Nursing training and its association with burnout syndrome among Mexican undergraduate students / Formación académica en enfermería y su asociación con el síndrome de burnout en estudiantes Mexicanos de pregrado

Abstract Introduction Previous data suggest that healthcare students, such as nursing students, might have a differential risk of presenting burnout syndrome caused by the stress they are subjected to. However, the evidence is still scarce and inconclusive. Objective To evaluate the association between nursing training and burnout syndrome among undergraduate students in Hidalgo, Mexico. Method A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 566 undergraduate students (56% were nursing students and the rest were non-healthcare students). Burnout syndrome was identified using the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, consisting of subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished academic efficacy. The association between the variables of interest was evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. Results In the depersonalization subscale, nursing students, compared with non-healthcare students, had an adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) of moderate/high burnout syndrome of 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.34, 3.22]). In addition, the association was stronger among students in the third and fourth school years (aOR = 3.58; 95% CI = [1.62, 7.89]) compared with those in the first and second school years (aOR = 1.20; 95% CI = [.71, 2.03]). Discussion and conclusion It is necessary that universities provide nursing students with tools that allow them to cope with stressful situations during their academic training and their future life as health professionals.

Resumen Introducción Datos previos sugieren que los estudiantes del cuidado a la salud, como es el caso de enfermería, podrían tener un riesgo diferencial de presentar síndrome de burnout debido al estrés al que están sometidos, no obstante, la evidencia aun es escaza y no concluyente. Objetivo Evaluar la asociación entre la formación académica en enfermería con el síndrome de burnout en estudiantes universitarios de Hidalgo, México. Método Estudio trasversal analítico realizado en una muestra de 566 estudiantes universitarios (56% eran estudiantes de enfermería y el resto de las áreas diferentes a la salud). Para determinar la presencia de síndrome de burnout se utilizó la versión en español de la escala Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, conformada por las subescalas: agotamiento, eficacia académica y despersonalización. La asociación entre las variables de interés se evalúo mediante modelos de regresión logística ajustados por confusores. Resultados En la subescala de despersonalización los estudiantes de enfermería tuvieron mayores posibilidades de presentar síndrome de burnout medio/alto en comparación con los de las otras formaciones académicas (razón de momios ajustada [RMa] = 2.08; intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95% = [1.34, 3.22]). Además, la asociación fue más fuerte entre aquellos que cursaban el tercer y cuarto año escolar (RMa = 3.58; IC 95% = [1.62, 7.89]) a diferencia de los que cursaban los primeros dos años escolares (RMa = 1.20; IC 95% = [.71, 2.03]). Discusión y conclusión Es importante que las universidades brinden a los estudiantes de enfermería herramientas que les permitan sobrellevar las situaciones estresantes durante su formación académica y su futura vida profesional.

Evaluación de las actitudes hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor en una comunidad rural

Introducción: La sexualidad sigue siendo un tabú ante la sociedad, especialmente en la etapa del adulto mayor. Objetivo: Evaluar las actitudes hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor, en una comunidad rural del Estado de Hidalgo. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo-descriptivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 182 adultos mayores de un municipio rural en el Estado de Hidalgo, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de actitudes hacia la sexualidad en la vejez. Resultados: La muestra tuvo un rango de edad entre 60 y 96 años. Se identificó que 56,6 % del total de los adultos mayores presentan actitudes negativas. La actitud hacia la sexualidad resultó tener diferencias significativas respecto a la edad (p< 0,05), estado civil (p< 0,05) y entorno social (p< 0,001). Por otra parte, los prejuicios y los mitos hacia la sexualidad tuvieron una correlación alta con la actitud de los adultos mayores hacia su sexualidad. Además, los encuestados hacen mención que los problemas con la sexualidad tienen que ver con el proceso del envejecimiento (57,7 %), las enfermedades (62,6 %) y los tratamientos médicos en la vejez (53,3 %). Conclusiones: En general, la actitud que tienen los adultos mayores hacia su sexualidad es negativa, donde a mayor edad presentan una actitud más negativa, así como los adultos mayores que viven solos, son viudos o divorciados. Los mitos y los prejuicios hacia la sexualidad en el adulto mayor tienen un papel importante en la actitud sobre este tema.

Introduction: Sexuality continues to be a taboo to society, especially in the older adult stage. Objective: To evaluate the attitudes towards sexuality among the elderly in a rural community of Hidalgo State. Material and Methods: Quantitative-descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 182 older adults from a rural community in Hidalgo State, to whom the Questionnaire on Attitudes Towards Sexuality in Old Age (CASV) and sociodemographic variables were applied. Results: The sample had an age range between 60 and 96 years old. It was identified that 56.6 % of all older adults, present negative attitudes. The attitude towards sexuality turned out to have significant differences with respect to age (p< 0.05), marital status (p< 0.05), and social environment (p< 0.001). On the other hand, prejudices and myths towards sexuality had a high correlation with the attitude of older adults towards their sexuality. In addition, the older adults surveyed mention that the problems with sexuality depend on aging (57.7 %), diseases (62.6 %); and medical treatments in old age (53.3 %). Conclusions: In general, older adults have a negative attitude towards sexuality, where the older they are the more negative attitude they have, as well as those who live alone, are widowed, or divorced. The myths and prejudices towards sexuality in the elderly play an important role in the attitude on this subject.

Relación entre el apoyo social percibido y la depresión en adultos mayores con asistencia en centro gerontológico / Relationship between perceived social support and depression in older people with attendance in a gerontological center

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el apoyo social percibido y el nivel de depresión en adultos mayores que asisten y participan en actividades de un centro gerontológico en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Metodología: Estudio no experimental cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Muestra de 71 adultos mayores que asisten a centros gerontológicos. Las variables de estudio fueron el apoyo social percibido y la depresión. Para la medición y obtención de datos se utilizaron los cuestionarios DUKE-UNC11, con una confiabilidad de 0,66 y una validez de 0,88, que evalúa cómo el adulto mayor percibe el apoyo social y la escala geriátrica de Yesavage, con una confiabilidad de 0,84 y una validez de 0,78, que identifica el grado de depresión del adulto mayor. Resultados: De los 71 adultos mayores, el 72,8% fueron mujeres y el 28,2% hombres. En la escolaridad, el 29,6% concluyeron la primaria, el 80,3% eran de religión católica, el 38% de los participantes están casados y el 62% de ellos se dedican al hogar. La edad que más prevaleció fue 75 años. El 42,3% de los adultos mayores presentan depresión leve, el 49,3 depresión moderada y el 8,5% depresión grave. Asimismo, un 67,6% tenía apoyo social normal y un 32,4% un apoyo social bajo. Se obtuvo una correlación inversa significativa entre el apoyo social y el nivel de depresión (r = –0,336; p < 0,01) Conclusión: A mayor apoyo social que reciban los adultos mayores menor será su grado de depresión (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the association between perceived social support and the depression level in older adults who attend and participate in activities at a gerontological center from Hidalgo state, Mexico. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational non-experimental study. A sample of 71 older adults who attend gerontology centers. The study variables were perceived social support and depression. For the measurement and data collection, the questionnaires were used, DUKE-UNC11 with a reliability of 0.66 and validity of 0.88, which assesses how the older adults perceive social support and the Yesavage geriatric scale with a reliability of 0.84 and validity of 0.78 that identifies the degree of depression in the elderly. Results: Of the 71 older adults, 72.8% were female and 28.2% male. In schooling, 29.6% finished primary school, on the other hand, 80.3% are of the catholic religion, 38% of the participants are married and most of them dedicate themselves to the home, 62%. The age that most prevailed was 75 years. 42.3% of older adults are observed with mild depression, 49.3% moderate depression 8.5% severe depression. Likewise, 67.6% with normal social support and 32.4% low social support. A significant inverse correlation was obtained between social support and the level of depression (r = –0.336, p < 0.01). Conclusion:The more social support older adults receive, the lower their degree of depression (AU)

Valor económico, nutricional y medicinal de hongos comestibles silvestres / Economic, nutritional and medicinal value of edible wild mushrooms

Wild edible mushrooms (WEM) have high economic and culi-nary value, due to their nutritional and medical properties. They are regarded as functional foods, as well as of the nutritional properties that they have, it has been shown to have beneficial health effects and may be used in the prevention or treatment of diseases. It's therapeutic action is attributed to the bioactive compounds that they have in their fruiting bodies. Although, globally, it has only been studied for 6% of the fungal diversity There is a wide range of WEM which can be consumed safely and that can be exploited for the development food products, therefore it is necessary to promote future researches with WEM to reveal more Information about their health benefits, because currently available information is still scanty. In this paper the importance of studying the WEM were described, the physical and chemical characteristics and the bioactive compounds of the mostpopular genus of mushroom in the food area were also described in order to know their nutritional and therapeutic benefits, eliminate false beliefs around them and encourage consumption.

Los hongos comestibles silvestres (HCS) tienen un alto valor económico y gastronómico, debido a sus propiedades nutricionales y medicinales. Son considerados como alimentos funcionales, pues además de sus propiedades nutricionales, se ha demostrado efectos benéficos para la salud que pueden ser utilizados en la prevención o tratamiento de enfermedades. Su acción terapéutica es atribuida a los compuestos bioactivos que poseen en sus cuerpos fructíferos. A nivel mundial, sólo se ha estudiado 6% de la diversidad fúngica; existe una amplia gama de HCS que pueden ser consumidos con seguridad y que pueden ser aprovechados para el desarrollo de productos alimenticios, por lo tanto es necesario impulsar futuras investigaciones que revelen mayor información sobre sus propiedades nutricionales y beneficios para la salud, ya que actualmente la información disponible aun es escasa. En el presente artículo se describe la importancia del estudio de estos vegetales, y se detallan las características físicas, químicas y los principios activos de algunos de los géneros de hongos más populares en el ámbito alimenticio con el fin de dar a conocer sus beneficios nutricionales y terapéuticos, así como de eliminar las falsas creencias entorno a ellos.

Subunit Asa1 spans all the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp.

Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is dimeric. It contains eight orthodox subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, OSCP, a and c) and nine atypical subunits (Asa1 to 9). These subunits build the peripheral stalk of the enzyme and stabilize its dimeric structure. The location of the 66.1kDa subunit Asa1 has been debated. On one hand, it was found in a transient subcomplex that contained membrane-bound subunits Asa1/Asa3/Asa5/Asa8/a (Atp6)/c (Atp9). On the other hand, Asa1 was proposed to form the bulky structure of the peripheral stalk that contacts the OSCP subunit in the F1 sector. Here, we overexpressed and purified the recombinant proteins Asa1 and OSCP and explored their interactions in vitro, using immunochemical techniques and affinity chromatography. Asa1 and OSCP interact strongly, and the carboxy-terminal half of OSCP seems to be instrumental for this association. In addition, the algal ATP synthase was partially dissociated at relatively high detergent concentrations, and an Asa1/Asa3/Asa5/Asa8/a/c10 subcomplex was identified. Furthermore, Far-Western analysis suggests an Asa1-Asa8 interaction. Based on these results, a model is proposed in which Asa1 spans the whole peripheral arm of the enzyme, from a region close to the matrix-exposed side of the mitochondrial inner membrane to the F1 region where OSCP is located. 3D models show elongated, helix-rich structures for chlorophycean Asa1 subunits. Asa1 subunit probably plays a scaffolding role in the peripheral stalk analogous to the one of subunit b in orthodox mitochondrial enzymes.

Interactions of subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 in the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp.

Mitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is a complex partially embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is isolated as a highly stable dimer of 1600kDa. It comprises 17 polypeptides, nine of which (subunits Asa1 to 9) are not present in classical mitochondrial ATP synthases and appear to be exclusive of the chlorophycean lineage. In particular, subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 seem to constitute a section of the peripheral stalk of the enzyme. Here, we over-expressed and purified subunits Asa2, Asa4 and Asa7 and the corresponding amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal halves of Asa4 and Asa7 in order to explore their interactions in vitro, using immunochemical techniques, blue native electrophoresis and affinity chromatography. Asa4 and Asa7 interact strongly, mainly through their carboxy-terminal halves. Asa2 interacts with both Asa7 and Asa4, and also with subunit α in the F1 sector. The three Asa proteins form an Asa2/Asa4/Asa7 subcomplex. The entire Asa7 and the carboxy-terminal half of Asa4 seem to be instrumental in the interaction with Asa2. Based on these results and on computer-generated structural models of the three subunits, we propose a model for the Asa2/Asa4/Asa7 subcomplex and for its disposition in the peripheral stalk of the algal ATP synthase.

Subunit-subunit interactions and overall topology of the dimeric mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp.

Mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is a dimeric complex of 1600 kDa constituted by 17 different subunits with varying stoichiometries, 8 of them conserved in all eukaryotes and 9 that seem to be unique to the algal lineage (subunits ASA1-9). Two different models proposing the topological assemblage of the nine ASA subunits in the ATP synthase of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. have been put forward. Here, we readdressed the overall topology of the enzyme with different experimental approaches: detection of close vicinities between subunits based on cross-linking experiments and dissociation of the enzyme into subcomplexes, inference of subunit stoichiometry based on cysteine residue labelling, and general three-dimensional structural features of the complex as obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering and electron microscopy image reconstruction. Based on the available data, we refine the topological arrangement of the subunits that constitute the mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp.

The fully-active and structurally-stable form of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp. is dimeric.

Mitochondrial F(1)F(O)-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is a stable dimeric complex of 1,600 kDa. It lacks the classic subunits that constitute the peripheral stator-stalk and the orthodox polypeptides involved in the dimerization of the complex. Instead, it contains nine polypeptides of unknown evolutionary origin named ASA1 to ASA9. The isolated enzyme exhibited a very low ATPase activity (0.03 Units/mg), that increased upon heat treatment, due to the release of the F(1) sector. Oligomycin was found to stabilize the dimeric structure of the enzyme, providing partial resistance to heat dissociation. Incubation in the presence of low concentrations of several non-ionic detergents increased the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity up to 7.0-9.0 Units/mg. Incubation with 3% (w/v) taurodeoxycholate monomerized the enzyme. The monomeric form of the enzyme exhibited diminished activity in the presence of detergents and diminished oligomycin sensitivity. Cross-linking experiments carried out with the dimeric and monomeric forms of the ATP synthase suggested the participation of the ASA6 subunit in the dimerization of the enzyme. The dimeric enzyme was more resistant to heat treatment, high hydrostatic pressures, and protease digestion than the monomeric enzyme, which was readily disrupted by these treatments. We conclude that the fully-active algal mitochondrial ATP synthase is a stable catalytically active dimer; the monomeric form is less active and less stable. Monomer-monomer interactions could be mediated by the membrane-bound subunits ASA6 and ASA9, and may be further stabilized by other polypeptides such as ASA1 and ASA5.

The mitochondrial ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae contains eight subunits of unknown origin involved in the formation of an atypical stator-stalk and in the dimerization of the complex.

Mitochondrial F(1)F( O )-ATP synthase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Polytomella sp. is a dimer of 1,600,000 Da. In Chlamydomonas the enzyme lacks the classical subunits that constitute the peripheral stator-stalk as well as those involved in the dimerization of the fungal and mammal complex. Instead, it contains eight novel polypeptides named ASA1 to 8. We show that homologs of these subunits are also present in the chlorophycean algae Polytomella sp. and Volvox carterii. Blue Native Gel Electrophoresis analysis of mitochondria from different green algal species also indicates that stable dimeric mitochondrial ATP synthases may be characteristic of all Chlorophyceae. One additional subunit, ASA9, was identified in the purified mitochondrial ATP synthase of Polytomella sp. The dissociation profile of the Polytomella enzyme at high-temperatures and cross-linking experiments finally suggest that some of the ASA polypeptides constitute a stator-stalk with a unique architecture, while others may be involved in the formation of a highly-stable dimeric complex. The algal enzyme seems to have modified the structural features of its surrounding scaffold, while conserving almost intact the structure of its catalytic subunits.