Antribacter soli sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from soils of weathering dolomite.

Strain KLBMP 9083T, a novel actinobacterium, was isolated from weathered soils collected from a karst area in Anshun, Guizhou Province, PR China. The taxonomic position of strain KLBMP 9083T was studied using the polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain KLBMP 9083T formed a stabilized monophyletic clade with its closest relative strain Antribacter gilvus CGMCC 1.13856T (98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The peptidoglycan hydrolysates contained alanine, glutamic acid, threonine and lysine. The polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified glycolipid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H8) (87.1 %), MK-9(H6) (7.3 %) and MK-9(H4) (5.6 %). The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.3 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain KLBMP 9083T and A. gilvus CGMCC 1.13856T were 23.4 and 79.9 %, respectively. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain KLBMP 9083T represents a novel species of the genus Antribacter, for which the name Antribacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 9083T (=CGMCC 4.7737T=NBRC 115577T).

Nocardia rhizosphaerihabitans sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a coastal soil.

An actinomycete strain, designated KLBMP S0039T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Lycium Linn., collected from the coastal region in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, eastern PR China, and was studied to determine its taxonomic position. The isolate showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of the members of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the whole-cell sugars were galactose, arabinose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8(H4ω-cycl). The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and unknown lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, and 10-methyl C18 : 0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)]. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 68.2 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that KLBMP S0039T was most closely related to Nocardia neocaledoniensis NBRC 108232T (99.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531T (99.2 %), similarities to other type strains of species of the genus Nocardia were found to be less than 98.6 %. However, DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic data indicated that KLBMP S0039T could be clearly distinguished from the closely related species of the genus Nocardia. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, it is concluded that KLBMP S0039T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardiarhizosphaerihabitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP S0039T (=KCTC 39693T=CGMCC 4.7329T).

Acute pancreatitis induced by etoposide-lobaplatin combination chemotherapy used for the treatment of lung cancer: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Drug-induced pancreatitis (DIP) is a rare type of pancreatitis that is not usually observed in the clinical practice. It is generally difficult to distinguish from acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by other causes. PATIENT CONCERNS: Here, we report a 62-year-old Chinese female patient with "small cell lung cancer" as the initial presentation. Because the patient could not bear the surgical treatment, the chemotherapy composed of lobaplatin and etoposide was performed. Three days later, the patient displayed sudden abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and vomiting without obvious inducements. Laboratory tests showed that the levels of serum and urine amylase were enhanced; abdominal computed tomography (CT) result showed the enlargement of the pancreas, peripancreatic effusion, and a rough edge, which suggested the diagnosis of AP. The patient had no history of biliary tract disease, alcoholism, binge overeating, hyperlipidemia, and hereditary pancreatitis. DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with DIP. INTERVENTIONS: The chemotherapy was stopped at once and we performed fluid resuscitation, pain alleviation, prophylactic antibiotics, and nutritional support, etc on the patient. Later, the patient's clinical symptoms were obviously relieved, and she recovered successfully. OUTCOMES: The chemotherapy was continued, but later, the patient showed abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and vomiting again. The levels of serum amylase and urine amylase were enhanced again. Further imaging examination strongly indicated the recurrence of AP. LESSONS: We should raise awareness of the clinicians regarding DIP, thereby enabling its timely diagnosis and accurate treatment, as well as promoting the rational and safe use of drugs.

Anatomic Characteristics, Identification, and Protection of the Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroidectomy.

Objective We aimed to investigate the anatomical features and variation pattern of the nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN), summarize the methods for identifying the NRLN before and during thyroidectomy, and share experiences regarding preventing and treating its injury. Study Design Retrospective case data analysis. Setting First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Subjects and Methods Between January 2002 and May 2016, 7392 patients underwent thyroidectomy in our hospital. Of them, 28 patients with NRLN were identified, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results This study included 7392 patients in which the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) were routinely identified during surgery. The presence of NRLN was intraoperatively confirmed in 28 patients. All the NRLNs were located on the right side and its overall incidence was 0.37%. Five of the NRLNs were classified as type I, 19 as type IIa, and 4 as type IIb. Of the 28 cases, 4 NRLNs were injured during surgery, in which primary end-to-end anastomosis or local seal with corticosteroid injection was performed as a remedy. In the 4 patients with NRLN injury, 2 presented with postoperative hoarseness that indicated vocal cord paralysis confirmed by laryngoscope; the other 2 patients' voices had no significant changes. Conclusion The NRLN, which is rare in clinical practice and predominantly right-sided, is anatomically more complex and variant at a higher risk of surgical injury. The key factors to accurately identify NRLN and to effectively prevent its injury include careful interpretation of auxiliary examination results before surgery, raising awareness of its presence, meticulous dissection, and routine exposure of the RLN during surgery.

Nocardiajiangsuensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from coastal soil.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated strain KLBMP S0027T, was isolated from a coastal soil collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China, and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that this strain belonged to the genus Nocardia and was most closely related to Nocardia harenae WS-26T (98.5 %), Nocardiaasiatica NBRC 100129T (98.5 %), Nocardiaabscessus NBRC 100374T (98.2 %), Nocardia brasiliensis NBRC 14402T (98.2 %) and Nocardiacyriacigeorgica NBRC 100375T (98 %), respectively. The strain showed a combination of chemotaxonomic and morphological properties typical of the genus Nocardia. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (type IV), and whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose and ribose. Strain KLBMP S0027T contained MK-8(H4ω-cycl) as the predominant menaquinone; C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C18 : 0 10-methyl (TBSA) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c) were the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown glycolipid and two unknown lipids. Mycolic acids were detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 70.5 %. However, a combination of DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data demonstrated that strain KLBMP S0027T could be clearly distinguished from the type strain of the most closely related species, N. harenae WS-26T. On the basis of the data presented from a polyphasic study, it was evident that this strain should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia jiangsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP S0027T (=CGMCC 4.7330T=KCTC 39691T).

Acinar cell cystadenoma of the pancreas: A retrospective analysis of ten-year experience from a single academic institution.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Acinar cell cystadenoma (ACA), also referred to as "acinar cystic transformation", is a rare and newly recognized cystic lesion of the pancreas displaying apparent acinar cell differentiation with benign outcomes. We summarized our experience with the diagnosis, clinicopathologic feature, treatment and prognosis of ACA to provide a reference for the disposal of this uncommon condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from eight patients with ACA treated in our hospital between March, 2005 and January, 2015. RESULTS: Among eight patients, five of whom were female and the age at diagnosis ranged from 33 to 67 years (mean, 49.8 y). The most commonly clinical symptom was abdominal pain. Eight lesions were unifocal and either unilocular (n = 5) or multilocular (n = 3) with average size of 10.5 cm (range, 5.1-19.7 cm). All the patients were treated surgically and a definite diagnosis of ACA was obtained by the histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical tests. The length of stay range was from 11 to 17 days and there were no perioperative deaths. At a median follow-up of 57.3 months, all the patients were alive and there was no evidence of recurrence, distant metastasis or malignant transformation. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriately preoperative differential diagnosis of ACA remains challenging and the final result is usually gained by the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Although the origin of ACA is still contradictory, surgery is actively advocated as the most effective method for relieving the symptoms and preventing the tumor from local extension or malignant transformation so as to obtain an optimal long-term survival.

Schiff base - Chitosan grafted L-monoguluronic acid as a novel solid-phase adsorbent for removal of congo red.

A novel modified chitosan adsorbent (GL-SBCS) was synthesized by covalently grafting a Schiff base-chitosan (SBCS) onto the surface of l-monoguluronic acid. Physico-chemical investigation on the adsorption of congo red, an anionic azo dye by GL-SBCS has been carried out. The effect of different weight contents of chitosan in GL-SBCS composite, adsorbent dosage, initial pH and contract time were studied in detail using batch adsorption. Results showed that GL-SBCS exhibited better than normal CS and l-monoguluronic acid. Further investigation demonstrated that the adsorption pattern fitted well with the Langmuir model (R(2)>0.99) but less-satisfied the Freundlich model. Both ionic interaction as well as physical forces is responsible for binding of congo red with GL-SBCS as determined by zeta potential measurement Both sodium chloride and sodium dodecyl sulfate significantly influenced the adsorption process. SBCS would be a good method and resource to increase absorption efficiency for the removal of anionic dyes in a wastewater treatment process.

Tamaricihabitans halophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete of the family Pseudonocardiaceae.

A novel actinomycete strain, designated KLBMP 1356T, was isolated from the root of halophyte Tamarix chinensis Lour. collected from the coastal area of Jiangsu province, PR China. The isolate was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain KLBMP 1356T was phylogenetically related to members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae and formed a distinct monophyletic clade between the genera Amycolatopsis (93.1-94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Prauserella (93.6-95.1 %) and Saccharomonospora (93.2-94.3 %). The isolate displayed long spore chains containing rod-shaped and smooth-surfaced spores. Strain KLBMP 1356T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and galactose, arabinose and glucose as the whole-cell sugars. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H4) and the fatty acid profile was characterized by the predominance of iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c, C17 : 1ω6c and C17 : 0. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown glycolipid. Mycolic acids were not present. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.2 mol%. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strain KLBMP 1356T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Pseudonocardiaceae, for which the name Tamaricihabitans halophyticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is KLBMP 1356T ( = DSM 45765T = NBRC 109361T).

Lentzea guizhouensis sp. nov., a novel lithophilous actinobacterium isolated from limestone from the Karst area, Guizhou, China.

A novel filamentous actinobacterium, designated strain DHS C013(T), was isolated from limestone collected in Guizhou Province, South-west China. Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the strain support its assignment to the genus Lentzea. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain DHS C013(T) is closely related to Lentzea jiangxiensis FXJ1.034(T) (98.7 % 16S rRNA gene similarity) and Lentzea flaviverrucosa 4.0578(T) (98.0 % 16S rRNA gene similarity), but it can be distinguished from these strains based on low levels of DNA:DNA relatedness (~44 and ~37 %, respectively). Physiological and biochemical tests also allowed phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from these closely related species. On the basis of the evidence presented here, strain DHS C013(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea guizhouensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DHS C013(T) (=KCTC 29677(T) = CGMCC 4.7203(T)).

Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the coastal rhizosphere of Artemisia Linn., China.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP S0043(T), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia Linn. collected from the coastal region of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is a member of the genus Nocardia. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP S0043(T) is closely related to Nocardia asteroides NBRC 15531(T) (97.61 %) and Nocardia neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6(T) (97.38 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Nocardia was found to be less than 97.2 %. The organism has chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was identified as MK-8(H4ω-cycl). Mycolic acids were detected. The diagnostic phospholipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as C16:0, C18:0, C18:1ω9c, 10-methyl C18:0 [tuberculostearic acid (TBSA)] and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 71.4 mol%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from its most closely related strains. Based on morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain KLBMP S0043(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP S0043(T) (=CGMCC 4.7204 (T) = KCTC 29678(T)).

Glycomyces phytohabitans sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from the coastal halophyte in Jiangsu, East China.

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1483(T), was isolated from the stem of the coastal plant Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul collected from Nantong, in East China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain KLBMP 1483(T) was affiliated with the genus Glycomyces within the family Glycomycetaceae and shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Glycomyces arizonensis NRRL B-16153(T) (96.7%) and Glycomyces tenuis IFO 15904(T) (96.2%), and lower similarities (94.1-95.1%) to the other members of the genus Glycomyces, which distinguished KLBMP 1483(T) from representatives of the genus Glycomyces. The whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glucose, xylose and galactose. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unknown aminophospholipids, two phosphoglycolipids, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. MK-10(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C16:1 G and anteiso-C17:0. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics presented in this study, strain KLBMP 1483(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Glycomyces phytohabitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1483(T) (NBRC 109116(T)=DSM 45766(T)).

Saccharopolyspora dendranthemae sp. nov. a halotolerant endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal salt marsh plant in Jiangsu, China.

A halotolerant actinomycete strain, designated strain KLBMP 1305(T), was isolated from a salt marsh plant Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul collected from the coastal region of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KLBMP 1305(T) is a member of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain KLBMP 1305(T) was most closely related to 'Saccharopolyspora pathumthaniensis' S582(T) (99.31 %), 'Saccharopolyspora endophytica' YIM 61095(T) (99.17 %) and Saccharopolyspora tripterygii YIM 65359(T) (99.15 %); similarity to other type strains of the genus Saccharopolyspora was <97.2 %. The organism had chemical and morphological features consistent with its classification in the genus Saccharopolyspora such as meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinose and galactose as the diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). The polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and sum in feature 8 (18:1ω7c/18:1ω6c). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the type strain was 68.7 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness data, together with phenotypic differences, clearly distinguished the isolate from its closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Saccharopolyspora dendranthemae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1305(T) (=KCTC 19889(T) = NBRC 108675(T)).

Streptomyces halophytocola sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the surface-sterilized stems of a coastal halophyte Tamarix chinensis Lour.

A novel actinomycete, designated KLBMP 1284(T), was isolated from the surface-sterilized stems of a coastal halophyte Tamarix chinensis Lour. collected from the city of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, east China. The strain was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KLBMP 1284(T) revealed that the strain formed a distinct clade within the phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the highest sequence similarity (99.43 %) was to Streptomyces sulphureus NRRL B-1627(T). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Streptomyces was lower than 97 %. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization values and comparison of morphological and phenotypic data, KLBMP 1284(T) could be distinguished from the closest phylogenetically related species, Streptomyces sulphureus NRRL B-1627(T). Thus, based on these data, it is evident that strain KLBMP 1284(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces halophytocola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1284(T) (= KCTC 19890(T) = NBRC 108770(T)).

Modestobacter roseus sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the coastal halophyte Salicornia europaea Linn., and emended description of the genus Modestobacter.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1279(T), was isolated from surface-sterilized roots of a coastal halophyte, Salicornia europaea Linn., collected from Jiangsu Province, in the east of China. The taxonomic status of this organism was established using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KLBMP 1279(T) was closely related to Modestobacter marinus 42H12-1(T) (99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Modestobacter versicolor CP153-2(T) (98.4%) and Modestobacter multiseptatus AA-826(T) (97.5%). Chemotaxonomic characteristics were consistent with its assignment to the genus Modestobacter in that the isolate had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall, MK-9(H4) as major menaquinone and a polar lipid profile containing diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0 and C17:1ω8c. The DNA G+C content was 71.7 mol%. However, DNA-DNA hybridization assays as well as physiological and biochemical analyses differentiated strain KLBMP 1279(T) from its closest phylogenetic relatives. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, the isolate KLBMP 1279(T) represents a novel species of the genus Modestobacter, for which the name Modestobacter roseus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is KLBMP 1279(T) (=KCTC 19887(T)=NBRC 108673(T)=DSM 45764(T)). An emended description of the genus Modestobacter is also proposed.

Kineococcus endophytica sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal halophyte in Jiangsu, China.

A novel Gram-positive, motile, non-spore-forming coccus-shaped bacterial strain, designated KLBMP 1274(T), was isolated from a halophytic plant (Limonium sinense) collected from the coastal region of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, in east China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain KLBMP 1274(T) belongs to the genus Kineococcus and is closely related to Kineococcus rhizosphaerae RP-B16(T) (98.72 %), Kineococcus aurantiacus IFO 15268(T) (98.71 %), Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216(T) (98.69 %) and Kineococcus gynurae KKD096(T) (97.33 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to other species of the genus Kineococcus was <97 %. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, with arabinose and galactose as the characteristic sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(2)). The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown glycolipid, and three unknown lipids. Major cellular fatty acids were found to be anteiso-C(15: 0) and iso-C(14: 0). The chemotaxonomic data for strain KLBMP 1274(T) were typical of the genus Kineococcus. The total DNA G+C content was 73.4 mol %. DNA-DNA relatedness and differential phenotypic data demonstrated that strain KLBMP 1274(T) was clearly distinguished from all closely related species of the genus Kineococcus. Thus, strain KLBMP 1274(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kineococcus, for which the name Kineococcus endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1274(T) (=KCTC 19886 (T) = NBRC 108674(T)).

Nocardia endophytica sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1256(T), was isolated from a surface-sterilized stem of the oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China, and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate was closely related to members of the genus Nocardia in the family Nocardiaceae, being most closely related to Nocardia callitridis CAP 290(T) (98.4 % similarity) and Nocardia nova JCM 6044(T) (97.5 %). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain KLBMP 1256(T) and the type strains of other recognized species of the genus Nocardia were less than 97 %. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of the new isolate to the genus Nocardia. However, the novel strain could be distinguished from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, N. callitridis CAP 290(T), by a range of phenotypic properties. The combination of low DNA-DNA relatedness values and phenotypic differences from N. callitridis CAP 290(T) indicated that strain KLBMP 1256(T) represents a novel species of the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1256(T) ( = KCTC 19777(T)  = CCTCC AA 2010004(T)).

Pseudonocardia sichuanensis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from the root of Jatropha curcas L.

A novel isolate, designated strain KLBMP 1115(T) was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of oil-seed plant Jatropha curcas L. collected from Sichuan Province, south-west China. Characterization of the isolate was based on a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KLBMP 1115(T) belongs to the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Pseudonocardia and was most closely related to Pseudonocardia adelaidensis EUM 221(T) (98.9%) and Pseudonocardia zijingensis DSM 44774(T) (98.6%), whereas the DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain KLBMP 1115(T) and the two type strains were 47.3 and 39.7%, respectively. Levels of lower similarities to the type strains of other recognized Pseudonocardia species ranged from 94.4 to 98.4%. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8(H(4)). The major fatty acids of strain KLBMP 1115(T) was iso-C(16:0). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain KLBMP 1115(T) were consistent with those shared by members of the genus Pseudonocardia. On the basis of the phenotypic features and the DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain KLBMP 1115(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia sichuanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KLBMP 1115(T) (=KCTC 19781(T) = CCTCC AA 2010002(T)).