ABSTRACT
Seed germination and root elongation test is used to evaluate hazardous waste sites and to assess toxicity of organic and inorganic compounds. Paper substrate, especially circular filter paper placed inside a Petri dish has long been used for this test. Same reports indicate that filter paper might interfere with the toxicity of inorganic substances, especially metal cations. This study evaluate toxicity of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu on lettuce, broccoli, tomato and radish seed using two bed material: agar and filter paper. The results show that percent germination is not affected by substrates; vice versa, as for root elongation, the test in agar showed to be more sensible than that the one on filter paper. The radical growth inhibition depends on the metal, on the tested concentration and on the species; among the tested metals, cadmium was the one determining the highest toxic effects on different species and lettuce was the plant that suffered more. From the comparison, it is clearly evident the greater sensibility of the test in agar; on the other hand, the lower sensibility of the test on the filter paper might be caused by the partial and not homogeneous exposition of the root to metal cations.
Subject(s)
Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Plant Roots/drug effects , Seeds/drug effects , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Brassica/drug effects , Brassica/growth & development , Culture Media , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Germination , Lactuca/drug effects , Lactuca/growth & development , Solanum lycopersicum/drug effects , Solanum lycopersicum/growth & development , Plant Roots/growth & development , Raphanus/drug effects , Raphanus/growth & development , Seeds/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Protein kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.37) activity towards both endogenous and exogenous substrates has been detected in pine pollen (Pinus canariensis P. Sm.) and partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It seems to be not affected by cyclic AMP.