Intervention Program Dropout Among Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-Analysis of Correlated Variables.

Dropout in perpetrator intervention programs (PIPs) is extensively documented in the literature, yet findings across various studies exhibit global inconsistency. This meta-analysis aimed to identify dropout rates among individuals attending PIPs and examine sociodemographic, violence-related, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and external variables related to dropout. A search was conducted across six databases, encompassing studies published between 2010 and 2022 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Thirty manuscripts, comprising data from 31 independent samples, were included. Dropout rates varied from 9% to 67%. Bivariate analysis results indicated that younger age (OR = 0.69), non-White ethnicity (OR = 1.54), unemployment (OR = 1.78), offender typology other than family only (OR = 2.45), substance abuse (OR = 1.78), presenting a personality disorder (OR = 1.21), engaging in problematic leisure activities (OR = 1.28), possessing a greater criminal history (OR = 1.47), and experiencing more adversity in childhood (OR = 1.44) were significantly correlated with dropout. Additionally, the inclusion of motivational strategies in treatment (OR = 0.44) significantly decreased the likelihood of dropout. Results from multivariate analyses revealed that younger age (OR = 0.63), presenting a personality disorder (OR = 1.73), and experiencing more adversity in childhood (OR = 2.16) were significantly associated with dropout. Notably, intimate partner violence characteristics established a significant negative relation with dropout (OR = 0.59). Findings indicate that variables associated with dropout align with those related to general and intimate partner violence recidivism, suggesting that individuals requiring more intensive intervention are those who derive less benefit from it.

The impact of imprisonment on individuals' mental health and society reintegration: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Prison sentences are a particular type of penalty that aim to reintegrate individuals into society. Nonetheless, research suggests that prison sentences have a null or a criminogenic effect on recidivism and a critical impact on inmates' mental health, negatively interfering with their successful reintegration into society and recidivism. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders among individuals who commit crimes are high, but little is known about how incarceration perpetuates and/or worsens mental health symptoms. In the Portuguese context, no studies focused on understanding the impact of imprisonment on prisoners' mental health. Thus, this project aims to understand incarceration's mental health and well-being impact on male and female individuals convicted to prison, both while incarcerated and after release. METHODS: The study will follow a quantitative cross-sectional design of male and female individuals in prison and parole, aiming to assess different samples at different moments of the prison sentence. It will also follow a longitudinal design in a subsample of male and female individuals sentenced to prison and on parole who will be followed for one year. DISCUSSION: This study intends to have a meaningful impact on the understanding of imprisonment effects, giving important clues for developing and implementing evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address prisoners' and ex-prisoners' mental health and improve their ability to successfully reintegrate into society and reduce recidivism.

Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence and COVID-19-Related Anxiety During the Second Lockdown in Portugal: The Mediating Role of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress.

Purpose: The restrictions imposed during lockdown by COVID-19 pandemic entailed increased risks for the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV). Widespread fear and uncertainty related to the virus and the policies adopted to contain it have been linked to a set of social, emotional, and economic stressors that can increase the risk of IPV. The present study aims to assess the association between COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress), and IPV perpetration in the community, as well as to assess the mediating role of psychological distress and depression, anxiety, and stress in the relationship between COVID-19-related anxiety and the perpetration of IPV. Methods: A sample of 336 participants (282 females, Mage = 34.91, SD = 11.72) was recruited from the Portuguese population through an online self-report questionnaire, completed after the second lockdown (from April and July 2021). Results: High rates of IPV perpetration during the confinement, in particular psychological and physical IPV, were found. COVID-19-related anxiety and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) were related to higher levels of IPV perpetration. Psychological distress and stress mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related anxiety and total IPV perpetration and psychological distress and depression mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related anxiety and psychological IPV perpetration. Conclusions: This study highlights the mediating role of psychological distress on IPV perpetration. Practical implications for intervention policies in IPV perpetration will be discussed.

Motivational Interview Techniques and the Effectiveness of Intervention Programs With Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is widely recognized as a severe public health issue. Perpetrators' Intervention Programs (PIPs) have been essential to prevent recidivism, and the incorporation of Motivational Interview Techniques (MIT) has shown to be an added value in this area. Objective: The present systematic review aims to analyze the incorporation of MIT (i.e., pre-treatment, isolated treatment, and conjoined with PIPs) in interventions with IPV perpetrators and its potential impact on their behavior and attitudes regarding motivation for change and treatment compliance. Method: The following research equation was used: "Intimate Partner Violence" AND ("Perpetrator" OR "Batterer" OR "Offender") AND ("Motivation" OR "Motivational Interview") AND ("Intervention" OR "Intervention Program" OR "Batterer Intervention Program") AND ("Effectiveness OR "Program Effectiveness"); in four separate databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, and EBSCO. Studies in English, Portuguese, and Spanish were included, and 15 were identified according to the defined inclusion criteria. Results: Studies demonstrated that MIT increases attendance rates, treatment adherence, motivation for change, and behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. More specifically, MIT showed greater effectiveness among participants with low readiness to change and in the early stages of change. Conclusion: This systematic review corroborates the importance of incorporating MIT in PIPs to improve intervention efficacy.

Psychosocial risks factors among victim support workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a study with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Being a victim support worker (VSW) involves exposure to victims' suffering, pain, and traumatic events, which may trigger the risk of VSWs developing mental health problems. Psychosocial risks (PSR) and work-related stress are considered the most challenging issues in occupational safety and health, considering they impact individuals, organizations, and economies. METHODS: The purpose of the present study was to identify the PSR in a sample of 196 Portuguese victim support workers (VSW) (Mean age = 36.49; SD = 10.52). A questionnaire with socio-demographic characteristics, variables related to VSW's job, and the Portuguese medium version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) were used to assess these professionals' perception of PSR factors. RESULTS: The results reveal that although VSW recognizes some psychosocial factors favourable to their health and well-being, they also identify some PSR that place them at intermediate and severe risk, i.e., emotional and cognitive demands, which are the main areas of risk to the VSW. VSW over 38 years old scored higher in job insecurity, burnout, and offensive behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: These findings give important insights into the areas that must be enhanced in this context involving VSW. Additionally, the results highlight the relevance of encouraging a healthy and supportive work environment, preventing and promoting the health and well-being of VSW, particularly when considering the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Looking at crime-communities and physical spaces: A curated dataset.

This article describes a curated dataset entitled "Looking at Crime: Communities and Physical Spaces", which comprises data from different sources, namely Diagnosis of Local Security (DLS), Diagnosis of School Environment (DSE) and observation of physical spaces. The main topic covered was crime and related variables at the Historic Centre of Porto (HCP), a well-known urban area located in the North of Portugal. It is currently attended by inhabitants, workers, students and tourists. This dataset includes i) data from two different self-reports: i.1) demographics, perception of (in)security, victimization, social control and community cohesion obtained through an inquiry applied to the adult community; and i.2) data from school climate and students behavioural problems, which may be seen as risk factors for juvenile delinquency, collected through a web-survey applied to school personnel; and ii) data from observation of physical spaces, attending to the Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles. The dataset allows descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, being useful for students, academics, stakeholders, police forces and policy-makers, to better understand crime and its related variables, forecast criminal incidents, and further develop associated preventive and intervention programmes.

Associations between Cues of Sexual Desire and Sexual Attitudes in Portuguese Women.

Sexuality is defined as a multidimensional experience that involves genital, mental, and bodily components. It is also assumed as a basic condition inherent to the human existence that encourages the search for love, intimacy, sex, and proximity to others. The main objective of this study is to assess the relationship between cues of sexual desire and sexual attitudes in Portuguese women. This is a cross-sectional study with 804 Portuguese women to whom the protocol was applied. It included an informed consent, a sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire related to intimacy, a scale of sexual attitudes, and the scale of cues of sexual desire. The protocol was applied via Google Forms due to the current pandemic situation (COVID-19). Differences were found in sexual attitudes and the cues of sexual desire in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, as well as in terms of women's intimacy. Significant correlations were found between the brief sexual attitudes scale (BSAS) and the cues of sexual desire scale (CSDS). Age, sexual orientation, relation nature, sexual practices, visual proximity cues, erotic explicit cues, and sensory explicit cues explain, altogether, 25% of the total sexual attitudes. Additionally, age, sexual orientation, the relation's nature, sexual practices, visual proximity cues, emotional bonding cues, romantic implicit cues, erotic explicit cues, and sensory explicit cues explain, altogether, 30% of the permissiveness. Sexual attitudes are developed under the influence of sociodemographic variables, variables related to women's intimacy, and cues of sexual desire, which are new data in the study of sexual attitudes and have implications at the level of gender issues.

Beliefs on Marital Violence Among Portuguese Adolescents: Monitoring Their Evolution and Relationship With Dating Violence.

In the last two decades, the problem of violence in the family sphere in particular and in intimate relationships in general has been on the agenda for Portuguese governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Several initiatives and campaigns have been launched, which are aimed at reducing occurrence of this violence, particularly among teenagers. This present study aims to assess the evolution in adolescents' attitudes and behaviors concerning intimate partner violence. We collected data from a sample of adolescents (n = 913) to compare with corresponding data collected 7 years ago by Neves and Nogueira (2010) in a sample that had identical sociodemographic characteristics (n = 899). Both cohorts resided in the same areas in the northeastern region of Portugal. The instruments used were the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC; Neves & Nogueira, 2010). The results indicate that although respondents tend to reject traditional beliefs on marital violence more now than in the past, especially male and older respondents, the percentage of dating violence reports has not decreased. Among girls, there was even an increase in perpetration of emotional and mild physical violence. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy between the evolution of attitudes and behaviors and make suggestions for improvement in the actions implemented among teenagers to increase their effectiveness.

Adverse childhood experiences and delinquent behaviour: Predictors and mediating variables

ABSTRACT Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been identified as a risk factor for the development of mental health and behavioural outcomes throughout life, including delinquent behaviours. This article focuses on the relationship between ACEs and delinquent behaviour (DB), seeking to identify predictors and mediating variables. Methods: The quantitative study comprised 175 Portuguese adolescents, aged 12 and 17 years of age (M = 14.99, SD = 2.26). Results: ACEs and exposure to traumatic events (ETE) are predictive of DB. Antisocial traits (AT) was found to be mediating the relationship between ACEs and DB, as well as the relation between ETE and DB. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is necessary that professionals in health behaviour field prevent and intervene in ACEs and in ETE, both predictors of DB. The results of this study allow to understand the role of ACEs in DB and its mediating variables, which must be considered to mitigate the harmful impact of ACEs in DB.

Cyber and Offline Dating Abuse in a Portuguese Sample: Prevalence and Context of Abuse.

The increasing use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and networking has promoted the occurrence of different forms of victimization, specifically in terms of interpersonal interaction (e.g., cyberbullying or online risk-taking behaviour), which also includes cyber dating abuse (CDA). Some studies report that CDA is an extension of offline dating abuse (ODA). Because Portuguese studies in this area are scarce, this study aims to bridge this knowledge gap, seeking to investigate the extent and the context of CDA occurrence, and the relationship between CDA and all forms of ODA, i.e., physical, verbal-emotional and control. A convenience sample of 173 Portuguese adolescents and young adults was studied. This sample is mostly female (86.7%), has a mean (M) age of 25.36 years old and a standard deviation (SD) of 6.88 years of age. The results show that CDA and ODA among the Portuguese are very prevalent and related. Control (31.8 vs. 20.8%) and verbal-emotional ODA (26.7 vs. 20.2%) as well as control CDA (38.2 vs. 43.4%) were the most prevalent forms of abuse, either in terms of victimization or in terms of perpetration. The results also showed that CDA usually appears in a context of jealousy, also explaining control CDA and CDA direct aggression. A significant relationship between control CDA and CDA direct aggression and physical, verbal-emotional and control ODA was found. Experiencing control and verbal-emotional ODA are the main risk factors of control CDA victimization. This study allows to lay the groundwork for further research on dating victimization and perpetration through ICT, and has important practical implications at the level of Portuguese prevention strategies and intervention policies, thus emphasizing the role of the official authorities and the law itself.

The Mediating Effect of Parental Involvement on School Climate and Behavior Problems: School Personnel Perceptions.

As a reflection of the culture and norms of the school community, the school climate (SC) is a potential factor connected to students' major behavior problems (BP). Parental involvement (PI) is considered as an essential factor for SC, contributing to promote good students' educational results, as well as better social functioning. The present study aimed to analyze the mediating effect of PI on the relationship between SC and BP, taking into consideration the school personnel perceptions. A total of 329 school personnel (teachers versus no teachers) aged between 29 and 66 (M = 50.78, SD = 7.56), mainly female (79%), were integrated in the sample. Based on the perception of the school personnel, the results indicate moderate level of PI and SC, as well as the existence of different BP in the school context. The mediating effect of PI in the relationship between the SC and BP has been demonstrated. These results suggest that, if the SC and PI are improved, it could be an effective strategy to enhance the social functioning of students in the school context. This study thus contributes to a comprehensive empirical analysis of how PI can improve the relationship between the SC and the BP of Portuguese students.

Risk factors for antisocial behavior in children: comparison between boys and girls / Fatores de risco de comportamento antissocial em crianças: comparação entre rapazes e garotas

Recognizing the importance of assessing the risk of antisocial behavior, this study aimed to characterize the risk factors for the occurrence of antisocial behavior, seeking to understand if there are differences between boys and girls. Eighty-five cases of children referred by the promotion and protection system due to the display of antisocial behaviors were reviewed. A total of 65 were boys and 20 were girls, aged between six and eleven years. Data collection was performed using the Portuguese version of the risk assessment instruments Early Assessment Risk List for boys and for girls. Gender differences were assessed, with boys exhibiting a higher risk level for antisocial behavior, adopting more serious behaviors (e.g., impulsive behaviors). Girls engaged in less serious behavior (e.g., disrespect). By characterizing the most prevalent risk factors, the results of this study may contribute to the identification of intervention priorities.

Reconhecendo a importância da avaliação do risco de comportamentos antissociais, com este estudo pretendeu-se caracterizar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência do comportamento antissocial, procurando perceber se existem diferenças entre rapazes e garotas. Foram analisados 85 processos de crianças sinalizadas ao sistema de promoção e proteção devido à exibição de comportamentos antissociais, 65 referentes a rapazes e 20 a garotas, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os onze anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada com recurso à versão portuguesa dos instrumentos de avaliação de risco Early Assessment Risk List para rapazes e garatas. Apuraram-se diferenças entre sexos, com os rapazes a apresentar um nível de risco para o comportamento antissocial mais elevado, adotando comportamentos mais gravosos (e.g., comportamentos de impulsividade). As garotas, adotam comportamentos menos gravosos (e.g., desrespeito). Ao caracterizar os fatores de risco mais prevalentes, os resultados deste estudo podem contribuir para a identificação de prioridades de intervenção.

Violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo: estudo de prevalência / La violência en las relaciones íntimas de personas del mismo sexo: estudio de prevalencia

Este estudo procurou caracterizar a prevalência da violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo em Portugal, recorrendo às Escalas de Táticas de Conflito Revisadas. Participaram neste estudo 168 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, cuja média de idade foi de 22,5 anos (DP=3,79), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (76,2%). Em termos de perpetração, os resultados revelaram uma elevação da agressão psicológica (70,2% na ligeira e 29,8% na severa); uma ligeira elevação dos atos que não deixam sequelas (26,8% no ligeiro e 9,5% no severo) e, ainda, uma preponderância da coerção sexual ligeira (28%). Em relação a vitimação, constatou-se igualmente uma preponderância da agressão psicológica ligeira (69,2%). Os homens admitiram adotar mais comportamentos de coerção sexual, tanto na forma ligeira como severa. Foi ainda possível apurar a existência de uma relação positiva e significativa entre a duração do relacionamento íntimo e a vitimação por agressão psicológica ligeira. Estes resultados apelam à elaboração de respostas de apoio específicas para os diferentes tipos de vítimas, bem como a aposta na implementação de esforços preventivos mais contextualizados às diferentes realidades.(AU)

Este estudio trata de caracterizar la prevalencia de la violencia en las relaciones íntimas entre parejas del mismo sexo en Portugal, utilizando la Escala Táctica de Conflictos Revisada. El estudio incluyó 168 participantes, de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años, cuya edad media fue de 22.5 (DE = 3.79), la mayoría de los cuales eran mujeres (76.2%). En cuanto a la agresión, los resultados mostraron un aumento en la agresión psicológica (70.2% en agresiones leves y graves en el 29.8%); un ligero aumento de los actos que no dejan secuelas (26.8% leves y 9.5% graves) y también un ligero predominio de la coacción sexual (28%). En el nivel de victimización, también se encontró una ligera preponderancia de la agresión psicológica (69.2%). Los hombres admitieron que realizan más conductas de coacción sexual, tanto en forma leve y grave. También fue posible determinar la existencia de una relación positiva y significativa entre la duración de la relación íntima y la victimización por agresiones psicológica leves. Estos resultados apelan a la elaboración de respuestas específicas de apoyo a los diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como a una apuesta en el desarrollo e implementación de medidas preventivas más adecuadas a las diferentes realidades.(AU)

Violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo: estudo de prevalência / La violência en las relaciones íntimas de personas del mismo sexo: estudio de prevalencia / Violence in intimate relationship between same sex partners: prevalence study

Este estudo procurou caracterizar a prevalência da violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo em Portugal, recorrendo às Escalas de Táticas de Conflito Revisadas. Participaram neste estudo 168 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, cuja média de idade foi de 22,5 anos (DP=3,79), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (76,2%). Em termos de perpetração, os resultados revelaram uma elevação da agressão psicológica (70,2% na ligeira e 29,8% na severa); uma ligeira elevação dos atos que não deixam sequelas (26,8% no ligeiro e 9,5% no severo) e, ainda, uma preponderância da coerção sexual ligeira (28%). Em relação a vitimação, constatou-se igualmente uma preponderância da agressão psicológica ligeira (69,2%). Os homens admitiram adotar mais comportamentos de coerção sexual, tanto na forma ligeira como severa. Foi ainda possível apurar a existência de uma relação positiva e significativa entre a duração do relacionamento íntimo e a vitimação por agressão psicológica ligeira. Estes resultados apelam à elaboração de respostas de apoio específicas para os diferentes tipos de vítimas, bem como a aposta na implementação de esforços preventivos mais contextualizados às diferentes realidades.

Este estudio trata de caracterizar la prevalencia de la violencia en las relaciones íntimas entre parejas del mismo sexo en Portugal, utilizando la Escala Táctica de Conflictos Revisada. El estudio incluyó 168 participantes, de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años, cuya edad media fue de 22.5 (DE = 3.79), la mayoría de los cuales eran mujeres (76.2%). En cuanto a la agresión, los resultados mostraron un aumento en la agresión psicológica (70.2% en agresiones leves y graves en el 29.8%); un ligero aumento de los actos que no dejan secuelas (26.8% leves y 9.5% graves) y también un ligero predominio de la coacción sexual (28%). En el nivel de victimización, también se encontró una ligera preponderancia de la agresión psicológica (69.2%). Los hombres admitieron que realizan más conductas de coacción sexual, tanto en forma leve y grave. También fue posible determinar la existencia de una relación positiva y significativa entre la duración de la relación íntima y la victimización por agresiones psicológica leves. Estos resultados apelan a la elaboración de respuestas específicas de apoyo a los diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como a una apuesta en el desarrollo e implementación de medidas preventivas más adecuadas a las diferentes realidades.

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of violence in intimate relationships between same-sex partners in Portugal using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. The study included 168 participants, mainly women (76.2%), who were between 18 and 35 years of age with an average age of 22.5 (SD = 3.79). In terms of perpetration, the results showed higher rates for psychological aggression (70.2% mild and 29.8% severe), physical abuse that leaves no sequelae (26.8% mild and 9.5% severe) and mild sexual coercion (28%).Regarding victimization, a high rate of minor psychological aggression (69.2%) was also found. The men admitted to adopting more behaviours related to both minor and severe sex ual coercion. A positive and significant relationship was found between the duration of an intimate relationship and victimization by minor psychological aggression. These results suggest the need to develop specific support interventions for different types of victims, as well as the need to implement more prevention efforts tailored to different situations.

Violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo: estudo de prevalência / Violence in intimate relationship between same sex partners: prevalence study / La violência en las relaciones íntimas de personas del mismo sexo: estudio de prevalencia

Este estudo procurou caracterizar a prevalência da violência nas relações íntimas entre parceiros do mesmo sexo em Portugal, recorrendo às Escalas de Táticas de Conflito Revisadas. Participaram neste estudo 168 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos, cuja média de idade foi de 22,5 anos (DP=3,79), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (76,2%). Em termos de perpetração, os resultados revelaram uma elevação da agressão psicológica (70,2% na ligeira e 29,8% na severa); uma ligeira elevação dos atos que não deixam sequelas (26,8% no ligeiro e 9,5% no severo) e, ainda, uma preponderância da coerção sexual ligeira (28%). Em relação a vitimação, constatou-se igualmente uma preponderância da agressão psicológica ligeira (69,2%). Os homens admitiram adotar mais comportamentos de coerção sexual, tanto na forma ligeira como severa. Foi ainda possível apurar a existência de uma relação positiva e significativa entre a duração do relacionamento íntimo e a vitimação por agressão psicológica ligeira. Estes resultados apelam à elaboração de respostas de apoio específicas para os diferentes tipos de vítimas, bem como a aposta na implementação de esforços preventivos mais contextualizados às diferentes realidades.

This study aimed to characterize the prevalence of violence in intimate relationships between same-sex partners in Portugal using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. The study included 168 participants, mainly women (76.2%), who were between 18 and 35 years of age with an average age of 22.5 (SD = 3.79). In terms of perpetration, the results showed higher rates for psychological aggression (70.2% mild and 29.8% severe), physical abuse that leaves no sequelae (26.8% mild and 9.5% severe) and mild sexual coercion (28%).Regarding victimization, a high rate of minor psychological aggression (69.2%) was also found. The men admitted to adopting more behaviours related to both minor and severe sexual coercion. A positive and significant relationship was found between the duration of an intimate relationship and victimization by minor psychological aggression. These results suggest the need to develop specific support interventions for different types of victims, as well as the need to implement more prevention efforts tailored to different situations.

Este estudio trata de caracterizar la prevalencia de la violencia en las relaciones íntimas entre parejas del mismo sexo en Portugal, utilizando la Escala Táctica de Conflictos Revisada. El estudio incluyó 168 participantes, de edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años, cuya edad media fue de 22.5 (DE = 3.79), la mayoría de los cuales eran mujeres (76.2%). En cuanto a la agresión, los resultados mostraron un aumento en la agresión psicológica (70.2% en agresiones leves y graves en el 29.8%); un ligero aumento de los actos que no dejan secuelas (26.8% leves y 9.5% graves) y también un ligero predominio de la coacción sexual (28%). En el nivel de victimización, también se encontró una ligera preponderancia de la agresión psicológica (69.2%). Los hombres admitieron que realizan más conductas de coacción sexual, tanto en forma leve y grave. También fue posible determinar la existencia de una relación positiva y significativa entre la duración de la relación íntima y la victimización por agresiones psicológica leves. Estos resultados apelan a la elaboración de respuestas específicas de apoyo a los diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como a una apuesta en el desarrollo e implementación de medidas preventivas más adecuadas a las diferentes realidades.

Vitimização múltipla femina: histórias de vida, depressão ecoping / Female multiple victimization: life stories, depression and coping STRATEGIES

Estudos da área de Psicologia indicam a existência de uma correlação entre vitimização múltipla e maior complexidade na sintomatologia. Contudo, há mulheres expostas à adversidade cumulativa que não desenvolvem problemas de ajustamento psicológico. Este estudo procurou identificar as estratégias de copingpelas quais as mulheres, com e sem sintomatologia depressiva, lidam com a vitimização múltipla que sofreram ao longo da vida. Para tal, recorreu-se a um roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o qual foi administrado a 30 mulheres com perguntas sobre as suas histórias de vida. Os conteúdos das entrevistas posteriormente foram alvo de uma análise temática, cujos resultados revelam a presença de um copingdiversificado, heterogêneo e espontâneo, que se caracteriza por ser essencialmente de tipo ativo (e.g., resolução de problemas, autoconfiança, procura de apoiosocial). As mulheres com e sem sintomatologia depressiva reportam, sobretudo, estratégias de copingfocado no problema face à vitimização. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de, nos processos de apoio, se identificar e potenciar tais mecanismos de copingativados pelas vítimas de forma a promover o seu ajustamento psicológico.(AU)

Research suggests the existence of a relationship between multiple victimization and greater symptomatology complexity. However, some women exposed to cumulative adversity do not develop psychological adjustment issues. With that in mind, this study aimed to identify women’s coping strategies to deal with lifetime multiple victimization. For such a purpose, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with women, focusing on their life stories. The content of the interviews was subjected to thematic analysis. Results revealed that these women used diverse and spontaneous coping strategies. In addition, these coping strategies are heterogeneous and can be labeled as active (e.g., problem solving, self-confidence, search for social support). Moreover, women with and without depressive symptoms mostly report problem-focused coping strategies in face of victimization. In conclusion, results reinforce the need, regarding support processes, to identify and promote coping mechanisms spontaneously activated by the victims in order to favor their psychological adjustment(AU)

La investigación documenta la existencia de una relación entre la victimización múltiple y mayor complejidad en la sintomatología. Sin embargo, hay mujeres expuestas a adversidad acumulada que no desarrollan problemas de ajuste psicológico. Este estudio trata de identificar las estrategias de copingde las mujeres ante la victimización múltiple sufrida durante toda la vida. Las 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas acerca de sus historias de vida fueron sometidas a un análisis temático. Los resultados patentizan la presencia de un copingdiverso, heterogéneo y espontáneo, que se caracteriza por ser activo (por ejemplo, la resolución de problemas, la autoconfianza, la búsqueda de apoyo social). Las mujeres con y sin síntomas depresivos expresan estrategias de copingcentralizadas en la resolución de problemas ante la victimización. Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de, en los procesos de apoyo, se identificar y desarrollar esas estrategias activadas autónomamente por las víctimas con el fin de favorecer su adaptación psicológica(AU)

Vitimização múltipla feminina: histórias de vida, depressão ecoping / Female multiple victimization: life stories, depression and coping strategies / Victimización múltiple femenino: historias de la vida, depressión, estrategias de coping

Estudos da área de Psicologia indicam a existência de uma correlação entre vitimização múltipla e maior complexidade na sintomatologia. Contudo, há mulheres expostas à adversidade cumulativa que não desenvolvem problemas de ajustamento psicológico. Este estudo procurou identificar as estratégias de copingpelas quais as mulheres, com e sem sintomatologia depressiva, lidam com a vitimização múltipla que sofreram ao longo da vida. Para tal, recorreu-se a um roteiro de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o qual foi administrado a 30 mulheres com perguntas sobre as suas histórias de vida. Os conteúdos das entrevistas posteriormente foram alvo de uma análise temática, cujos resultados revelam a presença de um copingdiversificado, heterogêneo e espontâneo, que se caracteriza por ser essencialmente de tipo ativo (e.g., resolução de problemas, autoconfiança, procura de apoiosocial). As mulheres com e sem sintomatologia depressiva reportam, sobretudo, estratégias de copingfocado no problema face à vitimização. Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de, nos processos de apoio, se identificar e potenciar tais mecanismos de copingativados pelas vítimas de forma a promover o seu ajustamento psicológico.

Research suggests the existence of a relationship between multiple victimization and greater symptomatology complexity. However, some women exposed to cumulative adversity do not develop psychological adjustment issues. With that in mind, this study aimed to identify women’s coping strategies to deal with lifetime multiple victimization. For such a purpose, thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with women, focusing on their life stories. The content of the interviews was subjected to thematic analysis. Results revealed that these women used diverse and spontaneous coping strategies. In addition, these coping strategies are heterogeneous and can be labeled as active (e.g., problem solving, self-confidence, search for social support). Moreover, women with and without depressive symptoms mostly report problem-focused coping strategies in face of victimization. In conclusion, results reinforce the need, regarding support processes, to identify and promote coping mechanisms spontaneously activated by the victims in order to favor their psychological adjustment.

La investigación documenta la existencia de una relación entre la victimización múltiple y mayor complejidad en la sintomatología. Sin embargo, hay mujeres expuestas a adversidad acumulada que no desarrollan problemas de ajuste psicológico. Este estudio trata de identificar las estrategias de copingde las mujeres ante la victimización múltiple sufrida durante toda la vida. Las 30 entrevistas semiestructuradas acerca de sus historias de vida fueron sometidas a un análisis temático. Los resultados patentizan la presencia de un copingdiverso, heterogéneo y espontáneo, que se caracteriza por ser activo (por ejemplo, la resolución de problemas, la autoconfianza, la búsqueda de apoyo social). Las mujeres con y sin síntomas depresivos expresan estrategias de copingcentralizadas en la resolución de problemas ante la victimización. Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de, en los procesos de apoyo, se identificar y desarrollar esas estrategias activadas autónomamente por las víctimas con el fin de favorecer su adaptación psicológica.

Prevenção da violência nas relações de namoro: intervenção com jovens em contexto escolar / Prevention of the dating violence: intervention with youngsters in school context

A investigação da violência no namoro tem demonstrado a importância da prevenção junto das populações juvenis. Descreve-se uma experiência de prevenção nesse domínio. Os objetivos foram promover a aquisição de conhecimentos acerca do fenômeno; capacitar para o reconhecimento de situações íntimas abusivas; identificar e produzir mudanças nas crenças sócio-culturais que sustentam esse tipo de violência; desenvolver competências para gerir uma situação de violência pelo parceiro; informar acerca dos recursos na comunidade. Os dois ensaios desenvolvidos foram avaliados em diferentes momentos (pré e pós-teste) e um dos ensaios incluiu ainda uma avaliação follow-up. Uma avaliação qualitativa do programa foi também considerada. Na avaliação da eficácia destas intervenções concluímos que as ações desenvolvidas têm efeitos positivos para ambos os sexos, traduzindo-se numa menor tolerância dos participantes face à violência. A concluir, refletimos sobre as limitações deste tipo de ações e apresentamos formas de aperfeiçoar a prevenção junto dos jovens(AU)