Interleukin-10 deficiency induces thoracic perivascular adipose tissue whitening and vascular remodeling.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose layer, surrounding blood vessels, with a local modulatory role. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to modulate vascular tissue. This study aimed to characterize the endogenous role of IL-10 in vascular remodeling, and PVAT phenotyping. Thoracic aortic segments from control (C57BL/6J) and IL-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) male mice were used. Analyzes of aorta/PVAT morphometry, and elastin, collagen and reticulin deposition were performed. Tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was accessed by Western blotting. Endogenous absence of IL-10 reduced total PVAT area (p = 0.0310), and wall/lumen ratio (p = 0.0024), whereas increased vascular area and thickness (p < 0.0001). Total collagen deposition was augmented in IL-10-/-, but under polarized light, the reduction of collagen-I (p = 0.0075) and the increase of collagen-III (p = 0.0055) was found, simultaneously with reduced elastic fibers deposition (p = 0.0282) and increased deposition of reticular fibers (p < 0.0001). Adipocyte area was augmented in the IL-10 absence (p = 0.0225), and UCP1 expression was reduced (p = 0.0420). Moreover, relative frequency of white adipose cells and connective tissue was augmented in IL-10-/- (p < 0.0001), added to a reduction in brown adipose cells (p < 0.0001). Altogether, these data characterize aorta PVAT from IL-10-/- as a white-like adipocyte phenotype. Endogenous IL-10 prevents vascular remodeling and favors a brown-like adipocyte phenotype, suggesting a modulatory role for IL-10 in PVAT plasticity.

The contribution of Paulo Freire's thought to Popular Health Surveillance. / A contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire para a Vigilância Popular em Saúde.

Paulo Freire considered Popular Education (PE) as an emancipatory process, through debate and critical action, as a dimension of human existence. This text aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the articulations of Paulo Freire's ideas with Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) actions based on his contributions to Education and Health. The text presents how the contributions of Paulo Freire and Popular Health Education inspired the construction of Popular Health Surveillance, which seeks to promote the transformation of local reality in the face of rights violations and advocate for life. Thus, experiences from vulnerable territories and populations often use Popular Education pedagogical strategies to establish PHS practices. Popular Health Education becomes crucial in the territory to stimulate the transformation of individual perception and discuss their reality. Promoting a praxis about the "critical situation" in the daily lives of social stakeholders allows diagnosing reality based on scientific information in dialogue with culture and popular organization as a possibility of building the "viable unprecedented".

Paulo Freire pensava a Educação Popular (EP) como um processo emancipatório, por meio da problematização e agir crítico como dimensões da existência humana. A partir de suas contribuições aos campos da Educação e da Saúde, este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre as articulações das ideias de Paulo Freire com as ações de Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS). O texto apresenta como a contribuição de Paulo Freire e da Educação Popular em Saúde inspirou a construção de uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde, que busca promover a transformação da realidade local frente às situações de violações de direitos e na defesa da vida. Dessa maneira, experiências dos territórios e das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, na maioria das vezes, lançam mão de estratégias pedagógicas da Educação Popular para se constituírem como práticas de VPS. É no território que a Educação Popular em Saúde se torna fundamental para o estímulo à transformação da percepção dos indivíduos, problematizando sua realidade. A promoção de uma práxis acerca da "situação limite" no cotidiano dos atores sociais permite um diagnóstico da realidade, baseado na informação científica em diálogo com a cultura e a organização popular, como possibilidade de construção de "inéditos viáveis".

A contribuição do pensamento de Paulo Freire para a Vigilância Popular em Saúde / The contribution of Paulo Freire's thought to Popular Health Surveillance

Resumo Paulo Freire pensava a Educação Popular (EP) como um processo emancipatório, por meio da problematização e agir crítico como dimensões da existência humana. A partir de suas contribuições aos campos da Educação e da Saúde, este texto tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre as articulações das ideias de Paulo Freire com as ações de Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS). O texto apresenta como a contribuição de Paulo Freire e da Educação Popular em Saúde inspirou a construção de uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde, que busca promover a transformação da realidade local frente às situações de violações de direitos e na defesa da vida. Dessa maneira, experiências dos territórios e das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, na maioria das vezes, lançam mão de estratégias pedagógicas da Educação Popular para se constituírem como práticas de VPS. É no território que a Educação Popular em Saúde se torna fundamental para o estímulo à transformação da percepção dos indivíduos, problematizando sua realidade. A promoção de uma práxis acerca da "situação limite" no cotidiano dos atores sociais permite um diagnóstico da realidade, baseado na informação científica em diálogo com a cultura e a organização popular, como possibilidade de construção de "inéditos viáveis".

Abstract Paulo Freire considered Popular Education (PE) as an emancipatory process, through debate and critical action, as a dimension of human existence. This text aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the articulations of Paulo Freire's ideas with Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) actions based on his contributions to Education and Health. The text presents how the contributions of Paulo Freire and Popular Health Education inspired the construction of Popular Health Surveillance, which seeks to promote the transformation of local reality in the face of rights violations and advocate for life. Thus, experiences from vulnerable territories and populations often use Popular Education pedagogical strategies to establish PHS practices. Popular Health Education becomes crucial in the territory to stimulate the transformation of individual perception and discuss their reality. Promoting a praxis about the "critical situation" in the daily lives of social stakeholders allows diagnosing reality based on scientific information in dialogue with culture and popular organization as a possibility of building the "viable unprecedented".

Popular health surveillance practices in Brazil: scoping review. / Práticas de vigilância popular em saúde no Brasil: revisão de escopo.

This study aims to identify the Popular Health Surveillance practices in Brazil, described in the scientific literature. A scoping review was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, WHOLIS, and Scopus databases from the CAPES Periodical Portal in May 2022. Studies that clearly addressed community/population protagonism in a health surveillance experience were included in the review, with a total of 6 studies. Three categories resulted from the analysis: 1. Cues for Popular Surveillance in Health; 2. Fundamental principles of Popular Surveillance; and, 3. Pandemic and Popular Protagonism. The studies address experiences of Popular Surveillance with different actions of population groups for the production of health that experience the different risks and impacts of the productive processes in the environment, in health and in their ways of life. It highlights the importance of strengthening the Popular Surveillance representation based on the articulation of knowledge of the actors involved with data production, health promotion and health care in the territories.

Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas de Vigilância Popular em Saúde no Brasil, descritas na literatura científica. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, WHOLIS, Scopus a partir do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES em maio de 2022. Incluíram-se estudos que explicitassem o protagonismo comunitário/popular em uma experiência de vigilância em saúde. A revisão abrangeu 6 estudos. Da análise resultaram três categorias: 1. Pistas para uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde; 2. Princípios fundamentais da Vigilância Popular; e, 3. Pandemia e Protagonismo Popular. Os estudos abordam experiências de Vigilância Popular com diferentes atuações de grupos populacionais para a produção da saúde que vivenciam os diversos riscos e impactos dos processos produtivos no ambiente, na saúde e em seus modos de vida. Destaca-se a importância em fortalecer a representação de Vigilância Popular a partir da articulação de saberes de atores envolvidos com a produção de dados, a promoção e o cuidado em saúde nos territórios.

Popular Health, Environmental and Occupational Surveillance: an integrative literature review. / Vigilância Popular da Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho (VPSAT): uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

The objective is to identify concepts, experiences, methods, and techniques in Popular Health, Environmental and Occupational Surveillance (VPSAT). This is an integrative review that used the descriptors: Community Participation, Public Health Surveillance, Environmental Health, and Occupational Health, using five databases: Virtual Health Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The review selected 15 studies, based on the inclusion criteria: surveillance experiences with community protagonism; and exclusion criteria: research without primary data and developed only by the health service. The theoretical and methodological bases of the studies were identified as citizen science, popular education, and environmental justice; experiences such as participatory mapping and monitoring; methods such as action research, 'do-it-yourself', and community-based research; and techniques such as "Photovoice" and Community Journal. Low-income urban communities, indigenous peoples, young individuals, and workers stand out as the protagonists. The recognition of the VPSAT as an important source of data and intervention by public health systems and academia contributes to making health surveillance more dialogic and effective.

Objetiva-se identificar concepções, experiências, métodos e técnicas em Vigilância Popular da Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho (VPSAT). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com os descritores: participação da comunidade, vigilância em saúde, vigilância da saúde, saúde ambiental e saúde do trabalhador, envolvendo cinco bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, EBSCOhost, Embase, Scopus e Web Of Science. A revisão selecionou 15 estudos, a partir dos critérios de inclusão: experiências de vigilância com protagonismo comunitário; e exclusão: pesquisas sem dados primários e desenvolvidas apenas pelo serviço de saúde. Identificaram-se como bases teóricas e metodológicas dos estudos a ciência cidadã, educação popular e justiça ambiental; e experiências como mapeamentos e monitoramentos participativos; métodos como pesquisa-ação, "faça você mesmo" e investigação baseada na comunidade; e técnicas como "Photovoice" e Jornal Comunitário. Destacam-se as comunidades urbanas de baixa renda, indígenas, jovens e trabalhadores como protagonistas. O reconhecimento da VPSAT como importante fonte de dados e de intervenção pelos sistemas de saúde públicos e pela academia contribui para que a vigilância em saúde seja mais dialógica e efetiva.

Práticas de vigilância popular em saúde no Brasil: revisão de escopo / Popular health surveillance practices in Brazil: scoping review

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as práticas de Vigilância Popular em Saúde no Brasil, descritas na literatura científica. Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo nas bases LILACS, MEDLINE, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, WHOLIS, Scopus a partir do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES em maio de 2022. Incluíram-se estudos que explicitassem o protagonismo comunitário/popular em uma experiência de vigilância em saúde. A revisão abrangeu 6 estudos. Da análise resultaram três categorias: 1. Pistas para uma Vigilância Popular em Saúde; 2. Princípios fundamentais da Vigilância Popular; e, 3. Pandemia e Protagonismo Popular. Os estudos abordam experiências de Vigilância Popular com diferentes atuações de grupos populacionais para a produção da saúde que vivenciam os diversos riscos e impactos dos processos produtivos no ambiente, na saúde e em seus modos de vida. Destaca-se a importância em fortalecer a representação de Vigilância Popular a partir da articulação de saberes de atores envolvidos com a produção de dados, a promoção e o cuidado em saúde nos territórios.

Abstract This study aims to identify the Popular Health Surveillance practices in Brazil, described in the scientific literature. A scoping review was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, MEDCARIB, PAHO-IRIS, WHOLIS, and Scopus databases from the CAPES Periodical Portal in May 2022. Studies that clearly addressed community/population protagonism in a health surveillance experience were included in the review, with a total of 6 studies. Three categories resulted from the analysis: 1. Cues for Popular Surveillance in Health; 2. Fundamental principles of Popular Surveillance; and, 3. Pandemic and Popular Protagonism. The studies address experiences of Popular Surveillance with different actions of population groups for the production of health that experience the different risks and impacts of the productive processes in the environment, in health and in their ways of life. It highlights the importance of strengthening the Popular Surveillance representation based on the articulation of knowledge of the actors involved with data production, health promotion and health care in the territories.

Vigilância Popular da Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho (VPSAT): uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Popular Health, Environmental and Occupational Surveillance: an integrative literature review

Resumo Objetiva-se identificar concepções, experiências, métodos e técnicas em Vigilância Popular da Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho (VPSAT). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com os descritores: participação da comunidade, vigilância em saúde, vigilância da saúde, saúde ambiental e saúde do trabalhador, envolvendo cinco bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, EBSCOhost, Embase, Scopus e Web Of Science. A revisão selecionou 15 estudos, a partir dos critérios de inclusão: experiências de vigilância com protagonismo comunitário; e exclusão: pesquisas sem dados primários e desenvolvidas apenas pelo serviço de saúde. Identificaram-se como bases teóricas e metodológicas dos estudos a ciência cidadã, educação popular e justiça ambiental; e experiências como mapeamentos e monitoramentos participativos; métodos como pesquisa-ação, "faça você mesmo" e investigação baseada na comunidade; e técnicas como "Photovoice" e Jornal Comunitário. Destacam-se as comunidades urbanas de baixa renda, indígenas, jovens e trabalhadores como protagonistas. O reconhecimento da VPSAT como importante fonte de dados e de intervenção pelos sistemas de saúde públicos e pela academia contribui para que a vigilância em saúde seja mais dialógica e efetiva.

Abstract The objective is to identify concepts, experiences, methods, and techniques in Popular Health, Environmental and Occupational Surveillance (VPSAT). This is an integrative review that used the descriptors: Community Participation, Public Health Surveillance, Environmental Health, and Occupational Health, using five databases: Virtual Health Library, EBSCOhost, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. The review selected 15 studies, based on the inclusion criteria: surveillance experiences with community protagonism; and exclusion criteria: research without primary data and developed only by the health service. The theoretical and methodological bases of the studies were identified as citizen science, popular education, and environmental justice; experiences such as participatory mapping and monitoring; methods such as action research, 'do-it-yourself', and community-based research; and techniques such as "Photovoice" and Community Journal. Low-income urban communities, indigenous peoples, young individuals, and workers stand out as the protagonists. The recognition of the VPSAT as an important source of data and intervention by public health systems and academia contributes to making health surveillance more dialogic and effective.

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae): State of the art of its uses and Applications.

Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae), popularly known as milkweed, has been traditionally used to treat diseases particularly associated with gastric disorders, skin disease and inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to review the current scientific evidence regarding the pharmacological effects of C. procera extracted phytochemicals and possible research opportunities as complementary and alternative medicine. Scientific publications were searched in various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer, Wiley, and Mendeley) using the following search terms: Calotropis procera, medicinal plants, toxicity, phytochemical characterization, and biological effects. Collected data showed that cardenolides, steroid glycoside and flavonoids are the main classes of phytochemicals identified in C. procera latex and leaves. In addition, lignans, terpenes, coumarins, and phenolic acids have been reported. These metabolites have been correlated with their biological activities, including mainly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, hypoglycemic, gastric protective, anti-microbial, insecticide, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, among others. However, some of the studies were carried out with only a single dose or with a high dose not achievable under physiological conditions. Therefore, the validity of C. procera biological activity may be questionable. Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use and the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals that can be toxic. Furthermore, there are no clinical trials with C. procera to date. In conclusion, the need of bioassayguided isolation of bioactive compounds, bioavailability and efficacy, as well as pharmacological and toxicity studies, are needed using in vivo models and clinical trials in order to support the traditionally claimed health benefits.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia increases the sensitivity of pulmonary arteries to nitric oxide.

Left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can lead to pulmonary arteries abnormalities in the contralateral and ipsilateral sides of the diaphragm. Nitric oxide (NO) is the main therapy used to attenuate the vascular effects of CDH, but it is not always effective. We hypothesized that the left and right pulmonary arteries do not respond similarly to NO donors during CDH. Therefore, vasorelaxant responses of the left and right pulmonary arteries to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) were determined in a rabbit experimental model of left CDH. CDH was surgically induced in the fetuses of rabbits on the 25th day of pregnancy. On the 30th day of pregnancy, a midline laparotomy was performed to access the fetuses. The fetuses' left and right pulmonary arteries were isolated and mounted in myograph chambers. Vasodilation was evaluated by cumulative concentration-effect curves to SNP. Protein expression of guanylate cyclase isoforms (GCα, GCß) and the α isoform of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1α), and the concentration of NO and cGMP were determined in the pulmonary arteries. The left and right pulmonary arteries of newborns with CDH exhibited increased vasorelaxant responses to SNP (i.e. the potency of SNP was increased) compared to the control group. GCα, GCß, and PKG1α expression were decreased, while NO and cGMP concentrations were increased in the pulmonary arteries of newborns with CDH compared to the control group. The increased cGMP mobilization may be responsible for the increased vasorelaxant responses to the SNP in the pulmonary arteries during left CDH.

NLRP3 activation contributes to endothelin-1-induced erectile dysfunction.

In the present study, we hypothesized that endothelin (ET) receptors (ETA and ETB ) stimulation, through increased calcium and ROS formation, leads to Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3 (NLRP3) activation. Intracavernosal pressure (ICP/MAP) was measured in C57BL/6 (WT) mice. Functional and immunoblotting assays were performed in corpora cavernosa (CC) strips from WT, NLRP3-/- and caspase-/- mice in the presence of ET-1 (100 nM) and vehicle, MCC950, tiron, BAPTA AM, BQ123, or BQ788. ET-1 reduced the ICP/MAP in WT mice, and MCC950 prevented the ET-1 effect. ET-1 decreased CC ACh-, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation, and increased caspase-1 expression. BQ123 an ETA receptor antagonist reversed the effect. The ETB receptor antagonist BQ788 also reversed ET-1 inhibition of ACh and SNP relaxation. Additionally, tiron, BAPTA AM, and NLRP3 genetic deletion prevented the ET-1-induced loss of ACh and SNP relaxation. Moreover, BQ123 diminished CC caspase-1 expression, while BQ788 increased caspase-1 and IL-1ß levels in a concentration-dependent manner (100 nM-10 µM). Furthermore, tiron and BAPTA AM prevented ET-1-induced increase in caspase-1. In addition, BAPTA AM blocked ET-1-induced ROS generation. In conclusion, ET-1-induced erectile dysfunction depends on ETA - and ETB -mediated activation of NLRP3 in mouse CC via Ca2+ -dependent ROS generation.

Para entender a cultura corporal: uma introdução para estudantes de ensino médio / To understand corporal culture: an introduction for high school students / Para entender la cultura corporal: una introducción para estudiantes de secundaria

Este texto apresenta os principais conceitos e manifestações que constituem a Cultura Corporal, com ênfase no público leitor de "alunos de Ensino Médio". Partimos de uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos clássicos da Educação Física (crítico- superadora) e de um mapeamento de manifestações concretas do jogo, dança, luta, ginástica, esportes e práticas de aventura. A exposição delineou o seguinte caminho: I) Introdução a questão "o que é Cultura Corporal", características essenciais (controle de si, controle da ação do outro e projeção artística) e dimensões gerais dos sentidos e finalidades (competitivas, lúdicas, estéticas, históricas, de aventura, políticas, éticas, morais, entre outras); II) Identificação de diferentes manifestações da Cultura Corporal; III) Exposição dos determinantes de cada atividade da Cultura Corporal. Consideramos que essa síntese pode contribuir pedagogicamente para a compreensão dos estudantes de Ensino Médio e trabalho educativo dos professores, sobre a Cultura Corporal, para além do senso comum, pela mediação de conceitos.

This text presents the main concepts and activities that constitute Corporal Culture, with an emphasis on the readership of "high school students". We start from a bibliographical research in the classics of Physical Education (critical-overcoming) and from a mapping of concrete manifestations of the game, dance, fight, gymnastics, sports and adventure practices. The exhibition outlined the following path: I) Introduction to the question "what is Corporal Culture", essential characteristics (self-control, control of the other's action and artistic projection) and general dimensions of meanings and purposes (competitive, playful, aesthetic, historical, adventure, political, ethical, moral, among others); II) Identification of different manifestations of the Corporal Culture; III) Exposition of the determinants of each activity of the Corporal Culture. We consider that this synthesis can contribute pedagogically to the understanding of high school students and teachers' educational work, about Corporal Culture, beyond common sense, through the mediation of concepts.

Este texto presenta los principales conceptos y actividades que constituyen la Cultura Corporal, con énfasis en el público lector de "estudiantes de secundaria". Partimos de una investigación bibliográfica en los clásicos de la Educación Física (crítico-superación) y de un mapeo de manifestaciones concretas de las prácticas del juego, la danza, la lucha, la gimnasia, el deporte y la aventura. La exposición trazó el siguiente camino: I) Introducción a la pregunta "qué es la Cultura Corporal", características esenciales (autocontrol, control de la acción del otro y proyección artística) y dimensiones generales de significados y finalidades (competitivas, lúdicas, estéticas, histórico, de aventura, político, ético, moral, entre otros); II) Identificación de diferentes manifestaciones de la Cultura Corporal; III) Exposición de los determinantes de cada actividad de la Cultura Corporal. Consideramos que esta síntesis puede contribuir pedagógicamente a la comprensión del trabajo educativo de estudiantes y profesores de secundaria, sobre la Cultura Corporal, más allá del sentido común, a través de la mediación de conceptos.

Planejamento participativo na assistência às mulheres vítimas de violência / Participatory planning in assisting women victims of violence / Planificación participativa en la asistencia a las mujeres víctimas de violencia

A violência contra a mulher apresenta-se como um fenômeno social complexo, conceituada como qualquer ato ou conduta que provoque morte, dano, sofrimento físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial e moral. O presente estudo objetivou identificar a produção científica acerca da correlação entre o planejamento participativo e a assistência às mulheres vítimas de violência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. O processo de busca ocorreu nos bancos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Scienc, LILACS, BDENF e SciELO, no período de janeiro e fevereiro de 2023. O processamento e análise dos dados ocorreu mediante o uso do software IRAMUTEQ. Evidenciou-se que o planejamento participativo no âmbito da assistência a mulher vítima de violência engloba a ampla discussão de políticas públicas que fortaleçam o combate à violência e o cuidado integral às mulheres. Conclui-se que o planejamento participativo perpassa diversas esferas da problemática requer a participação ativa e comprometida de diversos atores sociais.

Violence against women is presented as a complex social phenomenon, conceptualized as any act or conduct that causes death, damage, physical, sexual, psychological, patrimonial and moral suffering. The present study aimed to identify the scientific production about the correlation between participatory planning and assistance to women victims of violence. This is an integrative literature review. The search process took place in the Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO databases, from January to February 2023. Data processing and analysis took place using the IRAMUTEQ software. It was evident that participatory planning within the scope of assistance to women victims of violence encompasses the broad discussion of public policies that strengthen the fight against violence and comprehensive care for women. It is concluded that participatory planning permeates several spheres of the problem, requiring the active and committed participation of different social actors.

La violencia contra las mujeres es un fenómeno social complejo, conceptualizado como cualquier acto o conducta que cause muerte, daño, sufrimiento físico, sexual, psicológico, patrimonial o moral. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la producción científica sobre la correlación entre la planificación participativa y la asistencia a las mujeres víctimas de violencia. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora. El proceso de búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Scienc, LILACS, BDENF y SciELO entre enero y febrero de 2023. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados utilizando el software IRAMUTEQ. Se evidenció que la planificación participativa en el campo de la atención a las mujeres víctimas de violencia abarca una amplia discusión sobre políticas públicas que fortalezcan la lucha contra la violencia y la atención integral a las mujeres. Se concluyó que la planeación participativa abarca diversas esferas de la problemática y requiere de la participación activa y comprometida de diversos actores sociales.

Financiamento do esporte no distrito federal: fontes, magnitude e direcionamento dos gastos de 2009 a 2019 / Sports funding in the federal district: sources, magnitude and directions of expenditure from 2009 to 2019 / Financiamiento del deporte en el distrito federal: fuentes, magnitud y destino del gasto de 2009 a 2019

Resumo O financiamento público vem ganhando destaque nos estudos das políticas públicas esportivas, pois permite visualizar de forma mais transparente onde e como são alocados os recursos públicos para o setor. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o financiamento das políticas públicas de esporte do Distrito Federal (DF), a partir de matriz e proposta metodológica que possibilitam o levantamento e sistematização de dados referentes à identificação das fontes, magnitude e direcionamento dos gastos públicos orçamentários com o esporte de 2009 a 2019. A pesquisa apontou: (i) falta de legislação efetiva para garantia dos recursos esportivos; (ii) centralidade da execução do orçamento pela Secretaria de Esporte do Distrito Federal; (iii) elevado gasto com a construção do Estádio Nacional de Brasília; e, (iv) hierarquização dos gastos esportivos nos programas oferecidos, com priorização aos Centros Olímpicos e Paralímpicos, ação com gestão terceirizada, além de capilaridade e abrangência reduzidas.

Abstract Public funding has been gaining prominence in studies of sports public policies as it provides a more transparent view of where and how public resources are allocated to the sector. This article aims to analyze the financing of public policies for sports in the Federal District (FD), based on a matrix and methodological proposal that allows the survey and systematization of data referring to the identification of sources, magnitude, and direction of public budget expenditure on sports from 2009 to 2019. The research points out: (i) the lack of effective legislation to guarantee sports resources; (ii) the centrality of budget execution by the Secretariat of Sports of the Federal District; (iii) high expenses with the construction of the Brasília National Stadium; and (iv) the prioritization of sports spending in the offered programs, with priority given to the Olympic and Paralympic Centers, outsourced management, in addition to reduced capillarity and scope.

Resumen La financiación pública ha ido cobrando protagonismo en los estudios de políticas públicas deportivas, ya que permite tener una visión más transparente de dónde y cómo se asignan los recursos públicos al sector. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar del financiamiento de las políticas públicas deportivas en el Distrito Federal (DF), a partir de una propuesta matricial y metodológica que permite recolectar y sistematizar datos referentes a la identificación de fuentes, magnitud y dirección del gasto público presupuestario en deportes, de 2009 a 2019. La investigación señaló: (i) la falta de una legislación efectiva para garantizar los recursos deportivos; (ii) la centralidad de la ejecución presupuestaria por parte de la Secretaría de Deportes del Distrito Federal; (iii) altos gastos con la construcción del Estadio Nacional de Brasilia; y (iv) la priorización del gasto deportivo en los programas ofrecidos, con prioridad en los Centros Olímpicos y Paralímpicos, gestión externalizada, además de capilaridad y alcance reducidos.

Vasoconstrictor and hemodynamic effects of a methanolic extract from Rhinella marina toad poison.

Rhinella marina toad is abundant in Brazil. Its poison contains cardiac glycosides called bufadienolides, which are extensively investigated for their bioactivity. Our aim was to characterize the vasoactivity of Rhinella marina poison (RmP) on the aorta of male Wistar rats. For this, the RmP was first collected and processed to obtain an alcoholic extract. To determine cardiovascular effects of RmP, we performed in vivo tests by administering RmP intravenously in doses of 0.1-0.8 mg/kg. Vascular reactivity was also performed through concentration-response curves to RmP (10 ng/mL to 200 µg/mL) in aortic segments with and without endothelium. RmP induced a concentration-dependent contraction in rat aorta which was partly endothelium-mediated. Nitric oxide contributes with this response in view that incubation with L-NAME increased the contractile response. Additionally, treatment with indomethacin [cyclooxygenase, (COX) inhibitor], nifedipine (L-type voltage-gated calcium channels blocker), and BQ-123 (ETA receptors antagonist) decreased maximum response, and ketanserin (5-HT2 receptors antagonist) decreased pEC50, suggesting active participation of these pathways in the contractile response. On the other hand, apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) did not alter contractility. Incubation with prazosin (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist) abolished the contractile response, suggesting that the RmP-induced contraction is dependent on the adrenergic pathway. In the Na+/K+ ATPase protocol, a higher Emax was observed in the RmP experimental group, suggesting that RmP potentiated Na+/K+ATPase hyperpolarizing response. When this extract was injected (i.v.) in vivo, increase in blood pressure and decrease in heart rate were observed. The results were immediate and transitory, and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these data suggest that the poison extract of R. marina toad has an important vasoconstrictor action and subsequent vasopressor effects, and its use can be investigated to some cardiovascular disorders.

Cuidado integral às mulheres vítimas de violência: desafios para a estratégia saúde da família / Comprehensive care for women victims of violence: challenges for the family health strategy / Atención integral a las mujeres víctimas de violencia: desafíos parala estrategia de salud de la familia

O estudo objetiva refletir sobre o enfrentamento da problemática de violência contra a mulher frente a prestação do cuidado integral através da participação social. Trata-se de uma reflexão ancorada nos estudossobre a violência contra a mulher, o cuidado integral e a importância da participação social. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de criação de espaços coletivos que possibilitem um diálogo contínuo entre os profissionais, serviços e população, rumo à articulaçãode uma rede efetiva e de qualidade. Assim como, de profissionais sensibilizados e capacitados que favoreçam a visibilidade desse problema, e da gestão participativa e corresponsável para prestação do cuidado integral às vítimas. Ressalta-se a importância do enfrentamento da violência contra a mulher, bem como odesafio do cuidado integral às mulheres vítimas de violência mediante o planejamento ancorado na gestão participativa.

The study aims to reflect on the confrontation of the problem of violence against women facing the provision of comprehensive care through social participation. It is a reflection based on studies on violence against women, comprehensive care and the importance of social participation. The need to create collective spaces that enable a continuous dialogue between professionals, services and population was evidenced, towards the articulation of an effective and quality network. As well as, sensitized and trained professionals who favor the visibility of this problem, and participatory and co-responsible management to provide comprehensive care to victims. The importance of confronting violence against women is highlighted, as well as the challenge of providing comprehensive care to women victims of violence through planning anchored in participatory management.

El estudio tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobreel enfrentamiento del problema de la violencia contra la mujer frente a la prestación de atención integral a través de la participación social. Es una reflexión basada en estudios sobre la violencia contra la mujer, la atención integral y la importancia de la participación social. Se evidenció la necesidad de generar espacios colectivos que permitan un diálogo continuo entre profesionales, servicios y población, hacia la articulación de una red efectiva y de calidad. Así como, profesionales sensibilizados y capacitados que favorezcan la visibilización de esta problemática, y una gestión participativa y corresponsable para brindar una atención integral a las víctimas. Se destaca la importancia de enfrentar la violencia contra las mujeres, así como el desafíode brindar una atención integral a las mujeres víctimas de violencia a través de una planificación anclada en la gestión participativa.

Calotropis Procera Induced Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis and Impaired Akt/mTOR Signaling in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells.

INTRODUCTION: Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae) is an herb that has been commonly used in folk medicine to treat various diseases for more than 1500 years. AIMS: Our goal was to investigate the anti-metastatic effects of phenolics extracted from C. procera (CphE) against 4T1 breast cancer cells and in BALB/c mice. METHODS: 4T1 cells were treated with CphE and quercetin (positive control) at concentrations that inhibited cell viability by 50% (IC50). Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), wound healing, and protein expressions were determined following standard protocols. For the in vivo pilot study, the syngeneic BALB/c mouse model was used. 4T1 cells were injected into mammary fat pads. Tumors were allowed to grow for 9 days before gavage treatment with CphE (150 mg GAE/kg/day) or PBS (controls) for one week. Excised tumors, liver, and lungs were analyzed for gene and protein expression and histology. RESULTS: In vitro results showed that CphE suppressed cell viability through apoptosis induction, via caspase-3 cleavage and total PARP reduction. CphE also scavenged ROS and suppressed Akt, mTOR, ERK1/2, CREB, and Src activation contributing to cell motility inhibition. CphE reduced IR, PTEN, TSC2, p70S6, and RPS6, protein levels, which are proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, suggesting this pathway as CphE primary target. In vivo results showed downregulation of ERK1/2 activation by phosphorylation in tumor tissues, accompanied by angiogenesis reduction in tumor and lung tissues. A reduction of Cenpf mRNA levels in liver and lung tissues strongly suggested anti-invasive cancer activity of CphE. CONCLUSION: CphE inhibited 4T1 cell signal pathways that play a key role in cell growth and invasion. The potential for in vitro results to be translated in vivo was confirmed. A complete animal study is a guarantee to confirm the CphE anticancer and antimetastatic activity in vivo.

Th17 cell-linked mechanisms mediate vascular dysfunction induced by testosterone in a mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Clinical data point to adverse cardiovascular events elicited by testosterone replacement therapy. Testosterone is the main hormone used in gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) by transmasculine people. However, the cardiovascular impact of testosterone in experimental models of GAHT remains unknown. Sex hormones modulate T-cell activation, and immune mechanisms contribute to cardiovascular risk. The present study evaluated whether testosterone negatively impacts female cardiovascular function by enhancing Th17 cell-linked effector mechanisms. Female (8 wk old) C57BL/6J mice received testosterone (48 mg/kg/wk) for 8 wk. Male mice were used for phenotypical comparisons. The hormone treatment in female mice increased circulating testosterone to levels observed in male mice. Testosterone increased lean body mass and body mass index, and decreased perigonadal fat mass, mimicking clinical findings. After 8 wk, testosterone decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased peripheral Th17 cells. After 24 wk, testosterone increased blood pressure in female mice. Ovariectomy did not intensify phenotypical or cardiovascular effects by testosterone. Female mice lacking T and B cells [Rag1 knockout (-/-)], as well as female mice lacking IL-17 receptor (IL-17Ra-/-), did not exhibit vascular dysfunction induced by testosterone. Testosterone impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in female mice lacking γδ T cells, similarly to the observed in wild-type female mice. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells restored testosterone-induced vascular dysfunction in Rag1-/- female mice. Together, these data suggest that CD4+ T cells, most likely Th17 cells, are central to vascular dysfunction induced by testosterone in female mice, indicating that changes in immune-cell balance are important in the GAHT in transmasculine people.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex hormone-induced cardiovascular events are important undesirable effects in transgender people under GAHT. Studies addressing the cardiovascular impact of GAHT will certainly contribute to improve healthcare services offered to this population. Our study showing that vascular dysfunction, via Th17 cell-related mechanisms, precedes increased blood pressure induced by testosterone in a GAHT mouse model, reveals potential mechanisms involved in GAHT-related cardiovascular events and may provide new markers/targets for clinical practices in transmasculine people.

Estratégia saúde da família rural no Nordeste do Brasil: percepções de profissionais sobre a saúde e ambiente / Rural family health strategy in Northeastern Brazil: professionals' perceptions of health and the environment

Objetivo: compreender as percepções de profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) que atuam em territórios rurais de municípios do Nordeste brasileiro acerca das inter-relações entre a saúde e ambiente no processo saúde-doença-cuidado da população.Método: pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, em que se realizaram 29 entrevistas de sete categorias profissionais. Adotou-se a análise temática para o processamento e interpretação do material empírico. Resultados: foram discutidas a necessidade de informação acerca de questões ambientais e seu impacto no processo saúde-doença e a consciência ambiental na dimensão do território. Há compreensão do ambiente como determinante de saúde, porém sob uma perspectiva embrionária, além de uma articulação insuficiente entre determinação social e práticas emancipatórias no contexto de saúde e ambiente. Conclusões: ressalta-se a importância de fortalecer as práticas na ESF a partir dos pressupostos explicitados na Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População de Campo Florestas e Águas. Reforça-se a necessidade de se desenvolver processos formativos, envolvendo a equipe para contribuir na transformação da realidade em saúde da população de campo e das águas.

Objective: To understand the perceptions of Family Health Strategy (ESF, in Portuguese) professionals working in rural territories in municipalities of the Brazilian Northeast on the interrelationships between health and the environment in the health-disease-care process of the population. Method: qualitative research, in which 29 interviews in seven professional categories were carried out. Thematic analysis was adopted for the processing and interpretation of the empirical material. Results: it was discussed the need for information about environmental issues and their impact on the health-disease process, as well as environmental awareness in the dimension of the territory. From an embryonic perspective, there is an understanding of the environment as a determinant of health, with insufficient articulation between social determinants and emancipatory practices in the context of health and the environment. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of strengthening ESF practices based on the assumptions outlined in the National Policy for the Integral Health of the Populations of the Field, Forest, and Water. We reinforce the need to develop training processes involving the team to contribute to the transformation of the health reality of the countryside and water populations.

Testosterone Contributes to Vascular Dysfunction in Young Mice Fed a High Fat Diet by Promoting Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 Downregulation and Oxidative Stress.

Obesity, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, promotes vascular oxidative stress. Considering that free testosterone levels remain within the reference range, especially in obese young men and that testosterone stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, we sought to investigate whether testosterone interferes with obesity-associated oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in male mice. We hypothesized that testosterone favors ROS accumulation and vascular dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. We also questioned whether testosterone downregulates the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stimuli. Male C57Bl/6J mice were submitted to orchiectomy or sham-operation. Mice received either a control diet (CD) or HFD for 18 weeks. Vascular function was assessed in thoracic aortic rings and molecular mechanisms by which testosterone contributes to vascular dysfunction were determined. HFD reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation and increased vascular ROS generation in sham mice. Castration prevented these effects. Treatment of castrated mice fed either the CD or HFD with testosterone propionate decreased acetylcholine vasodilation. HFD decreased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, events linked to decreased mRNA expression and activity of Nrf2-regulated enzymes (catalase, heme oxygenase-1, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin). These events were prevented in HFD-fed castrated mice. Bardoxolone, a Nrf2 activator, increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, decreased ROS generation and improved acetylcholine vasodilation in HFD-fed sham mice. In vitro, testosterone increased ROS generation and decreased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation. These effects were prevented in the presence of an androgen receptor antagonist, an inhibitor of gene transcription and an inhibitor of the pro-oxidant enzyme NOX-1. These results indicate that testosterone downregulates Nrf2, leading to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in HFD-fed obese young mice.

O financiamento da infraestrutura urbana de esporte no Brasil: fontes, magnitude e direcionamento do orçamento federal de 2004 a 2019 / Financing urban sports infrastructure in Brazil: sources, magnitude and direction of the federal budget from 2004 to 2019

O objetivo desta investigação científica foi analisar o financiamento e gasto do orçamento público federal com a infraestrutura urbana de esporte de 2004 a 2019. O estudo se caracteriza como uma pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, de cunho quantiqualitativo, desenvolvida a partir de levantamento documental no Siga Brasil, tendo sido os dados analisados a partir dos indicadores "fontes de financiamento", "magnitude" e "direção do gasto". A maioria dos recursos para infraestrutura de esporte foi proveniente do Ministério do Esporte/Secretaria Especial do Esporte e de recursos ordinários advindos de emendas parlamentares. Ao longo do tempo oscilaram bastante os referidos gastos, tendo eles sofrido contingenciamentos. O direcionamento dos recursos se deu, principalmente, com grandes eventos esportivos e esteve concentrado na região Sudeste.

The objective of this scientific investigation was to analyze the financing and expenditure of the federal public budget on urban sports infrastructure from 2004 to 2019. The study is characterized as descriptive-exploratory research, with a quantitative and qualitative nature, developed from a survey document in Siga Brasil, the data having been analyzed based on indicators of funding sources, magnitude and direction of expenditure. Most of the resources for sports infrastructure came from the Ministério do Esporte/Secretaria Especial do Esporte and from ordinary resources arising from parliamentary amendments. Over time, these expenses fluctuated a lot, having suffered restrictions. The allocation of resources took place, mainly, with major sporting events and were concentrated in the Southeast region.