Combination of lumped hydrological and remote-sensing models to evaluate water resources in a semi-arid high altitude ungauged watershed of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain).

Assessing water resources in high mountain semi-arid zones is essential to be able to manage and plan the use of these resources downstream where they are used. However, it is not easy to manage an unknown resource, a situation that is common in the vast majority of high mountain hydrological basins. In the present work, the discharge flow in an ungauged basin is estimated using the hydrological parameters of an HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model calibrated in a "neighboring gauged basin". The results of the hydrological simulation obtained in terms of average annual discharge are validated using the VI-ETo model. This model relates a simple hydrological balance to the discharge of the basin with the evaporation of the vegetal cover of the soil, and this to the SAVI index, which is obtained remotely by means of satellite images. The results of the modeling for both basins underscore the role of the underground discharge in the total discharge of the hydrological system. This is the result of the deglaciation process suffered by the high mountain areas of the Mediterranean arc. This process increases the infiltration capacity of the terrain, the recharge and therefore the discharge of the aquifers that make up the glacial and periglacial sediments that remain exposed on the surface as witnesses of what was the last glaciation.

Impact of alternative technique to ageing using oak chips in alcoholic or in malolactic fermentation on volatile and sensory composition of red wines.

This paper reports on a complete study of the effect of wood, in the form of oak chips, on the volatile composition and sensory characteristics of Moravia Agria wines added at different stages of the fermentation process. Aroma compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory profile was evaluated by experienced wine-testers. Oak chips were added to wines in two dose rates at different stages of the winemaking process: during alcoholic fermentation (AF), during malolactic fermentation (MLF) and in young, red Moravia Agria wine. Wines fermented with oak chips during AF showed higher concentrations of the ethyl esters of straight-chain fatty acids, ethyl, hexyl, isoamyl acetates and superior alcohols than the control wines. The higher concentrations of benzene compound, oak lactones and furanic compounds were found in wines in contact with oak chips during MLF. The use of oak chips gives rise to a different sensorial profile of wines depending of the point of addition. Higher intensities of woody, coconut, vanilla and sweet spices descriptors were obtained when a large dose rate of chips was employed.

Adecuación de la solicitud de la microalbuminuria en pacientes con diabetes mellitus en atención primaria / Adaptation of the request for microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus in primary care

Objetivo. Evaluar el grado de cumplimiento en la determinación anual de MAU en los pacientes diabéticos. Metodología. Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, donde se seleccionaron 381 historias clínicas de pacientes con DM2 en 3 equipos de atención primaria de Madrid. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos y de enfermedades concomitantes, se determinó la fecha de solicitud anual de MAU, así como la existencia de MAU patológica y se evaluó el cumplimiento en la solicitud de la HbA1c y del perfil lipídico en el último año. Resultados. Fueron evaluados 298 pacientes (edad media: 55,7 años; desviación estándar 7,51 y el 57,7% varones). Se ha solicitado la MAU en el 42,3% (IC 95%: 36,5–48,05) de los casos, pero en los pacientes con antecedentes de ECV, desciende al 25,6% (p: 0,017). El 59% presentaba HTA, el 43,3% tenía dislipemia, el 63,7% obesidad (IMC>30) y el 14,4% padecía alguna ECV asociada. En los 30 pacientes donde existen registros el 24,3%(IC 95%: 16,3–32,3) tenían la MAU alterada. El valor medio de la Hba1c fue de 6,87 (±1,57). Conclusiones. La petición de MAU en nuestro ámbito es deficiente. Los médicos y enfermeros deben concienciarse de la importancia de solicitar la MAU de forma sistemática (AU)

Objective. To evaluate the degree of compliance in the annual measurement of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study in which 381 clinical histories of patients with DM2 were selected in three teams of primary care centers of Madrid. Sociodemiographic and concomitant disease information were gathered, the date of the annual request for the microalbuminuria as well as the existence of pathological microalbuminuria were determined and compliance in the request for HbA1c and lipid profile in the last year was evaluated. Results. Two hundred ninety eight patients were evaluated (mean age: 55.7 years; SD 7.51 and 55.7% were males). Microalbuminuria was requested in 42.3% (95% CI: 36.5–48.05) of the cases, however, this decreased to 25.6% (p: 0.017) in patients with a background of cardiovascular disease (CVD). A total of 59% had arterial hypertension, 43.3% dyslipidemia, 63.7% obesity (BMI>30) and 10% had some associated cardiovascular disease. In the 30 patients for whom there were records, 24% (95% CI: 16.3–32.3) had altered microalbuminuria. The mean value of HbA1c was 6.87 (±1.57). Conclusions. Request for Microalbuminuria in our setting is deficient. Both physicians and nurses must become aware of the importance of the routine request for microalbuminuria (AU)

Outbreak of canine distemper in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo).

In 2006 an outbreak of canine distemper affected 14 young domestic ferrets in Barcelona, Spain. Their clinical signs included a reduced appetite, lethargy, dyspnoea, coughing, sneezing, mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharges, facial and perineal dermatitis, diarrhoea, splenomegaly and fever. Late in the course of the disease, general desquamation and pruritus, and hyperkeratotic/crusting dermatitis of the lips, eyes, nose, footpads, and perineal area were observed. None of the ferrets developed neurological signs. Non-regenerative anaemia and high serum concentrations of alpha- and beta-globulins were the most common laboratory findings. Most of the animals died or were euthanased because of respiratory complications. Postmortem there were no signs of lung collapse. Distemper was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence of conjunctival swabs or pcr of several organs, and histology revealed the characteristic eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies of canine distemper virus in several organs. The minimum incubation periods calculated for six of the ferrets were 11 to 56 days, and in 13 of the ferrets the signs of disease lasted 14 to 34 days. Inclusion bodies compatible with infection by herpesvirus were found in the lungs of one of the ferrets.

[Spanish scientific output on thirty pathologies of genetic origin]. / Investigación científica española sobre treinta patologías de origen genético.

INTRODUCTION: The Spanish scientific output during the years 2000-2005 on 30 pathologies of genetic origin included in the OCDE survey on molecular genetic testing has been studied. RESULTS: A total of 105 articles were in MedLine journals on 20 of the pathologies considered. This represents 0.4% of the worldwide publications. However, the Spanish contribution is greater than 2% in some of the pathologies studied worldwide. A total of 266 articles, on 25 pathologies, were found in the Spanish databases IME/ISOC/ICYT. This result makes the total Spanish contribution equivalent to 1.4% of the worldwide output, a value lower than that observed for Spain in Biomedicine and Health Science (2.4%). The number of Spanish articles published on the pathologies studied is greater than those published by Portugal or Holland and lower than those from Italy and France, although Spanish publications are the most abundant for some pathologies. ANALYSIS: Out of the Spanish articles published in MedLine journals, 52% have been cited on an average of 12 times. These contain more basic research than those appearing in IME journals, the latter having a more applied character and being published more frequently in Pediatrics journals. Regarding the Spanish articles, 65% come from 97 laboratories in public hospitals, 10 of which are responsible for 43% of the articles in MedLine journals. These show a certain degree of specialization on at least five pathologies.

[Prevalence and sequelae of childhood sexual abuse in Spain]. / Prevalencia y consecuencias del abuso sexual al menor en España.

The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of sexual abuse in Spain and its long and short effects. A representative sample of Spanish society was studied (N = 1.821) through proportional stratified random sampling. Data were obtained by interview (Personal History of Sexual Abuse), carried out in the subjects home and by means of a Self Reporting Questionnaire (S.R.Q.), which the interviewer gave the subject to be returned by post. The results show a high prevalence of sexual abuse prior to age 17 (15% of males and 22% of females) with short-term effects (lack of trust, disgust, fear, hostility towards the aggressor, shame, anxiety, etc.) and in long-term a greater tendency towards mental health problems (F = 7.7; p < .01), as well as other problems throughout the life cycle (running away from home, school failure, sexual dissatisfaction, drug-taking, etc.). The high prevalence and the clear long and short effect make prevention programs and help for the victims advisable.