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1.
Plants (Basel) ; 12(18)2023 Sep 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37765372

ABSTRACT

As agricultural practices become more sustainable, adopting more sustainable practices will become even more relevant. Searching for alternatives to chemical compounds has been the focus of numerous studies, and bacteriocins are tools with intrinsic biotechnological potential for controlling plant diseases. We continued to explore the biotechnological activity of the bacteriocin Gluconacin from Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, PAL5 strain, by investigating this protein's antagonism against important tomato phytopathogens and demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing bacterial spots caused by Xanthomonas perforans. In addition to this pathogen, the bacteriocin Gluconacin demonstrated bactericidal activity in vitro against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, agents that cause bacterial wilt and bacterial spots, respectively. Bacterial spot control tests showed that Gluconacin reduced disease severity by more than 66%, highlighting the biotechnological value of this peptide in ecologically correct formulations.

2.
J Environ Manage ; 247: 291-298, 2019 Oct 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31252228

ABSTRACT

Poultry litter (PL) is widely used as fertilizer because of its rich N, P and Ca content. When PL is applied to previously untreated soil, it is a potential contaminant. Composting is an alternative for stabilizing organic and mineral components. This study aimed to elucidate the structural changes and its influence on the solubility of heavy metals in poultry litter during the first 30 d of composting, which is the period when the most intense transformations occur. For this analysis, the transformation dynamics of the organic structures and the availability of mineral elements were studied via spectroscopic characterization, total heavy metal content determination and chemical fractionation at three composting times (0, 15, and 30 d). During composting, the material's aromaticity increased, while its aliphaticity decreased, and the hydrophobicity index increased as the polarity decreased. These results indicate that during the first 30 d, PL composting occurs via transformation of the most labile structures (carbohydrate, peptide and fatty acid fragments), thereby preserving the most stable and least functionalized structures. Composting increased the concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn and the transformation of CAlk-O and CAlk-di-O associated with peptides and carbohydrates and favored solubilizing and leaching a water-soluble fraction rich in these compounds. The labile fractions of Fe and the humified organic matter fractions of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Al increased. The structural changes reduced heavy metal solubility, thus indicating that after 30 d of composting, the heavy metal contamination risk is low.


Subject(s)
Composting , Metals, Heavy , Animals , Poultry , Sewage , Soil , Solubility
3.
Ciênc. rural ; 39(3): 664-670, maio-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-514089

ABSTRACT

O cultivo de tomate do grupo cereja vem adquirindo grande importância econômica, sobretudo para os produtores familiares que se utilizam do cultivo orgânico para agregar valor ao seu produto. A introdução de novos genótipos nesse mercado deve ser respaldada por estudos de caracterização e avaliação do germoplasma, os quais, posteriormente, poderão fornecer dados que serão utilizados diretamente pelos produtores ou serão recomendados para programas de melhoramento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar 40 genótipos de tomateiro do grupo cereja, de procedências variadas, sendo 36 acessos da coleção de germoplasma do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFRRJ e quatro cultivares: 'Joanna', 'Perinha Água Branca (PAB)', 'Samambaia' e o híbrido Super Sweet. As plantas foram cultivadas em condições de campo, sob manejo orgânico, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcela no período de junho a dezembro de 2004. As variáveis estudadas foram: produção total de frutos, produção de frutos comerciais e não-comerciais, diâmetro longitudinal e equatorial dos frutos, espessura da polpa, massa mínima, média e máxima de frutos por planta. Os dados foram analisados considerando a distância de Mahalanobis e o agrupamento dos acessos foi realizado com base em UPGMA e pela análise de variáveis canônicas. Para a verificação do ajuste entre a matriz de similaridade e o dendrograma obtido, foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação cofenética (CCC). A importância relativa das características foi determinada pelo método de Singh. Os acessos foram separados em dois grupos, um deles contendo apenas o acesso ENAS 1021, enquanto o outro grupo, com 39 acessos, foi subdividido, gerando a formação de sete subgrupos. O coeficiente de correlação cofenética foi de 0,9, demonstrando que houve um ajuste muito bom entre a matriz de distância e o dendrograma. As três primeiras variáveis canônicas explicaram 78,58 por cento da variação observada, ...


Cherry tomato is becoming an important crop alternative mainly for small farmers that use family hand labor and use organic management to differentiate their product. The introduction of new genotypes in this market should be supported by germplasm characterization and evaluation. This germplasm could be recommended for farmers or introduced in breeding programs. The aim of this research was to test 40 cherry tomatoes accessions from different sources, being 36 accessions from germplasm collection of Department de Fitotecnia of UFRRJ and four cultivars, namely 'Joanna', 'Perinha Água Branca', 'Samambaia' and Super Sweet. The plants were grown in field conditions, under organic management, in a randomized block design with four replications and five plants per plot, from June to December 2004. The following variables were studied: fruit total yield; commercial and non-commercial fruit yield; longitudinal and equatorial fruit diameter; pulp thickness; minimum, medium and maximum fruit mass variation per plant. The data were analyzed considering Mahalanobis distance and the cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using an Arithmetic Average) and canonic variables. The adjustment between the similarity matrix and dendrograma was performed using the cophenetic correlation. The characters relative importance was determined by Singh´s method. The accessions were clustered in two groups, one of them with only one accession (ENAS 1021) and the second group, with 39 accessions, was subdivided generating seven subgroups. The cophenetic correlation was 0.9 meaning a very good adjustment between the distance matrix and the dendrogram. The first three canonic variables explained 78.58 percent of observed variation, forming seven groups. 'Perinha Agua Branca' was the one that produced lower proportion of non-commercial fruit yield (11.11 percent) while Super Sweet produced 48.05 percent of damaged fruit.

4.
Ciênc. rural ; 34(4): 1035-1038, jul.-ago. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-382973

ABSTRACT

Agrobio é um biofertilizante líquido fabricado à base de esterco bovino, água, melaço e sais minerais, que são submetidos a um processo de fermentação à temperatura ambiente por 56 dias em recipientes abertos. Este produto tem sido largamente utilizado com sucesso por agricultores orgânicos e convencionais em todo o estado do Rio de Janeiro, no controle de várias enfermidades vegetais em diferentes culturas. Em bioensaios realizados em casa de vegetação, observou-se uma ação bacteriostática equivalente a de produtos químicos comerciais contra Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria em mudas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), numa concentração de 5 por cento. Nos bioensaios in vitro, onde foram testadas as concentrações de 2, 5 10 e 50 por cento do Agrobio comercial, observou-se que, a partir da concentração de 5 por cento, ocorreu um nível satisfatório de inibição do crescimento bacteriano, apesar deste ter sido inferior ao obtido com o uso de sulfato de cobre e sulfato de estreptomicina.

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