Clinical evaluation of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in Moshi, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol use disorder is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Alcohol screening using a validated tool is a useful way to capture high-risk patients and engage them in early harm reduction interventions. Our objectives were to 1) evaluate the psychometric evidence the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its subscales in the general population of Moshi, Tanzania, and 2) evaluate the usefulness of the tool at predicting alcohol-related harms. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-nine adults living in Moshi, Tanzania were included in the study. We used the AUDIT and its subscales to determine the classification of harmful and hazardous drinking. To analyze the internal structure of AUDIT and the model adequacy we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability of AUDIT was analyzed for Cronbach's alpha, Omega 6 and Composite Reliability. The optimal cut off point for the AUDIT was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, using the Youden approach to maximize sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: The median score of the AUDIT was 1 (inter-quartile range: 0-7). The internal structure of the AUDIT showed factor loadings ranging from 0.420 to 0.873. Cronbach's alpha, Omega and Composite Reliability produced values above 0.70. The Average Variance Extracted was 0.530. For the AUDIT, a score of 8 was identified as the ideal cut-off value in our population. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates AUDIT in the general population of Moshi and is one of the only studies in Africa to include measures of the internal structure of the AUDIT and its subscales.

Associations of hospitalisation - admission, readmission and length to stay - with multimorbidity patterns by age and sex in adults and older adults: the ELSI-Brazil study.

BACKGROUND: Although the association between multimorbidity (MM) and hospitalisation is known, the different effects of MM patterns by age and sex in this outcome needs to be elucidated. Our study aimed to analyse the association of hospitalisations' variables (occurrence, readmission, length of stay) and patterns of multimorbidity (MM) according to sex and age. METHODS: Data from 8.807 participants aged ≥ 50 years sourced from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) were analysed. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥ 2 (MM2) and ≥ 3 (MM3) chronic conditions. Poisson regression was used to verify the association between the independent variables and hospitalisation according to sex and age group. Multiple linear regression models were constructed for the outcomes of readmission and length of stay. Ising models were used to estimate the networks of diseases and MM patterns. RESULTS: Regarding the risk of hospitalisation among those with MM2, we observed a positive association with male sex, age ≥ 75 years and women aged ≥ 75 years. For MM3, there was a positive association with hospitalisation among males. For the outcomes hospital readmission and length of stay, we observed a positive association with male sex and women aged ≥ 75 years. Network analysis identified two groups that are more strongly associated with occurrence of hospitalisation: the cardiovascular-cancer-glaucoma-cataract group stratified by sex and the neurodegenerative diseases-renal failure-haemorrhagic stroke group stratified by age group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the association between hospitalisation, readmission, length of stay, and MM changes when sex and age group are considered. Differences were identified in the MM patterns associated with hospitalisation according to sex and age group.

Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale (MSOS) / Propriedades Psicométricas da Versão Brasileira da Escala Multidimensional de Orientação Esportiva (MSOS)

Abstract This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale (MSOS). The cross-cultural adaptation committee was composed of three experts. Our validation sample consisted of 643 athletes from individual and team sports. The results showed clear and relevant content validation and satisfactory internal consistency of the items in the Portuguese version. EFA suggested the exclusion of nine items and the retention of four factors. The CFA analysis with 16 items showed satisfactory adjustment of the model [X²/df = 2.70; CFI = 0.928; TLI = 0.911, RMSEA = 0.05]. The 16-item scale had adequate reliability (> 0.70). It was concluded that the Brazilian version of MSOS showed acceptable psychometric properties.

Resumo Este estudo investigou as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira da Escala Multidimensional de Orientação Esportiva (MSOS). O instrumento foi traduzido e adaptado por três especialistas da área. A amostra de validação foi composta por 643 atletas de modalidades coletivas e individuais. Os resultados demonstraram traduções claras e pertinentes entre os três especialistas, e consistência interna satisfatória dos itens em português. A AFE sugeriu a exclusão de nove itens e a retenção de quatro fatores. O modelo da AFC com 16 itens apresentou índices de ajustamento satisfatórios [X²/gl = 2,70; CFI = 0,928; TLI = 0,911, RMSEA = 0,05]. A escala com 16 itens apresentou adequada confiabilidade (CC > 0,70). Concluiu-se que a versão brasileira da MSOS apresentou propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis.

Multimorbidity patterns and hospitalisation occurrence in adults and older adults aged 50 years or over.

Multimorbidity is highly prevalent in older adults and can lead to hospitalisation. We investigate the prevalence, associated factors, and multimorbidity pattern associated to hospitalisation, readmission, and length of stay in the population aged 50 years and older. We analysed baseline data (2015-2016) from the ELSI-Brazil cohort, a representative sample of non-institutionalised Brazilians aged ≥ 50 years. In total, 8807 individuals aged ≥ 50 years were included. Poisson regression with robust variance adjusted for confounders was used to verify the associations with hospitalisation. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the associations with readmission and length of stay. Network analysis was conducted using 19 morbidities and the outcome variables. In 8807 participants, the prevalence of hospitalisation was 10.0% (95% CI 9.1, 11), mean readmissions was 1.55 ± 1.191, and mean length of stay was 6.43 ± 10.46 days. Hospitalisation was positively associated with male gender, not living with a partner, not having ingested alcoholic beverages in the last month, and multimorbidity. For hospital readmission, only multimorbidity ≥ 3 chronic conditions showed a statistically significant association. Regarding the length of stay, the risk was positive for males and negative for living in rural areas. Five disease groups connected to hospitalisation, readmission and length of stay were identified. To conclude, sociodemographic variables, such as gender, age group, and living in urban areas, and multimorbidity increased the risk of hospitalisation, mean number of readmissions, and mean length of stay. Through network analysis, we identified the groups of diseases that increased the risk of hospitalisation, readmissions, and length of stay.

Psychometric properties of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2): an analysis based on the Item Response Theory / A falta capacidade discriminatória em tarefas motoras do Movement Assessment Battery for Children ­ 2: O que a Teoria de Resposta ao Item revela?

Introduction: the American Psychiatric Association reveals that 6% of school-age children have developmental coordination disorder. Objective: this study aimed at assessing the suitability of the tasks proposed by the MABC-2 motor assessment instrument based on the psychometric properties of such an instrument and the analysis of the Item Response Theory. Methods: 582 children ranging in age from 3 to 5 years old of both sexes participated in the study. The motor tasks suitability for children was verified by using the Gradual Response Model, and applying the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method. Results: the motor task 'bicycle trail' showed a lower discriminatory power and was removed from the analysis. Considering the 'Aiming & Catching' dimension, 'Threading Beads' was the motor task with the highest degree of difficulty. Regarding balance, the 'One Leg Balance' task was classified as having a high degree of difficulty; on the other hand, the motor tasks 'Jumping on mats' and 'Catching Beanbag' required below average motor performance levels, that is, they are tasks with low discrimination capacity. The results showed that the low discriminative capacity of some MABC-2 items regarding this study sample makes it difficult to correctly classify the child's general motor performance level.Conclusion: the findings show that there is a need to review the suitability of the MABC-2 motor tasks in order to equate the difficulty and discriminatory capacity of the tasks so that standardization more appropriate to the reality of children from different populations is established.Keywords: psychometric properties, motor tasks, motor performance.

Introdução: a American Psychiatric Association revela que 6% das crianças em idade escolar apresentavam desordem coordenativa desenvolvimental. Objetivo: analisar a adequabilidade das tarefas propostas no instrumento de avaliação motora MABC-2 a partir da análise da teoria de resposta ao item.Método: participaram do estudo 582 crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. A adequabilidade das tarefas motoras às crianças foi verificada por meio do modelo de resposta gradual, com método de estimação de máxima verossimilhança. Resultados: os resultados evidenciaram a existência de apenas dois fatores, sendo que as tarefas relativas ao "Equilíbrio" e "Lançar e "Receber", das dimensões propostas no modelo original foi agrupado em uma dimensão. Além disso, a tarefa motora "Caminho da bicicleta" não apresentou bom ajuste ao modelo, sendo eliminada das análises. Com isto, o modelo final apresentou bons índices de ajuste, e os parâmetros relacionados à tarefa indicaram a falta de equivalência de dificuldade e capacidade discriminatória entre as tarefas motoras do instrumento.Conclusão: os achados indicam que existe a necessidade de rever a adequabilidade das tarefas motoras do MABC-2 no sentido de equiparar a dificuldade e a capacidade discriminatória das tarefas a fim de criar uma padronização mais adequada a realidade de crianças de diferentes populações.

Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The increase in violence against health professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic makes it necessary to identify the predictors of violence, in order to prevent these events from happening. OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the prevalence and analyzing the variables involved in the occurrence of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted online involving Brazilian health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire (Google Online Form) sent to health professionals on social networks and analyzed through logistic regression by using sociodemographic variables. The set of grouped variables was assigned to the final model when p <0.05. A network was built using the Mixed Graph Models (MGM) approach. A centrality measurement chart was constructed to determine which nodes have the greatest influence, strength and connectivity between the nodes around them. RESULTS: The predictors of violence in the adjusted regression model were the following: being a nursing technician / assistant; having been working for less than 20 years; working for over 37 hours a week; having suffered violence before the pandemic; having been contaminated with COVID-19; working in direct contact with patients infected by the virus; and having family members who have suffered violence. The network created with professionals who suffered violence demonstrated that the aggressions occurred mainly in the workplace, with an indication of psycho-verbal violence. In cases in which the aggressors were close people, aggressions were non-verbal and happened both in public and private places. The assaults practiced by strangers occurred in public places. CONCLUSIONS: Violence against health professionals occurs implicitly and explicitly, with consequences that can affect both their psychosocial well-being and the assistance given to their patients and families.

Access to care solutions in healthcare for obstetric care in Africa: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems exist to reduce death and disability from life-threatening medical emergencies. Less than 9% of the African population is serviced by an emergency medical services transportation system, and nearly two-thirds of African countries do not have any known EMS system in place. One of the leading reasons for EMS utilization in Africa is for obstetric emergencies. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a qualitative description and summation of previously described interventions to improve access to care for patients with maternal obstetric emergencies in Africa with the intent of identifying interventions that can innovatively be translated to a broader emergency context. METHODS: The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the number CRD42018105371. We searched the following electronic databases for all abstracts up to 10/19/2020 in accordance to PRISMA guidelines: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and African Index Medicus. Articles were included if they were focused on a specific mode of transportation or an access-to-care solution for hospital or outpatient clinic care in Africa for maternal or traumatic emergency conditions. Exclusion criteria included in-hospital solutions intended to address a lack of access. Reference and citation analyses were performed, and a data quality assessment was conducted. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative metasynthesis approach. FINDINGS: A total of 6,457 references were imported for screening and 1,757 duplicates were removed. Of the 4,700 studies that were screened against title and abstract, 4,485 studies were excluded. Finally, 215 studies were assessed for full-text eligibility and 152 studies were excluded. A final count of 63 studies were included in the systematic review. In the 63 studies that were included, there was representation from 20 countries in Africa. The three most common interventions included specific transportation solutions (n = 39), community engagement (n = 28) and education or training initiatives (n = 27). Over half of the studies included more than one category of intervention. INTERPRETATION: Emergency care systems across Africa are understudied and interventions to improve access to care for obstetric emergencies provides important insight into existing solutions for other types of emergency conditions. Physical access to means of transportation, efforts to increase layperson knowledge and recognition of emergent conditions, and community engagement hold the most promise for future efforts at improving emergency access to care.

Emergency Care Sensitive Conditions in Brazil: A Geographic Information System Approach to Timely Hospital Access.

Background: The benefits of treatment for many conditions are time dependent. The burden of these emergency care sensitive conditions (ECSCs) is especially high in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to analyze geospatial trends in ECSCs and characterize regional disparities in access to emergency care in Brazil. Methods: From publicly available datasets, we extracted data on patients assigned an ECSC-related ICD-10 code and on the country's emergency facilities from 2015-2019. Using ArcGIS, OpenStreetMap, and WorldPop, we created catchment areas corresponding to 180 minutes of driving distance from each hospital. We then used ArcGIS to characterize space-time trends in ECSC admissions and to complete an Origin-Destination analysis to determine the path from household to closest hospital. Findings: There were 1362 municipalities flagged as "hot spots," areas with a high volume of ECSCs. Of those, 69.7% were more than 180 minutes (171 km) from the closest emergency facility. These municipalities were primarily located in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espiríto Santo, Tocantins, and Amapá. In the North region, only 69.1% of the population resided within 180 minutes of an emergency hospital. Interpretations: Significant geographical barriers to accessing emergency care exist in certain areas of Brazil, especially in peri-urban areas and the North region. One limitation of this approach is that geolocation was not possible in some areas and thus we are likely underestimating the burden of inadequate access. Subsequent work should evaluate ECSC mortality data. Funding: This study was funded by the Duke Global Health Institute Artificial Intelligence Pilot Project.

Acompanhamento longitudinal das alterações no transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação em crianças pré-escolares / Longitudinal study changes in coordination development disorder in preschool children

Resumo Objetivo Acompanhar, ao longo de 24 meses, as alterações entre o diagnóstico de Desenvolvimento Motor Típico (DM) e o provável Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação (pTDC) em pré-escolares. Método Foram elaborados dois designs de coleta: 1) Design longitudinal de 12 meses (Long-1), constituído por 201 crianças, com idade inicial média de 3,6±0,5 anos; 2) Design longitudinal de 24 meses (Long-2), composto por 27 crianças, com idade inicial média de 3,6±0,1 anos. Como instrumento de avaliação, foi utilizado o Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2). Os dados foram analisados usando os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon e Friedman, adotando p<0,05. Resultados Os resultados do DM no Long-1 revelaram alta prevalência do pTDC de 24,4% na avaliação inicial e 19,4% após 12 meses. No DM, observou-se aumento na destreza manual e diminuição na habilidade de lançar e receber após 12 meses. Nas tarefas de destreza manual, as meninas foram superiores aos meninos após 12 meses, sendo os meninos superiores na tarefa de lançar e receber nas duas avaliações. Os resultados do DM no Long-2 evidenciaram prevalência de 18,5% de pTDC na primeira avaliação, de 7,4% após 12 meses e 22,2% após 24 meses. Ocorreu aumento do escore na destreza manual ao longo dos 24 meses, no entanto, ocorreu declínio nas tarefas de equilíbrio entre as 3 avaliações. Conclusão O desenvolvimento motor típico e o provável Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação não apresentaram constância e consistência entre as avaliações motoras ao longo de 24 meses, demonstrando oscilação na classificação de provável transtorno de desenvolvimento da coordenação e/ou do desenvolvimento motor típico.

Abstract Objective To follow changes in the diagnosis of Typical Motor Development (MD) and the probable Coordination development disorder (pCDD) diagnostics in preschoolers for 24 months. Method Two data collection designs were elaborated: 1) Longitudinal design of 12 months (Long-1) consisting of 201 children, with an average initial age of 3.6 ± 0.5 years old; 2) Longitudinal design of 24 months (Long-2) composed of 27 children, with an average initial age of 3.6±0.5 years old. The assessment tool used was the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2). For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests were used, adopting p <0.05. Results The results of MD in Long-1 revealed a high prevalence of probable pCDD with 24.4% in the 1st evaluation and 19.4% in the 2nd evaluation. In the MD, we observed a manual dexterity improvement and a reduced ability to throw and receive during the 12 months. In manual dexterity tasks, girls were better than boys in the 2nd evaluation, and for the task of throwing and receiving boys were better at two of the evaluations. The results of MD in Long-2 showed a prevalence of 18.5% of pTDC in the first evaluation, 7.4% after 12 months, and 22.2% after 24 months. There was an increase in the score in manual dexterity over the 24 months, however, there was a decline in the balance tasks between the 3 assessments. Conclusion It is concluded that the typical DM and the probable DCD did not show constant and consistent development during motor evaluations over 24 months, showing oscillation in the classification of probable coordination development disorder and/or typical motor development.

Associação entre desempenho motor, maturidade cognitiva e aspectos sociodemográficos em crianças pré-escolares / Association between motor performance, cognitive maturity and socio-demographic aspects in preschooler children

RESUMO A identificação da baixa proficiência motora em crianças na idade pré-escolar permite que programas de intervenção sejam propostos, para minimizar os prejuízos nas atividades escolares, relações sociais e aulas de Educação Física. Dessa forma, identificar os fatores subjacentes ao baixo desempenho motor é fundamental, na tentativa de reduzir possíveis desordens motoras. Objetivou-se investigar a associação entre desempenho motor, maturidade cognitiva e aspectos sociodemográficos em crianças pré-escolares paranaenses. Participaram 357 pré-escolares de 3,5 a 5 anos. Foram utilizados: Escala de Maturidade Mental Colúmbia, teste Movement Assessment Battery for Children - 2 e uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos. Análise estatística: teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman (Wilcoxon) e Regressão logística binária (p<0,05). Verificou-se alta prevalência de baixa proficiência motora (16,8%), maturidade cognitiva (MC) na média para a idade (67,2%) e nível socioeconômico >R$1.500,00 (45,5%). Observou-se associação significativa entre MC superior e baixa proficiência motora, indicando a MC superior como um fator de proteção (OR 0,513 IC 95% 0,266-1,000). Os fatores sociodemográficos não se mostraram intervenientes no desempenho motor (DM). Concluiu-se que a MC superior em crianças na primeira infância atua como fator de proteção à baixa proficiência motora e que os fatores sociodemográficos da família não se associaram ao DM e a MC dos pré-escolares.

ABSTRACT The identification of low motor proficiency in children of preschool age allows intervention programs to be proposed, to minimize the losses in school activities, social relationships and Physical Education classes. Thus, identifying the factors underlying low motor performance is essential, in an attempt to reduce possible motor disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between motor performance, cognitive maturity and sociodemographic aspects in preschool children from Paraná. The participants were 357 preschoolers from 3,5 years to 5 years. The Columbia Mental Maturity Scale, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 test and a sociodemographic data sheet were used. For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman (Wilcoxon) and binary logistic regression tests (p<0.05) were used. There was a high prevalence of low motor proficiency (16.8%), cognitive maturity (CM) on average age (67.2%) and socioeconomic level >R$1,500, 00 (45.5%). A significant association was observed between higher CM and low motor proficiency, indicating the upper CM as a protective factor for low motor proficiency (OR 0.513 IC 95% 0,266-1,000). The socio-demographic factors were not intervening in the motor performance (MP). It was concluded that the upper CM in children in early childhood acts as a protective factor for the low motor proficiency and that the socio-demographic factors of the family were not associated with MP and the CM of the preschoolers.

Basic Psychological Needs and Sports Satisfaction Among Brazilian Athletes and Coaches: The Mediating Role of the Dyadic Relationship.

Even though sport satisfaction has proved an important element for youngsters to keep practicing sports, little is known on the sport satisfaction of coaches. Moreover, the coach-athlete relationship is acknowledged as a key element for sport success, but whether its importance is the same for coaches and athletes is yet to be investigated. Our study analyzed the mediating role of the coach-athlete relationship in associating the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and sport satisfaction of Brazilian coaches and athletes. 364 coaches and athletes participated in the study representing 182 dyads from different sports according to the following instruments: Basic Needs Satisfaction Sport Scale (BNSSS), Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, athlete and coach versions (CART-Q), and the Athletic Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). Data analysis followed a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a significance level of p < 0.05, generating results in which the mediating model for coaches was not adequately fit, while the direct model, without mediation, was adequately fit and explained 48% of sport satisfaction variance. For athletes, the mediating model has shown adequate fit and explained 81% of the sport satisfaction variance, leading us to conclude that the quality of the coach-athlete relationship can be considered a determining factor for the satisfaction of young Brazilian athletes' basic psychological needs as well as sport satisfaction, but proved not as relevant to their coaches.

Sport and Exercise Psychology Studies in Brazil: Performance or Health?

The low professional insertion of psychologists in Brazilian sports teams, as well as the Sport Psychology course being seldom offered in undergraduate Psychology courses, may reflect in the current scenario of scientific research in Brazil. It is still not clear what Graduate Programs (GPs) have adopted directions regarding the development of studies in Sport and Exercise Psychology (SEP) research fields since an assessment or mapping of scientific knowledge production in this area has not yet been performed involving Exercise and Sport Science and Psychology GPs. This study aimed at investigating institutional research and their themes in SEP from these graduate programs. Studies were selected and retrieved from a national database (Sucupira Platform), that contains all registered researches from all Exercise and Sport Science (n = 31) and Psychology (n = 84) GPs in the country. Data were analyzed through R software using text mining techniques, latent semantic analysis and K-means clustering. Results revealed that research involving SEP is predominantly being developed at Exercise and Sport Science GPs (n = 171; p < 0.01) in comparison to psychology GPs (n = 39), mostly located in the south and southeast regions of Brazil. This research has focused on the effects of physical exercise and quality of life, while Psychology GPs have analyzed sport as associated with health and education, as a way to promote social support and to study sports' psychological aspects. It was concluded that Exercise and Sport Science GPs had the most significant contribution to SEP. Investigations were focused on the interface of exercise with quality of life, health and education, with gaps existing in programs advancing in the studies on sports and performance.

What coping strategies are used for athletes of mma more resilient to stress? / Quais estratégias de enfrentamento são utilizadas por atletas de mma mais resilientes ao estresse?

ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the association among resilience, stress and coping strategies of MMA athletes. 50 male MMA athletes with a mean age of 25,0±4,80 years participated in the study. A socio-demographic inquiry, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-76) were used as instruments. The descriptive statistics, the Chi-Square test in one factor and 2x2, Fisher's exact test, and the binary logistic regression (p<0,05) were used for data analysis. The stress levels were low, and the athletes showed high recovery levels considering the subscales referred to as 'self-efficacy' (p=0.048) and 'self-regulation' (p=0.048). Resilient athletes are more likely to use strategies of 'adversity confrontation' (OR=6.47), 'concentration' (OR=11.67), and 'coachability' (OR=5.49). In conclusion, the resilient athletes have lower stress levels because they concentratedly face the conflicts that arise from the sport environment, in addition to learn with their training.

RESUMO Este estudo analisou a associação entre resiliência, estresse e estratégias de coping de atletas de MMA. Participaram 50 atletas de MMA do sexo masculino, com idade de 25,0±4,80 anos. Utilizou-se uma ficha de identificação, a Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson, o Inventário Atlético de Estratégias de Coping e o Questionário de Estresse e Recuperação para Atletas (RESTQ-76). Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva, teste Qui-Quadrado um fator e 2x2, Exato de Fisher e Regressão Logística Binária (p<0,05). Os níveis de estresse foram considerados baixos e os atletas demonstraram níveis elevados de recuperação, nas subescalas de "auto eficácia" (p=0,048), "autorregulação" (p=0,048). Atletas resilientes têm maiores chances de utilizar as estratégias de "confronto com as adversidades" (OR=6,47), "concentração" (OR=11,67) e "treinabilidade" (OR=5,49). Conclui-se que atletas resilientes são menos estressados pois enfrentam os conflitos advindos do ambiente esportivo de forma concentrada e aprendendo com seu treinamento.

Nível Socioeconômico e affordances do ambiente domiciliar: implicações para o desempenho motor infantil / Socioeconomic level and home environment affordances: implications for infant motor performance

Este estudo objetivou analisar o impacto do nível socioeconômico (NSE) sobre o desempenho motor mediado pelas affordances do ambiente domiciliar de crianças com idade média de 42 meses. Foram sujeitos 86 crianças (39 meninas e 47 meninos) matriculadas em 24 Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil. Como instrumentos de medida foram utilizados a Classificação da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa (ABEP), a Affordances for Home Environment Motor Development (AHEMD-SR) e a Bateria de Avaliação do Movimento para Crianças (MABC-2). Na análise dos dados foram utilizados o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, "U" de Mann-Whitney e Análise de equações estruturais (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que as crianças de classe média alta possuem mais affordances em comparação às crianças de classe média baixa, no entanto, não houve diferença significativa no desempenho motor entre os grupos. O nível socioeconômico mais elevado não implica positivamente sobre o desempenho motor, entretanto, quando mediado pelas affordances domiciliares (materiais de motricidade fina e estimulação do espaço interno) demonstra um efeito positivo embora fraco no desempenho motor das crianças. Concluiu-se que o alto nível socioeconômico familiar não é suficiente para estruturar um ambiente domiciliar que oportunize o aperfeiçoamento do desempenho motor infantil, além do que as affordances presentes nos ambientes domiciliares parecem não estimular adequadamente o desempenho motor das crianças.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the socio economic level on motor performance mediated by the home environment affordances among kids with the age of 42 months. Subjects were 86 kids (39 girls and 47 boys) enrolled in 24 Childhood Education Center of the city of Maringá-PR. The instruments used were the Classification of the Brazilian Association of Research Companies/ABEP, the Affordances for Home Environment Motor Development (AHEMD-SR) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2/MABC-2. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney and Structural Equation Analysis were conducted (p<0,05). The results showed that children from upper middle class have more affordances compared to children from lower middle class; however, there was no significant difference in motor performance between the groups. The higher socioeconomic status does not have a direct impact on the motor performance, however, when mediated by household affordances (fine motor materials and internal space stimulation) it shows a positive, although weak effect on kids' motor performance. It was concluded that high family socioeconomic status is not enough to support a home environment that provides the enhancement of infant motor performance; in addition, the affordances in the domestic environment does not seem to stimulate adequately the kids' motor performance.

Impact of coping strategies on resilience of elite beach volleyball athletes / Impacto das estratégias de coping na resiliência de atletas de vôlei de praia de alto rendimento

Studies have shown that for developing a resilient profile athletes must deal with adversities in sports using personal resources such as optimism, competitiveness, motivation, maturity, and persistence. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of coping strategies on the resilience of beach volleyball athletes. Forty-eight adult athletes of the Banco do Brasil Beach Volleyball Circuit participated in the study. The following instruments were used: Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test, Spearman's correlation test, and simple linear regression (p<0.05). The coping skills that had an impact on the resilience of athletes were "personal coping resources" (48%), "coping with adversity" (33%), "confidence and motivation" (25%), "goal setting/mental preparation" (12%), and "coachability" (9%). Athletes invited to the Brazilian team showed high levels of resilience [median=91.50 (84.0-94.0)] and the most frequently used coping skills were "peaking under pressure" (MD=2.25), "coping with adversity" (MD=2.62), "goal setting/mental preparation" (MD=2.75) and "confidence and achievement motivation" (MD=2.75). It was concluded that the use of coping strategies to overcome problems, having defined goals, motivation and concentration during competitions have a significant impact on the development of a resilient profile in elite athletes.

Estudos têm apontado que, para desenvolver um perfil resiliente, os atletas precisam enfrentar as adversidades do contexto esportivo, utilizando recursos pessoais como otimismo, competitividade, motivação, maturidade e persistência. Este estudo objetivou analisar o impacto das estratégias de coping na resiliência de atletas de vôlei de praia. Participaram 48 atletas adultos do Circuito Banco do Brasil de Vôlei de Praia. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping (ACSI-28) e a Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC). Para a análise dos dados, utilizaram-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, "U" de Mann-Whitney, Anova de Medidas Repetidas seguida do Post Hoc de Bonferroni, Correlação de Spearman e Regressão Linear Simples (p<0,05). Resultados: estratégias de coping que tiveram impacto na resiliência dos atletas foram o Índice de Confronto Geral (48%), "Confronto com adversidade" (33%), "Confiança e motivação" (25%), "Formulação de objetivos" (12%) e "Treinabilidade" (9%); atletas convocados para a seleção brasileira apresentaram altos níveis de resiliência [Md=91,50 (84,0-94,0)] e utilizam as estratégias de: "Rendimento máximo sob pressão" (Md=2,25), "Confronto com as adversidades" (Md=2,62), "Formulação de objetivos" (Md=2,75) e "Confiança e motivação" (Md=2,75). Concluiu-se que utilizar estratégias de enfrentar problemas, ter metas definidas, motivação e utilizar de concentração para as competições têm um impacto significativo no desenvolvimento do perfil resiliente de atletas de rendimento.

Orientação de metas no contexto do vôlei de praia: um estudo comparativo entre atletas medalhistas e não medalhistas / Goal orientation in the beach volleyball context: a comparison between medal and non-medal athletes

Este estudo descritivo analisou a orientação esportiva (tarefa/ego) de atletas de vôlei de praia do estado do Paraná. Foram sujeitos 125 atletas participantes da fase final dos Jogos da Juventude (JOJUP’S) e dos Jogos Abertos do Paraná (JAP’S) 2011. Como instrumentos foram utilizados o Questionário de Orientação de Metas (TEOSQ) e uma questão aberta visando investigar o conceito pessoalde sucesso dos atletas. Para análise dos dados quantitativos, aplicou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, alfa de Cronbach, Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, “U” de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05) e para os dados qualitativos, efetuou-se a análise do tipo categorial. Os resultados evidenciaram que o TEOSQ apresentou estrutura fatorial aceitável para a amostra do presente estudo, entretanto, percebeu-se que alguns índices e itens evidenciaram inadequações do instrumento. Não houve diferença significativa entre os atletas adultos e juventude em relação à orientação esportiva (p>0,05); os atletas medalhistas apresentaram maior orientação para o ego em detrimento aos atletas não medalhistas (p=0,04); os atletas de ambas as categorias e os medalhistas referiram o conceito de sucesso esportivo principalmente em relação à orientação para a tarefa, sendo “dedicação aos treinamentos”; “alcance dos objetivos” e “superação” asrespostas de maior frequência, entretanto os medalhistas diferenciaram-se dos demais por também relacionarem o sucesso com a orientação voltada para o ego, apontando o conceito de “ser reconhecido”. Concluiu-se que a orientação esportiva dos atletas é um elemento importante para o sucesso no esporte, destacando que para os atletas bem-sucedidos (medalhistas) o equilíbrio entre ambos os tipos de orientação esportiva (tarefa/ego) torna-se importante para o desempenho e o alcance das metas.

This descriptive study analyzed the sporting orientation (task/ego) of beach volleyball athletes of the state of Parana. The subjects were 125 athletes of the beach volleyball finals of the Paraná Youth Games (JOJUP'S) and Paraná Open Games (JAP'S) in 2011. The instruments used were the Task and Ego Orientation Sports Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and an open question to analyze the success concept to the athletes. For quantities data analysis, it was applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach's alpha, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and “U” of Mann-Whitney test (p<0,05) also, to the qualitative data analyze it was used categorical analyses. The results showed that the factor structure presented TEOSQ acceptable to the study sample, however, noticed that some items showed indices and inadequacies of the instrument. There was no significant difference between adult athletes and adolescents in relation to the sporting orientation (p>0,05); medalists athletes had a higher ego orientation to the detriment of non-medal athletes (p=0,04); medalists athletes reported the concept of success mainly in relation to task orientation, being “dedication to training”, “achieving objectives” and “overshoot” the most responses. However the medalists differed from the others because they also relate to the success to the ego orientation, like “being recognized”. It was concluded that the goal orientation it is a important element to achieve success at the sport, highlighting for these successful athletes, the balance between both types of sporting orientation (task/ego) are important for performance and achievement of goals.