Sobrepeso y obesidad en niños intervenidos de cardiopatía congénita / Overweight and obesity in children treated for congenital heart disease

Introducción: El impacto negativo del sobrepeso y la obesidad es potencialmente mayor en niños con cardiopatía congénita (CC). El objetivo del estudio es determinar la proporción de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños intervenidos de CC y valorar la existencia de hipertensión arterial sistólica como posible complicación precoz. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, incluyendo pacientes intervenidos de CC y controles sanos entre 6 y 17 años en seguimiento en una consulta de Cardiología Pediátrica. Se calcularon los percentiles del índice de masa corporal según las tablas de la OMS y se analizaron variables antropométricas, clínicas y valores de tensión arterial sistólica (TAS). Resultados: Se incluyeron 440 pacientes, 220 intervenidos de CC. La prevalencia de exceso de peso (percentil del índice de masa corporal ≥ 85) fue del 36,4% (el 37,3% en controles y el 35,4% en cardiópatas, p = 0,738). Hubo una proporción más alta de obesidad (percentil del índice de masa corporal ≥ 97) en afectos de CC (22,7%) que en controles (15,5%) (p = 0,015). Los niños con exceso de peso tuvieron percentiles de TAS más altos (p < 0,001). La prevalencia de percentiles de TAS ≥ 95 fue mayor en los pacientes con CC con exceso de peso que en los normopeso (29,5 vs. 7,7%, p < 0,001) y en los controles sanos con exceso de peso que en los normopeso (12,2 vs. 0,7%, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La proporción de obesidad es alta en niños intervenidos de CC y se asocia a valores de TAS elevados. Es crucial reducir el riesgo de complicaciones a largo plazo mediante la prevención y el tratamiento de la obesidad en esta población tan vulnerable

Introduction: The negative impact of overweight and obesity is potentially greater in children affected by a congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study is to calculate the proportion of overweight and obesity in children who underwent an intervention for CHD, and to investigate systolic arterial hypertension as a possible early cardiovascular complication. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients aged 6-17 years treated for CHD, and healthy control subjects, followed-up in a Paediatric Cardiology Clinic. Body mass index percentiles were calculated according to the criteria of WHO. A review was performed on the anthropometric and clinical data, as well as the systolic blood pressure (SBP). Results: A total of 440 patients were included, of which 220 had CHD. The proportion of combined obesity and overweight (body mass index percentile ≥85) was 36.4% (37.3% in healthy subjects and 35.4% in patients with CHD, P = .738). A higher prevalence of obesity (body mass index percentile ≥97) was found in CHD patients (22.7%) compared to 15.5% in healthy subjects (P = .015). SBP percentiles were higher in overweight compared to normal-weight patients (P < .001). The prevalence of SBP readings ≥ the 95th percentile was greater in overweight than in normal weight CHD patients (29.5% versus 7.7%, P < .001) and also in the overweight healthy controls compared to those of normal weight (12.2% versus 0.7%, P < .001). Conclusions: The proportion of obesity is high in children treated for CHD and it is associated with elevated SBP levels. The risk of long-term complications needs to be reduced by means of prevention and treatment of obesity in this vulnerable population

[Overweight and obesity in children treated for congenital heart disease]. / Sobrepeso y obesidad en niños intervenidos de cardiopatía congénita.

INTRODUCTION: The negative impact of overweight and obesity is potentially greater in children affected by a congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study is to calculate the proportion of overweight and obesity in children who underwent an intervention for CHD, and to investigate systolic arterial hypertension as a possible early cardiovascular complication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients aged 6-17 years treated for CHD, and healthy control subjects, followed-up in a Paediatric Cardiology Clinic. Body mass index percentiles were calculated according to the criteria of WHO. A review was performed on the anthropometric and clinical data, as well as the systolic blood pressure (SBP). RESULTS: A total of 440 patients were included, of which 220 had CHD. The proportion of combined obesity and overweight (body mass index percentile ≥85) was 36.4% (37.3% in healthy subjects and 35.4% in patients with CHD, P=.738). A higher prevalence of obesity (body mass index percentile ≥97) was found in CHD patients (22.7%) compared to 15.5% in healthy subjects (P=.015). SBP percentiles were higher in overweight compared to normal-weight patients (P < .001). The prevalence of SBP readings ≥ the 95th percentile was greater in overweight than in normal weight CHD patients (29.5% versus 7.7%, P < .001) and also in the overweight healthy controls compared to those of normal weight (12.2% versus 0.7%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of obesity is high in children treated for CHD and it is associated with elevated SBP levels. The risk of long-term complications needs to be reduced by means of prevention and treatment of obesity in this vulnerable population.

La miocardiopatía dilatada con intervalo QT corto indica un déficit primario de carnitina / Dilated cardiomyopathy with short QT interval suggests primary carnitine deficiency

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Evaluación de la ingesta de pescado en población gestante en relación a la exposición al metilmercurio / Assesment of fish intake in pregnant population in relation to exposure to methylmercury

Introducción: El pescado es fuente importante de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, fundamentales para el neurodesarrollo. Sin embargo, la contaminación con metilmercurio de algunas especies puede actuar en sentido contrario. Objetivo: Conocer la ingesta de pescado en las mujeres gestantes, así como el consumo de especies restringidas por los organismos internacionales por su contenido en metilmercurio y obtener información acerca de la educación sanitaria que reciben sobre las recomendaciones de ingesta de pescado y sus riesgos. Material y método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal de evaluación nutricional sobre la ingesta de pescado y marisco en 56 mujeres gestantes, mediante un cuestionario semicuantitativo de frecuencia de consumo. Asimismo, se evaluó el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de consumo de pescado. Resultados: Se obtuvo un consumo medio de pescado y marisco de 101g/día y una frecuencia de consumo medio de 5.53 raciones/semana. Un 91% de las mujeres cumplían las recomendaciones de la SECN, sin embargo un 25% excedían el consumo de especies no recomendadas por su contenido en metilmercurio según las recomendaciones de la AESAN y un 21.4% según recomendaciones de la Comisión Europea. Conclusiones: Las mujeres gestantes en este estudio, consumen pescado de forma adecuada en cantidad pero no siempre del tipo adecuado, excediendo el consumo de pescado azul con alto contenido en mercurio. Destaca la falta de conocimientos en relación al consumo recomendado de pescado y riesgos consecuencia de un déficit de educación sanitaria (AU)

Introduction: Fish is an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are essential for infant neurodevelopment. Nevertheless, the contamination of some species with methylmercury may act in opposite sense. Objective: To determine fish intake in pregnant population, as well as consumption of species restricted by international organisations because of their content in methylmercury, and to gather information about health education that women receive regarding fish intake recommendations and its possible risks. Materials and méthods: A cross-sectional study about nutritional evaluation of seafood intake was carried out in a sample of 56 pregnant women. Fish intake was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. In addition, the meeting of the recommendations for fish consumption was analysed. Results: The average consumption of seafood was 101g/day, with a main frequency of 5,53 servings/week. 91% of the women met the recommendations given by the SECN. However, 25% and 21, 4% of pregnant women exceed the consumption of fish species with high methylmercury content in accordance with the AESAN and European Commission recommendations, respectively. Conclusions: Pregnant women in this study consumed fish frequently, but not always the correct kind, exceeding the consumption of oily fish high in mercury. It is important to note the lack of knowledge regarding the recommended fish consumption and its risks, due to a lack of health education (AU)