ABSTRACT
Polygalacturonases (PGs) can modulate chemistry and mechanical properties of the plant cell wall through the degradation of pectins, one of its major constituents. PGs are largely used in food, beverage, textile, and paper industries to increase processes' performances. To improve the use of PGs, knowledge of their biochemical, structural and functional features is of prime importance. Our study aims at characterizing SmoPG1, a polygalacturonase from Selaginella moellendorffii, that belongs to the lycophytes. Transcription data showed that SmoPG1 was mainly expressed in S. moellendorffii shoots while phylogenetic analyses suggested that SmoPG1 is an exo-PG, which was confirmed by the biochemical characterization following its expression in heterologous system. Indeed, LC-MS/MS oligoprofiling using various pectic substrates identified galacturonic acid (GalA) as the main hydrolysis product. We found that SmoPG1 was most active on polygalacturonic acid (PGA) at pHâ¯5, and that its activity could be modulated by different cations (Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Na2+, Zn2+). In addition, SmoPG1 was inhibited by green tea catechins, including (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Docking analyses and MD simulations showed in detail amino acids responsible for the SmoPG1-EGCG interaction. Considering its expression yield and activity, SmoPG1 appears as a prime candidate for the industrial production of GalA.
Subject(s)
Pectins , Polygalacturonase , Selaginellaceae , Polygalacturonase/metabolism , Polygalacturonase/chemistry , Polygalacturonase/genetics , Selaginellaceae/chemistry , Selaginellaceae/genetics , Selaginellaceae/enzymology , Pectins/metabolism , Pectins/chemistry , Phylogeny , Substrate Specificity , Molecular Docking Simulation , Amino Acid Sequence , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Hexuronic AcidsABSTRACT
Plant cell walls constitute complex polysaccharidic/proteinaceous networks whose biosynthesis and dynamics implicate several cell compartments. The synthesis and remodeling of homogalacturonan pectins involve Golgi-localized methylation/acetylation and subsequent cell wall-localized demethylation/deacetylation. So far, TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE-LIKE (TBL) family members have been described as Golgi-localized acetyltransferases targeting diverse hemicelluloses or pectins. Using seed mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) from Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate the atypical localization of TBL38 restricted to a cell wall microdomain. A tbl38 mutant displays an intriguing homogalacturonan immunological phenotype in this cell wall microdomain and in an MSC surface-enriched abrasion powder. Mass spectrometry oligosaccharide profiling of this fraction reveals an increased homogalacturonan acetylation phenotype. Finally, TBL38 displays pectin acetylesterase activity in vitro. These results indicate that TBL38 is an atypical cell wall-localized TBL that displays a homogalacturonan acetylesterase activity rather than a Golgi-localized acetyltransferase activity as observed in previously studied TBLs. TBL38 function during seed development is discussed.
