Hypoxia-initiated Cysteine-rich protein 61 secretion promotes chemoresistance of acute B lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

The drug resistance is a major obstacle in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) treatment. Our previous study has indicated that increased levels of Cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) in the bone marrow can mitigate the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells, though the specific source of Cyr61 in the bone marrow remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether hypoxia can induce Cyr61 production in B-ALL cells, delineates the underlying mechanisms, and evaluates the effect of Cyr61 on the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells under hypoxia conditions. The results indicate that hypoxia promotes Cyr61 production in B-ALL cells by activating the NF-κB pathway. Increased Cyr61 expression appears to reduce the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cell to vincristine (VCR) and daunorubicin (DNR) through autophagy under hypoxia. Notably, inhibition of Cyr61 restores the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells to both chemotherapeutic agents. This study is the first time to report that hypoxia decreases the chemosensitivity of B-ALL cells by inducing Cyr61 production, suggesting that targeting Cyr61 or its associated pathways could potentially improve the clinical response of B-ALL patients.

Effect of Iron Particles on the Coke Solution Loss Reaction.

The coke solution loss reaction was investigated by using a well-type Si-Mo rod electric furnace. The effects of the CO2 flow rate, reaction time, loading mode, and loading amount of iron particles on the coke solution loss reaction were investigated. By comparing the SEM and EDS before and after the reaction of loaded iron particle coke, the reasons for the influence of loading mode on the coke solution loss reaction were explored, and the mechanism behind it was further explored. The experimental results show that there is a positive proportional relationship between the CO2 flow rate and reaction time with coke solution loss reactivity. The adsorption and addition of iron oxide play an important role in promoting the coke solution loss reaction, but when the saturation point of iron oxide loading is exceeded (1%), the adsorption load of iron particles has little effect on the coke solution loss reaction. At the same reaction temperature, the carbon conversion of the adsorption method is 10% larger than that of the addition method. From the analysis of SEM, it can be seen that the mechanism of iron particles affecting the coke solution loss reaction is different under the two loading modes. In the addition method, some iron particles are wrapped in a coke pore wall matrix, so they cannot play a role. In the adsorption process, iron particles are uniformly distributed on the coke surface, which provide more effective catalytic active centers. In addition, when iron particles are loaded by the addition method, they participate in coke formation, which affects the coke structure and then affects the coke solution loss reaction. The iron particles in the adsorption method play a catalytic role in the coke solution loss reaction.

Epidemiology of Humanpapilloma virus infection among women in Fujian, China.

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main etiological factor for the development of cervical cancer. Here we assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in Fujian population. METHODS: A total of 8678 women aging from 17 to 84 years olds were recruited from the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital in Fujian Province. Every woman had a face-to-face interview. Cervical samples were collected from each participant and HPV screening was conducted using microarray hybridization. RESULTS: Our study showed that the HPV prevalence in Fujian province was 38.3%. Among the positive individuals, 70.6% were detected for single HPV infection, 29.4% for multiple HPV infections. Further analysis showed that the prevalence of HPV infection significantly increased from 2009 to 2015. The four most common high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%), HPV52 (7.9%), HPV58 (6.2%), HPV 53 (3.5%), collectively accounting for 60.5% of all detected HPV infection. Age subgroup analysis showed two peaks for the frequencies of overall and multiple HPV infections, one for the group of women under 25 years old, and the other for the group over 55 years old. CONCLUSIONS: HPV infection is becoming serious in Fujian province, which indicates the imperative to implement a HPV vaccination and screening program for this region.

Study on the optimal moisture adding rate of brown rice during germination by using segmented moisture conditioning method.

The aim of this study was to find out the optimal moisture adding rate of brown rice during the process of germination. The process of water addition in brown rice could be divided into three stages according to different water absorption speeds in soaking process. Water was added with three different speeds in three stages to get the optimal water adding rate in the whole process of germination. Thus, the technology of segmented moisture conditioning which is a method of adding water gradually was put forward. Germinated brown rice was produced by using segmented moisture conditioning method to reduce the loss of water-soluble nutrients and was beneficial to the accumulation of gamma aminobutyric acid. The effects of once moisture adding amount in three stages on the gamma aminobutyric acid content in germinated brown rice and germination rate of brown rice were investigated by using response surface methodology. The optimum process parameters were obtained as follows: once moisture adding amount of stage I with 1.06 %/h, once moisture adding amount of stage II with 1.42 %/h and once moisture adding amount of stage III with 1.31 %/h. The germination rate under the optimum parameters was 91.33 %, which was 7.45 % higher than that of germinated brown rice produced by soaking method (84.97 %). The content of gamma aminobutyric acid in germinated brown rice under the optimum parameters was 29.03 mg/100 g, which was more than two times higher than that of germinated brown rice produced by soaking method (12.81 mg/100 g). The technology of segmented moisture conditioning has potential applications for studying many other cereals.