability in warfarin dose requirements among Caribbean Hispanics of Puerto Rico. Next-Generation Sequencing of candidate genes CYP2C9 and VKORC1 and genotyping by DMET® Plus Assay of cardiovascular patients were performed. We also aimed at characterizing the genomic structure and admixture pattern of this study cohort. Our study used the Extreme Discordant Phenotype approach to perform a case-control association analysis. The CYP2C9 variant rs2860905, which was found in all the major haplotypes occurring in the Puerto Rican population, showed stronger association with warfarin sensitivity (<4 mg/day) than common variants CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3. Although, CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 are separately contained within two of the haplotypes, 10 subjects with the sensitive phenotype were carriers of only the CYP2C9 rs2860905 variant. Other polymorphisms in CES2 and ABCB1 were found to be associated with warfarin resistance. Incorporation of rs2860905 in a regression model (R2 = 0.63, MSE = 0.37) that also includes additional genetics (i.e., VKORC1-1639 G>A; CYP2C9 rs1856908; ABCB1 c.IVS9-44A>G/ rs10276036; CES2 c.269-965A>G/ rs4783745) and non-genetic factors (i.e., hypertension, diabetes and age) showed better prediction of warfarin dose requirements than CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 combined (partial R2 = 0.132 vs. 0.023 and 0.007, respectively, p < 0.001). The genetic background of Puerto Ricans in the study cohort showed a tri-hybrid admixture pattern, with a slightly higher than expected contribution of Native American ancestry (25%). The genomic diversity of Puerto Ricans is highlighted by the presence of four different major haplotype blocks in the CYP2C9 locus. Although, our findings need further replication, this study contributes to the field by identifying novel genetic variants that increase predictability of stable warfarin dosing among Caribbean Hispanics.

O rituximabe como uma opção para pacientes com vasculite sistêmica grave refratária à terapia convencional: relato de sete casos e revisão de literatura / Rituximab as an alternative for patients with severe systemic vasculitis refractory to conventional therapy: report of seven cases and literature review

Resumo O maior entendimento das bases fisiopatológicas e do comportamento das vasculites sistêmicas, aliado ao desenvolvimento de regimes terapêuticos com perfil de segurança e eficácia cada vezes melhores, modificou drasticamente o prognóstico dos pacientes diagnosticados com essas entidades clínicas. Recentemente, o emprego do rituximabe no tratamento de pacientes com vasculites ANCA associadas em ensaios clínicos randomizados se mostrou uma opção importante em casos selecionados, especialmente pacientes refratários ou intolerantes à terapia-padrão com ciclofosfamida e corticosteroides. O presente artigo traz o relato de sete casos de vasculites sistêmicas com tratamento bem-sucedido com rituximabe.

Abstract The greater understanding of pathophysiology and behavior of systemic vasculitis, together with the development of therapeutic regimens with increasingly better safety and efficacy profiles, dramatically changed the prognosis of patients diagnosed with these clinical entities. Recently, the use of rituximab in the treatment of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in randomized clinical trials showed an important alternative in selected cases, especially patients refractory or intolerant to standard therapy with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. This article presents the report of seven cases of systemic vasculitis successfully treated with rituximab.

Pharmacogenetics of healthy volunteers in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Ricans are a unique Hispanic population with European, Native American (Taino), and higher West African ancestral contributions than other non-Caribbean Hispanics. In admixed populations, such as Puerto Ricans, genetic variants can be found at different frequencies when compared to parental populations and uniquely combined and distributed. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to collect data from studies conducted in healthy Puerto Ricans and to report the frequencies of genetic polymorphisms with major relevance in drug response. Filtering for healthy volunteers or individuals, we performed a search of pharmacogenetic studies in academic literature databases without limiting the period of the results. The search was limited to Puerto Ricans living in the island, excluding those studies performed in mainland (United States). We found that the genetic markers impacting pharmacological therapy in the areas of cardiovascular, oncology, and neurology are the most frequently investigated. Coincidently, the top causes of mortality in the island are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode for members of the CYP450 family (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6) are also available due to their relevance in the metabolism of drugs. The complex genetic background of Puerto Ricans is responsible for the divergence in the reported allele frequencies when compared to parental populations (Africans, East Asians, and Europeans). The importance of reporting the findings of pharmacogenetic studies conducted in Puerto Ricans is to identify genetic variants with potential utility among this genetically complex population and eventually move forward the adoption of personalized medicine in the island.

Rituximab as an alternative for patients with severe systemic vasculitis refractory to conventional therapy: report of seven cases and literature review.

The greater understanding of pathophysiology and behavior of systemic vasculitis, together with the development of therapeutic regimens with increasingly better safety and efficacy profiles, dramatically changed the prognosis of patients diagnosed with these clinical entities. Recently, the use of rituximab in the treatment of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in randomized clinical trials showed an important alternative in selected cases, especially patients refractory or intolerant to standard therapy with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids. This article presents the report of seven cases of systemic vasculitis successfully treated with rituximab.

Biological screening of select Puerto Rican plants for cytotoxic and antitumor activities.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and anticancer activities of extracts from 7-species of endemic and native plants from Puerto Rico. METHODS: The plant species selected for this study were Canella winterana, Croton discolor, Goetzea elegans, Guaiacum officinale, Pimenta racemosa, Simarouba tulae, and Thouinia striata. The dried plant material was extracted with a 1:1 mixture of CH2CI2-MeOH. The resulting crude extract was suspended in water and extracted with solvents of different polarities. The extracts were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against Artemia salina and 3 breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS: About 50% of the extracts evaluated against Artemia salina exhibited LC50 values of less than or equal to 200 µg/mL. The strongest activity was detected in the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Guaiacum officinale, with lethality values below 10 µg/mL. The extracts were further evaluated for their bioactivity as possible inhibitors of several breast cancer cell lines, with the extracts from Simarouba tulae and Croton discolor showing the highest percentages of growth inhibition. The dose- effect data analysis for the crude extracts of the different plants also confirms the high cytotoxicities of Guaiacum officinale, Simarouba tulae, and Croton discolor. CONCLUSION: Based on our results, we concluded that the Simarouba, Croton, and Guaiacum plant extracts show cytotoxic and anticancer activities that merit closer investigation in order to identify the chemical compounds responsible for these bioactivities.

Good agreements between self and clinician-collected specimens for the detection of human papillomavirus in Brazilian patients

Women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) are at a higher risk of developing cervical lesions. In the current study, self and clinician-collected vaginal and cervical samples from women were processed to detect HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with PGMY09/11 primers. HPV genotypes were determined using type-specific PCR. HPV DNA detection showed good concordance between self and clinician-collected samples (84.6%; kappa = 0.72). HPV infection was found in 30% women and genotyping was more concordant among high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) than low-risk HPV (HR-HPV). HPV16 was the most frequently detected among the HR-HPV types. LR-HPV was detected at a higher frequency in self-collected; however, HR-HPV types were more frequently identified in clinician-collected samples than in self-collected samples. HPV infections of multiple types were detected in 20.5% of clinician-collected samples and 15.5% of self-collected samples. In this study, we demonstrated that the HPV DNA detection rate in self-collected samples has good agreement with that of clinician-collected samples. Self-collected sampling, as a primary prevention strategy in countries with few resources, could be effective for identifying cases of HR-HPV, being more acceptable. The use of this method would enhance the coverage of screening programs for cervical cancer.

Good agreements between self and clinician-collected specimens for the detection of human papillomavirus in Brazilian patients.

Women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) are at a higher risk of developing cervical lesions. In the current study, self and clinician-collected vaginal and cervical samples from women were processed to detect HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with PGMY09/11 primers. HPV genotypes were determined using type-specific PCR. HPV DNA detection showed good concordance between self and clinician-collected samples (84.6%; kappa = 0.72). HPV infection was found in 30% women and genotyping was more concordant among high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) than low-risk HPV (HR-HPV). HPV16 was the most frequently detected among the HR-HPV types. LR-HPV was detected at a higher frequency in self-collected; however, HR-HPV types were more frequently identified in clinician-collected samples than in self-collected samples. HPV infections of multiple types were detected in 20.5% of clinician-collected samples and 15.5% of self-collected samples. In this study, we demonstrated that the HPV DNA detection rate in self-collected samples has good agreement with that of clinician-collected samples. Self-collected sampling, as a primary prevention strategy in countries with few resources, could be effective for identifying cases of HR-HPV, being more acceptable. The use of this method would enhance the coverage of screening programs for cervical cancer.

Practice of physical activity on the part of adolescents attending public schools: a descriptive study

Objective: To determine the practice of physical activity on the part of adolescents from public schools in the city of Picos, Piauí. Methods: A descriptive study involving a sample of 145 adolescents of both genders aged 12 to 18 years. Data collection occurred from August to December 2010, using a specifically designed form. Results: Among the participants, 62.8% were female with average age of 14.8 years (± 3.19). It was observed that 49.7% of the participants were classified as physically inactive. Of these, 86.1% were female (p = 0.000), 58.3% were aged between 12 and 14 years, 8.3% had a high body mass index, 9.7% had altered glucose and 45.8% had high blood pressure. Discussion: Female and younger adolescents are more sedentary. This result is similar to the results of other studies on the same subject. Conclusion: The regular practice of physical activity offers many health benefits and can contribute to the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Proteinograma e exame coproparasitológico de ovelhas das raças Ideal e Suffolk durante o periparto

O parasitismo por nematódeos gastrointestinais é, provavelmente, o mais importante fator que afeta a produtividade emfazendas de criação de ovinos, sendo observado principalmente durante a gestação e a lactação. Com o objetivo de avaliar asalterações do proteinograma em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas por parasitas gastrointestinais durante o período do periparto,coletaram-se, semanalmente, amostras de sangue e fezes de 42 ovelhas, sendo 18 da raça Ideal e 24 da raça Suffolk. Ascoletas foram realizadas em 12 momentos, sendo três no período do pré-parto (PP), seis durante a lactação (LA) e três noperíodo do pós-desmame (PD). A análise dos resultados demonstrou hipoproteinemia, com redução dos níveis séricos dealbumina e da relação albumina:globulina (A:G) e hiperglobulinemia apenas na raça Suffolk. A eletroforese das proteínasséricas revelou baixos níveis das frações b e g globulina, principalmente na raça Ideal. Os resultados do OPG revelaram altataxa de infecção por nematódeos, identificados pela coprocultura como sendo dos gêneros Haemonchus e em menor grauTrichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum e Cooperia. As alterações observadas neste experimento ocorreram durante o final dagestação e, principalmente, durante a lactação e estas foram mais evidentes nos animais da raça Ideal.

Proteinograma e exame coproparasitológico de ovelhas das raças Ideal e Suffolk durante o periparto

O parasitismo por nematódeos gastrointestinais é, provavelmente, o mais importante fator que afeta a produtividade emfazendas de criação de ovinos, sendo observado principalmente durante a gestação e a lactação. Com o objetivo de avaliar asalterações do proteinograma em ovelhas naturalmente infectadas por parasitas gastrointestinais durante o período do periparto,coletaram-se, semanalmente, amostras de sangue e fezes de 42 ovelhas, sendo 18 da raça Ideal e 24 da raça Suffolk. Ascoletas foram realizadas em 12 momentos, sendo três no período do pré-parto (PP), seis durante a lactação (LA) e três noperíodo do pós-desmame (PD). A análise dos resultados demonstrou hipoproteinemia, com redução dos níveis séricos dealbumina e da relação albumina:globulina (A:G) e hiperglobulinemia apenas na raça Suffolk. A eletroforese das proteínasséricas revelou baixos níveis das frações b e g globulina, principalmente na raça Ideal. Os resultados do OPG revelaram altataxa de infecção por nematódeos, identificados pela coprocultura como sendo dos gêneros Haemonchus e em menor grauTrichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum e Cooperia. As alterações observadas neste experimento ocorreram durante o final dagestação e, principalmente, durante a lactação e estas foram mais evidentes nos animais da raça Ideal.

Soroprevalência da brucelose e da leptospirose em rebanhos de bovinos leiteiros do estado de pernambuco

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a soroprevalência da Leptospirose e da Brucelose em rebanhos leiteiros de Pernambuco. Seiscentas amostras de soro sangüíneo de 16 rebanhos leiteiros de diversas regiões de Pernambuco foram examinadas sorologicamente para detectar bovinos portadores de anticorpos anti-leptospirais pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica e anti- Brucella abortus pelo teste do AAT. As positivas ao AAT foram submetidas à soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus foram detectados em 4,2% dos animais, em cinco rebanhos. Dois rebanhos tinham prevalência de 17,9% e 16,5%, respectivamente. Das amostras testadas, 57,7% reagiram positivamente a algum dos 24 antígenos vivos de Leptospira em todos os rebanhos examinados, com variações de até 95,0%. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem concluir que deve-se incluir a brucelose a leptospirose no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças reprodutivas de bovinos desta região.

SOROPREVALÊNCIA DA BRUCELOSE E DA LEPTOSPIROSE EM REBANHOS DE BOVINOS LEITEIROS DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar a soroprevalência da Leptospirose e da Brucelose em rebanhos leiteiros de Pernambuco. Seiscentas amostras de soro sangüíneo de 16 rebanhos leiteiros de diversas regiões de Pernambuco foram examinadas sorologicamente para detectar bovinos portadores de anticorpos anti-leptospirais pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica e anti- Brucella abortus pelo teste do AAT. As positivas ao AAT foram submetidas à soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME). Anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus foram detectados em 4,2% dos animais, em cinco rebanhos. Dois rebanhos tinham prevalência de 17,9% e 16,5%, respectivamente. Das amostras testadas, 57,7% reagiram positivamente a algum dos 24 antígenos vivos de Leptospira em todos os rebanhos examinados, com variações de até 95,0%. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem concluir que deve-se incluir a brucelose a leptospirose no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças reprodutivas de bovinos desta região.

Enzimología Clínica Veterinaria: Parte I - Factores que interfieren en la interpretación de los resultados / Veterinary clinical enzymology: Part 1 - Factors interfering with results interpretation / Enzimologia Clínica Veterinária. Parte I: fatores que interferem na interpretação dos resultados

La enzimología clínica veterinaria ha adoptado un importante papel en los tiempos actuales, principalmente en lo que se refiere al auxilio diagnóstico de diversas enfermedades. Este trabajo tuvo por objeto presentar una revisión sobre los principales factores que interfieren en las determinaciones de las enzimas en el suero y en el plasma y que pueden acarrear una interpretación inadecuada de los resultados.

The veterinary clinical enzymology has become an important tool for clinicians, aiding in the diagnosis of several diseases. The objective of this paper was to review the main factors affecting plasma or serum enzyme determinations which could lead to results misinterpretation.

A enzimologia clínica veterinária tem assumido um importante papel nos tempos atuais, principalmente no que se refere ao auxílio diagnóstico de diversas enfermidades. Este trabalho teve por objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre os principais fatores que interferem na determinação das enzimas no soro e no plasma e que podem acarretar uma interpretação inadequada dos resultados

Mielograma. Parte l: Indicaciones y colecta del material / Bone marrow evaluation. Part I: Indications and sample material collection / Mielograma. Parte I: indicações e colheita do material

Se ha vuelto cada vez más común el uso del examen de médula ósea (mielograma) para estudiarlas enfermedades del sistema hematopoiético. La técnica para obtener el material es segura y de fácil ejecución en la clínica veterinaria. EI objetivo de este trabajo ha sido el de proveerles a los clínicos veterinarios con informaciones sobre las indicaciones de este examen y las técnicas de colecta y preparación de láminas de médula ósea.

Bone marrow is becoming commonly employed in the evaluation of hematopoietic system disorders. It has been shown that bone marrow collection techniques are safe, easy, and can be carried out in veterinary practices. This study aimed to provide clinicians with information about the indications of bone marrow aspiration, and the techniques for sample collection and slide preparation.

É cada vez mais comum a utilização do exame da medula óssea (mielograma) para a avaliação das doenças do sistema hematopoiético. A técnica para a obtenção do material medular tem-se mostrado segura e de fácil execução na clínica veterinária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de fornecer aos clínicos veterinários informações sobre as indicações deste exame e as técnicas de colheita e preparação de lâminas de medula óssea.

Metabolismo del hierro en los animales domésticos: revisión / Iron metabolism in domestic animais: a review / Metabolismo do ferro nos animais domésticos: revisão

El estudio del metabolismo del hierro ha sido de fundamental importancia para poder comprender los procesos mórbidos que incluye este metabolismo, como las anemias con carencia de hierro y la anemia de enfermedad inflamatoria, que es la principal causa de la anemia en pequeños animales y probablemente la anemia más comúnmente encontrada en la medicina veterinaria. A pesar de que aún persistan muchas brechas en la comprensión de este metabolismo, recientes avances han resultado en un entendimiento más cabal sobre los efectos provocados por los desequilibrios de este elemento. EI propósito de este trabajo ha sido el de presentar una revisión sobre el metabolismo del hierro en las especies domésticas enfatizando los análisis laboratoriales utilizados para evaluar dicho metabolismo.

Disorders of iron metabolism are both the main cause of iron deficiency anemia in small animals and the most commonly encountered deficiency in veterinary medicine. Iron metabolism assumes a fundamental role in the study of anemia. Although there are still many gaps, recent advances have resulted in a better understanding of the effects of iron imbalance. The objective of this paper was to present a review on iron metabolism in domestic animals, emphasizing the tests to evaluate this metabolism.

O estudo do metabolismo do ferro tem sido de fundamental importância no entendimento dos processos mórbidos que envolvem este metabolismo, como as anemias ferroprivas ou, ainda, a anemia da doença inflamatória, que é a principal causa de anemia em pequenos animais e provavelmente a mais comumente encontrada em Medicina Veterinária. Embora ainda existam muitas lacunas no entendimento deste metabolismo, avanços recentes têm resultado em melhor compreensão dos efeitos provocados pelos desequilíbrios deste elemento. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de apresentar uma revisão sobre o metabolismo do ferro nas espécies domésticas, enfatizando os exames laboratoriais utilizados para sua avaliação.

Metabolismo del hierro en los animales domésticos: revisión / Iron metabolism in domestic animais: a review / Metabolismo do ferro nos animais domésticos: revisão

El estudio del metabolismo del hierro ha sido de fundamental importancia para poder comprender los procesos mórbidos que incluye este metabolismo, como las anemias con carencia de hierro y la anemia de enfermedad inflamatoria, que es la principal causa de la anemia en pequeños animales y probablemente la anemia más comúnmente encontrada en la medicina veterinaria. A pesar de que aún persistan muchas brechas en la comprensión de este metabolismo, recientes avances han resultado en un entendimiento más cabal sobre los efectos provocados por los desequilibrios de este elemento. EI propósito de este trabajo ha sido el de presentar una revisión sobre el metabolismo del hierro en las especies domésticas enfatizando los análisis laboratoriales utilizados para evaluar dicho metabolismo.

Disorders of iron metabolism are both the main cause of iron deficiency anemia in small animals and the most commonly encountered deficiency in veterinary medicine. Iron metabolism assumes a fundamental role in the study of anemia. Although there are still many gaps, recent advances have resulted in a better understanding of the effects of iron imbalance. The objective of this paper was to present a review on iron metabolism in domestic animals, emphasizing the tests to evaluate this metabolism.

O estudo do metabolismo do ferro tem sido de fundamental importância no entendimento dos processos mórbidos que envolvem este metabolismo, como as anemias ferroprivas ou, ainda, a anemia da doença inflamatória, que é a principal causa de anemia em pequenos animais e provavelmente a mais comumente encontrada em Medicina Veterinária. Embora ainda existam muitas lacunas no entendimento deste metabolismo, avanços recentes têm resultado em melhor compreensão dos efeitos provocados pelos desequilíbrios deste elemento. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de apresentar uma revisão sobre o metabolismo do ferro nas espécies domésticas, enfatizando os exames laboratoriais utilizados para sua avaliação.