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1.
Toxicol Rep ; 8: 1229-1239, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34195014

ABSTRACT

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has demonstrated to be safe and effective in primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Previously, we have designed a high-dose CoQ10 oleogel (1 g/disk) with excipients used in quantities that do not represent any toxic risk. However, it was necessary to demonstrate their safety in the final formulation. Following this purpose, an acute toxicity study of the oleogel in rats was performed. Furthermore, the genotoxic risk was evaluated in human volunteers after CoQ10 supplementation with oleogel and compared to the solid form (1 g/three 00-size-capsules). In addition, the general health status and possible biochemical changes of the participants were determined using serum parameters. Results suggested the absence of adverse effects caused by the interaction of the components in the oleogel formulation. Therefore, we conclude that the designed novel high-dose CoQ10 oleogel was safe for oral consumption.

2.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 25(6): 5950-5959, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29235034

ABSTRACT

In some rural areas in Argentina, adolescents may be considered as a group indirectly exposed to agrochemicals because their parents plant small crops near their homes. This could become a health risk to children and adolescents who may be more sensitive to exposure to chemicals than adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health status of two different groups of Argentinian adolescents using biochemical parameters, dietary information, and cytogenetic biomarkers of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The study groups included 32 adolescents from Montecarlo, who were indirectly exposed to agrochemicals, and 30 unexposed adolescents from Exaltación de la Cruz. The values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, gamma glutamyltransferase, and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were higher (p < 0.05) in males from Exaltación de la Cruz compared with those from Montecarlo. The BuChE activity was also higher (p < 0.05) in females from this region. Furthermore, the consumption of citrus, vegetable-like fruits, tubers, and red meat was more frequent (p < 0.05) in Montecarlo. On the other hand, differences in frequency of biomarkers of genetic damage in lymphocytes were not found (p > 0.05). However, the cytome assay in buccal cells showed that karyorrhectic and pyknotic cells were more frequent (p < 0.05) in the Montecarlo group; whereas, the frequencies of cells with nuclear buds, condensed chromatin and karyolysis were higher (p < 0.05) in the Exaltación de la Cruz group. Despite the differences between the parameters and biomarkers evaluated, the adolescents of Montecarlo did not present health impairment probably due to the type and level of exposure to agrochemicals.


Subject(s)
Agrochemicals/toxicity , Health Status , Mutagens/toxicity , Adolescent , Argentina , Biomarkers , Cell Death , Cell Nucleus , Child , Crops, Agricultural , DNA Damage , Female , Humans , Lymphocytes , Male , Micronucleus Tests , Mouth Mucosa , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Particulate Matter/toxicity
3.
Mutat Res ; 721(1): 108-13, 2011 Mar 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21255674

ABSTRACT

The genotoxicity of two nitroimidazole derivatives, ornidazole (ONZ) and metronidazole (MTZ) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Cebus libidinosus (CLI) (Primates, Cebidae) was assessed. Endpoints measured included sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, cell proliferation kinetics (CPK), replication index (RI), mitotic index (MI), and damage incidence in or near CLI heterochromatin regions. MI and SCE values following ONZ or MTZ treatments were significantly different (p<0.001) from control. SCE frequency per chromosome was not proportional to chromosome length. The chromosomes most affected for SCE were 1, 2, 4, 6, 11-13, 17, and 18, many of which possess interstitial or terminal heterochromatin. In the CLI genome, chromosomes 11 and 17 showed higher susceptibility to damage RI was the only biomarker that did not show statistically significant differences between control and treated cultures. C. libidinosus bands 11q1.4 and 11q1.5 may be hot-spots in the context of nitroimidazole exposure.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers/analysis , DNA Damage , Genomic Instability , Metronidazole/toxicity , Mutagens/toxicity , Ornidazole/toxicity , Animals , Cebus , Mitotic Index , Sister Chromatid Exchange
4.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol ; 61(2): 337-43, 2011 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20957353

ABSTRACT

Drinking arsenic (As)-laden water for a long time affects a population's health and leads to chronic hydroarsenicism, which is associated with an increased incidence of different types of cancer. To determine the potential genotoxic risk associated with different degrees of environmental exposure to inorganic As by way of drinking water, micronuclei (MN) frequency in exfoliated buccal cells was evaluated in Argentina among rural populations of Santiago del Estero and urban populations of Buenos Aires. The exposed group in Santiago del Estero (La Firmeza and Santos Lugares localities) showed a significant increase in MN frequency in epithelial cells compared with controls (Monte Quemado and Urutau localities) (p = 0.0005). With regard to the Buenos Aires groups, Navarro individuals (the exposed group) exhibited a significant difference compared with controls (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires) (p = 0.0002). Comparison of MN frequencies between Santiago del Estero and Buenos Aires individuals showed that genotoxic effects of As in drinking water exhibit variation between rural and urban groups, probably due to individual susceptibility being an important incidence factor. The results clearly show that MN assay in buccal mucosa cells is an ideal methodology with which to measure potential genetic risk related to environmental As exposure in humans.


Subject(s)
Arsenic/analysis , Drinking Water/analysis , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Micronucleus Tests/methods , Mouth Mucosa/cytology , Adult , Aged , Argentina , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Epithelial Cells/chemistry , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Supply/analysis , Young Adult
5.
Biomarkers ; 15(1): 52-60, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19811113

ABSTRACT

In the present study we report data obtained from the evaluation of subjects occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures from Santa Fe province, Argentina, using biomarkers for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (by TBARS assay) and the Damage Index Comet Assay (DICA). Our results showed an AChE inhibition (25% and 15% in directly and indirectly groups, respectively) in relation to controls with no significant modifications in BChE. TBARS levels were higher (51%) in pesticide sprayers while CAT activity was reduced in both, applicators (61%) and non-applicators (43%). DICA was significantly increased in direct (83%) and indirect (98%) exposed groups, compared with controls. These results showed modifications in lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence system, and DNA damage in lymphocytes of exposed workers. Further investigations are suggested in order to link our findings with adverse health effects observed in chronic pesticide toxicity, where oxidative damage plays a pathophysiological role.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnosis , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Pesticides/adverse effects , Acetylcholinesterase/analysis , Acetylcholinesterase/blood , Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/blood , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/etiology , Argentina , Biomarkers/blood , Butyrylcholinesterase/analysis , Butyrylcholinesterase/blood , Case-Control Studies , Catalase/analysis , Catalase/blood , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Female , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
8.
Toxicol Lett ; 132(2): 109-15, 2002 Jun 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12044544

ABSTRACT

Tinidazole (TNZ), ornidazole (ONZ) and metronidazole (MTZ) are antiparasitic drugs (nitroimidazole derivatives) that have proven to be effective against Trichomonas vaginalis, Entoamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Helicobacter pylori. The reduction of the nitro group and the generation of short-lived reactive intermediates are the basis of its parasiticidal activity. This reduction is associated with its mutagenic activity in bacteria, although in mammalian cells DNA damage seems to be related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using alkaline single cell electrophoresis, a significant increase in single strand breaks and alkali labile sites in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) exposed to MTZ, ONZ and TNZ at 10, 100 and 500 microg/ml is observed. MTZ causes less damage, especially at higher concentrations, when compared with TNZ, the most harmful of the drugs tested. These findings suggest that primary damage is induced under aerobic conditions and confirms that these nitroimidazoles are DNA damaging agents.


Subject(s)
Antitrichomonal Agents/toxicity , DNA Damage/genetics , DNA, Single-Stranded/drug effects , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Nitroimidazoles/toxicity , Adult , Cells, Cultured , Comet Assay , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Lymphocytes/blood , Male , Metronidazole/toxicity , Ornidazole/toxicity , Tinidazole/toxicity
9.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 9(1): 4-8, jul. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-356465

ABSTRACT

Los estudios del daño al DNA por agentes químicos se realizan en distintos niveles según el sistema experimental que se utilice. Es así que los ensayos propuestos para el monitoreo biológico se presentan en cuatro niveles diferentes: a) primer nivel: ensayos moleculares o en bacterias; b) segundo nivel: pruebas in vitro en células de cultivo; c) tercer nivel: análisis in vivo ; d) estudios en poblaciones expuestas. Se pueden evaluar tanto agentes químicos o físicos, como muestras de suelo, agua o aire (mezclas complejas). Se trabajó con ensayos de corto plazo (ECPs) para evaluar el daño genético potencial de diferentes agente químocos, productos naturales o contaminantes ambientales. En la actualidad, el interés particular consiste en caracterizar de modo exhaustivo diferentes derivados nitroimidazólicos como mebendazol (MBZ), tiabendazol (TBZ), metronidazol (MTZ) y ornidazol (ONZ), por su uso muy difundido como drogas antiparasitarias. El trabajo fue desarrollado con un amplio espectro de biomarcadores: aberraciones cromosónicas, cinética de proliferación celular, intercambio de cromátidas hermanas, retraso en anafase, micronúcleos, mutaciones de punto, recombinación somática, etcétera. Los estudios se han realizado en niveles crecientes de complejidad: nivel II (estudios in vitro en cultivos de célñulas de roedores y primates), nivel III (estudios in vivo en células de discos imaginales de insectos, células de médula ósea de roedores y linfocitos de primates) y nivel IV (estudios epidemiológicos en poblaciones humanas expuestas). Estos estudios que conllevan un enfoque multidisciplinario sobre un problema mediante el uso de distintos modelos animales son herramientas muy valiosas y pueden aplicarse al estudio de distintos contaminantes ambientales o a mezclas complejas.


Subject(s)
Biological Assay , Chemical Compounds , Mutagenicity Tests , Environmental Monitoring
10.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 9(1): 4-8, jul. 2001. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-4941

ABSTRACT

Los estudios del daño al DNA por agentes químicos se realizan en distintos niveles según el sistema experimental que se utilice. Es así que los ensayos propuestos para el monitoreo biológico se presentan en cuatro niveles diferentes: a) primer nivel: ensayos moleculares o en bacterias; b) segundo nivel: pruebas in vitro en células de cultivo; c) tercer nivel: análisis in vivo ; d) estudios en poblaciones expuestas. Se pueden evaluar tanto agentes químicos o físicos, como muestras de suelo, agua o aire (mezclas complejas). Se trabajó con ensayos de corto plazo (ECPs) para evaluar el daño genético potencial de diferentes agente químocos, productos naturales o contaminantes ambientales. En la actualidad, el interés particular consiste en caracterizar de modo exhaustivo diferentes derivados nitroimidazólicos como mebendazol (MBZ), tiabendazol (TBZ), metronidazol (MTZ) y ornidazol (ONZ), por su uso muy difundido como drogas antiparasitarias. El trabajo fue desarrollado con un amplio espectro de biomarcadores: aberraciones cromosónicas, cinética de proliferación celular, intercambio de cromátidas hermanas, retraso en anafase, micronúcleos, mutaciones de punto, recombinación somática, etcétera. Los estudios se han realizado en niveles crecientes de complejidad: nivel II (estudios in vitro en cultivos de célñulas de roedores y primates), nivel III (estudios in vivo en células de discos imaginales de insectos, células de médula ósea de roedores y linfocitos de primates) y nivel IV (estudios epidemiológicos en poblaciones humanas expuestas). Estos estudios que conllevan un enfoque multidisciplinario sobre un problema mediante el uso de distintos modelos animales son herramientas muy valiosas y pueden aplicarse al estudio de distintos contaminantes ambientales o a mezclas complejas. (AU)


Subject(s)
Mutagenicity Tests , Biological Assay , Chemical Compounds , Environmental Monitoring
11.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 32(3): 333-61, sept. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-235064

ABSTRACT

El óxido de etileno (OE), compuesto de amplio uso en la esterilización de materiales médico-quirúrgicos, es un agente alquilante con actividad mutagénica en distintos sistemas experimentales y probable carcinógeno en humanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la sensibilidad de parámetros bioquímicos y citogenéticos en la determinación de daño inducido por OE en 12 técnicos de una central de esterilización con sus correspondientes controles. Los marcadores biológicos incluyeron: hemograma; electroforesis de hemoglobina; separación electroforética de proteínas séricas; determinación de la concentración sérica de bilirrubina: total y directa; determinación de la actividad de aminotransferasas: ALAT y ASAT, lactato deshidrogenasa y fosfatasa alcalina; fraccionamiento electroforético de fosfatasa alcalina. Al mismo tiempo en cultivo de linfocitos de sangre periférica se determinó la frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas/célula (AC), la variación del índice mitótico (IM) y la cinética de proliferación celular expresado como índice de replicación (IR). El análisis del fraccionamiento de la fosfatasa alcalina, reveló la presencia de fosfatasa alcalina placentaria en seis de los individuos expuestos. Asimismo, en los estudios de genotoxicidad, se observó un incremento estadísticamente significativo de la frecuencia de AC (p < 0,01) y una disminución tanto del IM (p < 0,0001) como del IR (0,001). Estos datos corroboran los efectos tóxicos del OE y demuestran la importancia de implementar una batería de marcadores biológicos en los estudios de monitoreo humano


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , In Vitro Techniques , Biomarkers/blood , Ethylene Oxide/adverse effects , Alkaline Phosphatase/drug effects , Blood/drug effects , Carcinogens/analysis , Chemistry, Clinical , Chromosome Aberrations , Cytogenetics/trends , Sterilization/instrumentation , Mitotic Index , Sister Chromatid Exchange , Biomarkers/analysis , Mutagenicity Tests , Mutagens/adverse effects , Ethylene Oxide/pharmacology , Liver Function Tests
12.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 32(3): 333-61, sept. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-16164

ABSTRACT

El óxido de etileno (OE), compuesto de amplio uso en la esterilización de materiales médico-quirúrgicos, es un agente alquilante con actividad mutagénica en distintos sistemas experimentales y probable carcinógeno en humanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la sensibilidad de parámetros bioquímicos y citogenéticos en la determinación de daño inducido por OE en 12 técnicos de una central de esterilización con sus correspondientes controles. Los marcadores biológicos incluyeron: hemograma; electroforesis de hemoglobina; separación electroforética de proteínas séricas; determinación de la concentración sérica de bilirrubina: total y directa; determinación de la actividad de aminotransferasas: ALAT y ASAT, lactato deshidrogenasa y fosfatasa alcalina; fraccionamiento electroforético de fosfatasa alcalina. Al mismo tiempo en cultivo de linfocitos de sangre periférica se determinó la frecuencia de aberraciones cromosómicas/célula (AC), la variación del índice mitótico (IM) y la cinética de proliferación celular expresado como índice de replicación (IR). El análisis del fraccionamiento de la fosfatasa alcalina, reveló la presencia de fosfatasa alcalina placentaria en seis de los individuos expuestos. Asimismo, en los estudios de genotoxicidad, se observó un incremento estadísticamente significativo de la frecuencia de AC (p < 0,01) y una disminución tanto del IM (p < 0,0001) como del IR (0,001). Estos datos corroboran los efectos tóxicos del OE y demuestran la importancia de implementar una batería de marcadores biológicos en los estudios de monitoreo humano (AU)


Subject(s)
Comparative Study , Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , In Vitro Techniques , Ethylene Oxide/adverse effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Biomarkers/blood , Ethylene Oxide/pharmacology , Mitotic Index/drug effects , Blood/drug effects , Alkaline Phosphatase/drug effects , Biomarkers/analysis , Chromosome Aberrations , Carcinogens/analysis , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Mutagens/adverse effects , Liver Function Tests/statistics & numerical data , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Cytogenetics/trends , Chemistry, Clinical , Sterilization/instrumentation
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