ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Arthropathy is a prevalent and invalidating complication of acromegaly with a characteristic radiographic phenotype. We aimed to further characterize cartilage and bone abnormalities associated with acromegalic arthropathy using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Twenty-six patients (23% women, mean age 56.8 ± 13.4 years), with active (n = 10) and controlled acromegaly (n = 16) underwent a 3.0 T MRI of the right knee. Osteophytes, cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions and subchondral cysts were assessed by the Knee Osteoarthritis Scoring System (KOSS) method. Cartilage thickness and cartilage T2 relaxation times, in which higher values reflect increased water content and/or structural changes, were measured. Twenty-five controls (52% women, mean age: 59.6 ± 8.0 years) with primary knee OA were included for comparison. RESULTS: Both in active and controlled acromegaly, structural OA defects were highly prevalent, with thickest cartilage and highest cartilage T2 relaxation times in the active patients. When compared to primary OA subjects, patients with acromegaly seem to have less cysts (12% vs 48%, P = 0.001) and bone marrow lesions (15% vs 80%, P = 0.006), but comparable prevalence of osteophytosis and cartilage defects. Patients with acromegaly had 31% thicker total joint cartilage (P < 0.001) with higher cartilage T2 relaxation times at all measured sites than primary OA subjects (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with active acromegaly have a high prevalence of structural OA abnormalities in combination with thick joint cartilage. In addition, T2 relaxation times of cartilage are high in active patients, indicating unhealthy cartilage with increased water content, which is (partially) reversible by adequate treatment. Patients with acromegaly have a different distribution of structural OA abnormalities visualized by MRI than primary OA subjects, especially of cartilage defects.
Subject(s)
Acromegaly/physiopathology , Joint Diseases/etiology , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Acromegaly/pathology , Acromegaly/therapy , Adult , Aged , Bone Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Bone Cysts/epidemiology , Bone Cysts/etiology , Bone Cysts/prevention & control , Bone Marrow Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Bone Marrow Diseases/epidemiology , Bone Marrow Diseases/etiology , Bone Marrow Diseases/prevention & control , Cartilage/diagnostic imaging , Cartilage/pathology , Cartilage Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cartilage Diseases/epidemiology , Cartilage Diseases/etiology , Cartilage Diseases/prevention & control , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Joint Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Joint Diseases/epidemiology , Joint Diseases/prevention & control , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands/epidemiology , Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoarthritis/pathology , Pilot Projects , Prevalence , Remission Induction , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Primary bone tumors of the spine are less common than metastases or multiple myeloma. Based on the patient's age and the radiologic pattern and topography of the tumor, a very approximate differential diagnosis can be established for an osseous vertebral lesion. This article shows the radiologic manifestations of the principal primary bone tumors of the spine from a practical point of view, based on our personal experience and a review of the literature. If bone metastases, multiple myeloma, lymphomas, hemangiomas, and enostoses are excluded, only eight types of tumors account for 80% of all vertebral tumors. These are chordomas, osteoblastomas, chondrosarcomas, giant-cell tumors, osteoid osteomas, Ewing's sarcomas, osteosarcomas, and aneurysmal bone cysts.
