Investigation of Malocclusion and Associated Factors in Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

This study aims to describe the prevalence of malocclusion and identify associated factors in preschool children. Completed in 2022-2023, this cross-sectional study included 523 children aged 26 to 80 months in municipal schools in Salvador. An oral examination was carried out on the children, and a questionnaire was self-administered by the parents. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression (the backward method, p-value ≤ 0.05, 95% CI) were conducted. The majority of children were female (51.82%), over 54 months old (52.2%), Black or mixed race (90.63%), and not affected by COVID-19 (92.35%). The prevalence of malocclusion was 43.21%, with open bite as the most common condition. There was a significant association between malocclusion and screen time (OR: 1.34; p: 0.116; CI: 1.0-1.94), physical/psychological aggression (OR: 2.55; p: 0.031; CI: 1.0-5.98), consumption of ultra-processed foods (OR: 1.77; p: 0.003; CI: 1.22-2.57), digital suction (OR: 3.1; p: 0.001; CI: 1.56-6.16), and the habit of biting objects (OR: 1.56; p: 0.121; CI: 1.0-2.73). The promotion of comprehensive health in early childhood and psychosocial interventions are recommended, aiming to reduce screen time, aggression, consumption of ultra-processed foods, thumb sucking, and the habit of biting objects to prevent malocclusion.

Decidual production of interferon lambda in response to ZIKV persistence: Clinical evidence and in vitro modelling.

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections during pregnancy can result in Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a range of severe neurological outcomes in fetuses that primarily occur during early gestational stages possibly due to placental damage. Although some placentas can maintain ZIKV persistence for weeks or months after the initial infection and diagnosis, the impact of this viral persistence is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the immunological repercussion of ZIKV persistence in term placentas. As such, term placentas from 64 pregnant women diagnosed with Zika in different gestational periods were analyzed by ZIKV RT-qPCR, examination of decidua and placental villous histopathology, and expression of inflammation-related genes and IFNL1-4. Subsequently, we explored primary cultures of term decidual Extravillous Trophoblasts (EVTs) and Term Chorionic Villi (TCV) explants, as in vitro models to access the immunological consequences of placental ZIKV infection. Placenta from CZS cases presented low IFNL1-4 expression, evidencing the critical protective role of theses cytokines in the clinical outcome. Term placentas cleared for ZIKV showed increased levels of IFNL1, 3, and 4, whether viral persistence was related with a proinflammatory profile. Conversely, upon ZIKV persistence placentas with decidual inflammation showed high IFNL1-4 levels. In vitro experiments showed that term EVTs are more permissive, and secreted higher levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-λ1 compared to TCV explants. The results suggest that, upon ZIKV persistence, the maternal-skewed decidua contributes to placental inflammatory and antiviral signature, through chronic deciduitis and IFNL upregulation. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the decidual responses against ZIKV. Hence, this study presents unique insights and valuable in vitro models for evaluating the immunological landscape of placentas upon ZIKV persistence.

Alteration in the Expression of Circular Rnas and its association with the Development and Progression of Osteosarcoma, an Integrative Review with High Sensitivity Research.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, mainly affecting children, young adults, and the elderly. It is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis, exhibiting low survival rates even with standard treatment. Recently, circular RNA molecules capable of influencing gene expression through various functions, with their main role being acting as microRNA sponges and reducing their intracellular expression, have been identified. Recent studies have linked circular RNAs to osteosarcoma development and progression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the alteration in circular RNA expression during osteosarcoma development and progression. METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted from September 10th to November 12th, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, OVID, and EMBASE. 129 full articles were included in the review. The obtained data were organized using a standardized data collection instrument, which included the following information: altered expression profile of circular RNAs, associated cancer hallmarks, clinical-pathological relationships of circular RNAs, and perspectives on the studied circular RNAs. RESULTS: A total of 94 distinct circular RNAs were identified, predominantly showing an increased expression pattern. Approximately 91% of the studies that aimed to identify the mechanisms of action of circular RNAs highlighted the function of circular RNAs as microRNA sponges. The most associated cancer hallmarks with the identified circular RNAs were proliferative signaling induction, invasion and metastasis, and resistance to cell death. The altered expression of these circular RNAs generally correlated with a worse prognosis for patients, as evidenced by clinical features such as shorter survival, advanced Enneking and/or TNM stage, higher incidence of metastasis, larger tumor size, and increased chemoresistance. CONSLUSION: These findings indicate the significance of circular RNA molecules in osteosarcoma carcinogenesis, suggesting their potential as new prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers, as well as alternative therapeutic targets in the fight against osteosarcoma.

Molecular and functional anticancer effects of GLP/G9a inhibition by UNC0646 in MeWo melanoma cells.

In recent years, histone methyltransferases (HMTs) have emerged as important therapeutic targets in cancer due to their oncogenic role. Herein, we used the GLP/G9a inhibitor UNC0646 to assess whether the inhibition of such HMTs could induce cell death in MeWo melanoma cells. Furthermore, we investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the observed cell death events. Finally, we performed a functional genomics analysis of 480 melanoma samples to characterize G9a/GLP involvement in melanoma. Interestingly, after UNC0646 treatment, MeWo cells underwent apoptosis, followed by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, MeWo cells treated with UNC0646 showed cell cycle arrest and inhibition of proliferation. At the molecular level, UNC0646 treatment increased the transcriptional levels of CDK1 and BAX, and decreased BCL-2 mRNA levels. Finally, we performed a functional enrichment analysis, which demonstrated that dozens of biological pathways were enriched in melanoma samples according to GLP and G9a expression, including apoptosis and necrosis. Taken together, our data show that inhibition of GLP/G9a using UNC0646 exerts anticancer effects on melanoma cells by controlling their proliferation and inducing apoptosis.

Knowledge, practices and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages: a cross-sectional study with Brazilian gynecologists.

BACKGROUND: Sexual health access and care for women in the menopausal stages face significant barriers, presenting deficits in relation to diagnosis and treatment. Although epidemiological data indicate high prevalence of problems related to sexual health in this population, traditionally, the theme is not discussed in health care settings. This study aimed to analyze knowledge, practices and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages in the context of women's health care in Brazil. METHODS: With a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire was distributed electronically, encompassing variables related to knowledge; practices; and barriers to access sexual health of women in the menopausal stages. The data obtained were subjected to analysis using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, we employed multivariate analysis, employing multiple linear regression models, to discern potential factors associated with outcomes concerning the level of knowledge and the frequency of addressing the topic in professional practice. RESULTS: The sample included 70 physicians with specialization in obstetrician/gynecologists who work in health care with women in the menopausal transition or postmenopausal women. A high level of self-reported knowledge about sexual health was identified. Regarding the practices, most of them reported directly proposing the subject and not using instruments. Although they reported frequently addressing the topic in general, topics related to vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia, and sexual dysfunction have been more present in the clinic compared to sexual orientation and women's relationship with themselves. The main barriers were time limitation and patient discomfort with the topic. The multivariate models indicated that female gynecologists and professionals with higher levels of knowledge on the subject had a higher frequency of addressing sexual health in clinical practice with women in menopausal stages. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual health access and care for brazilian women in the menopausal stages presents discrepancies in the frequency of approach between the various topics, in addition to the predictive character of technical knowledge in the practices of professionals. To ensure universal access to sexual health services for this population, an active approach through specific instruments is important, as well as the reinforcement of strategies to improve the level of knowledge of professionals.

Cost Savings and Effectiveness of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) on the Prevention of Pregnancy in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Adolescent pregnancy is a major public health issue with profound implications for health and socioeconomic factors. The use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) could be an interesting strategy to reduce the unintended pregnancy rate. However, the cost of LARC is still a barrier to widespread adoption. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and economic impact of LARC compared with non-LARC methods in preventing unintended pregnancy among adolescent girls. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023387735) and conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. We included articles covering adolescents aged 10-19 years without language restrictions that evaluated the use of LARC compared with non-LARC in terms of effectiveness and the public health costs of unintended pregnancy. The search for articles included the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Lilacs, using the entry terms "Adolescent" and "Long-Acting Reversible Contraception." We evaluated the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence for each outcome of interest. The search retrieved a total of 1,169 articles and, after the title and abstract, we identified 40 articles for full-text analysis. Out of the 40 studies evaluated, 4 articles met the eligibility criteria for cost evaluation, and 1 met the eligibility criteria for effectiveness as an outcome. In conclusion, LARC emerges as the most effective and cost-effective contraceptive method. The cost of utilizing LARC, especially the copper IUD, is significantly lower than the costs attributable to unintended pregnancies in adolescence.

Práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde na atenção primária à saúde de mossoró ­ rn / Integrative and Complementary Health Practices in Primary Health Care in Mossoró ­RN / Prácticas Integradoras y Complementarias de Salud en Atención Primaria de la Salud en Mossoró ­RN

Introdução:As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde integram práticas e saberes milenares aos conhecimentos biomédicos ocidentais atuais. Dentro do Sistema Único de Saúde, especificamentena Atenção Primária, o principal local de atuação das referidas práticasé nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde.Objetivo:Avaliaro uso destas práticas nas Unidades Básicas do município de Mossoró/Rio Grande do Norte.Metodologia:Realizou-se um estudo descritivo transversal com abordagem quantitativa com gerentes de Unidades Básicas de Saúdede Mossoró. Foram utilizadosdoisquestionários: um para avaliar o conhecimento dos gerentes das Unidades Básicas acerca daspráticas integrativase outro para avaliar o seu usoe processo deimplementação. Os dados foram coletados através da aplicação dequestionários de forma online por meio da ferramenta Google Forms.Resultados:Vinte e três gerentesque,no estudo totalizou um percentual de 48,9%,responderamos questionários. A maioria dos entrevistados demonstrouconhecimentos sobreas Práticas,dasquaispodemos citar como sendoas mais conhecidas:acupuntura, meditação e fitoterapia. Apenas 17,4% das Unidades Básicas de Saúdeofertamas mesmas, sendo a fitoterapia a principal. A aplicação destasé realizada, majoritariamente,por enfermeiros, sendo saúde mental e dores musculares as indicações mais comuns. A falha na tentativa de implantação destas práticasfoi atribuídaà falta de capacitação profissional e recursos, enquanto a sua interrupçãose deudevidoà escassez de material e à pandemia da COVID-19. Conclusões:Este estudo encontrou uma baixa prevalência nas referidas práticasna cidade deMossoró. Destaca-se a necessidade de qualificação e capacitação dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúdeem Práticas Integrativas e Complementares, bem como melhor gestão dos recursos para efetiva implementação no município, vistosua importância nos cuidados de saúde integral e prevenção de doenças (AU).

Introduction:Integrative and Complementary Health Practices integrate ancient practices and wisdom with current western biomedical knowledge. Within theUnified Health System, specifically in Primary Health Care, the main place where these practicesare applied is in Basic Health Units.Objective:To evaluate the use of these practicesin the Basic Units from the municipality of Mossoró/Rio Grande do Norte.Methodology:A cross-sectional and descriptive study with a quantitative approach was carried out with Basic Health Unit managers from Mossoró. Two questionnaires were used: one to assess the Basic Unit managers' knowledge aboutintegrative practices; and the other to evaluate their use and implementation process. The data were collected by applying questionnaires online using the Google Forms tool. Results:Twenty-three managers, who totaled a percentage of 48.9% in the study, answered the questionnaires. Most of the participants showed knowledge about the Practices, among which wecan mention the following as the best known: Acupuncture, Meditation and Herbal Medicine. Only 17.4% of the Basic Health Units offerthese practices, with Phytotherapy as the main one. Their application of these is mostly in charge of nurses, with mental health and muscle pain as the most common indications. Failure in the attempt to implement these practices was attributed to lack of professional training and resources, whereas their interruption was due to shortage of materials and to the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions:This study found a low prevalence of these practicesin the city of Mossoró. The need for qualification and training of thePrimary Health Care professionals inIntegrative and Complementary Practicesis highlighted, as well as better management of resources for effective implementation in the municipality, given their importance in terms of comprehensive health care and disease prevention (AU).

Introducción: Las Prácticas Integradoras y Complementarias de Salud integran prácticas y saberes milenarios con conocimientos biomédicos occidentales actuales. En el ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud, específicamente en Atención Primaria, el principal lugar en el que seaplican estas prácticasson las Unidades Básicas de Salud. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de estas prácticas en Unidades Básicas delmunicipio de Mossoró/Rio Grande do Norte. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal con enfoque cuantitativo con los gerentes de Unidades Básicas de Mossoró. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: uno para evaluar el conocimiento de los gerentesde Unidades Básicas sobre prácticas integradoras; y otro para evaluar su uso y proceso de implementación. Los datos se recopilaron aplicando los cuestionarios en línea a través de la herramienta Google Forms. Resultados: Veintitrésgerentesrespondieron los cuestionarios, que en el estudio sumaron un porcentaje del 48,9%. La mayoría de los entrevistados demostró conocimientos sobre las Prácticas, entre las que podemos mencionar como las más conocidas: Acupuntura, Meditación y Fitoterapia.Solo el 17,4% de las Unidades Básicas ofrecenestas prácticas, con Fitoterapia como la principal. En su mayoría, estas prácticas son aplicadas por enfermeras, con salud mental y dolores musculares como las indicaciones más habituales. El fracaso en el intento de implementar estas prácticas se atribuyó a falta de formación profesional y de recursos, mientras que su interrupción se debió a escasez de materiales y a la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusiones: Este estudio detectóuna baja prevalencia de estas prácticas en la ciudad de Mossoró.Se destaca la necesidad de cualificación y formación de los profesionales de Atención Primaria de la Salud en Prácticas Integradorasy Complementarias, así como mejor gestión de los recursos para efectiva implementación en el municipio,dada su importancia para el cuidado de la salud integral y la prevención de enfermedades (AU).

Intra-urban differences underlying leprosy spatial distribution in central Brazil: geospatial techniques as potential tools for surveillance.

This ecological study identified an aggregation of urban neighbourhoods spatial patterns in the cumulative new case detection rate (NCDR) of leprosy in the municipality of Rondonópolis, central Brazil, as well as intra-urban socioeconomic differences underlying this distribution. Scan statistics of all leprosy cases reported in the area from 2011 to 2017 were used to investigate spatial and spatiotemporal clusters of the disease at the neighbourhood level. The associations between the log of the smoothed NCDR and demographic, socioeconomic, and structural characteristics were explored by comparing multivariate models based on ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, spatial lag, spatial error, and geographically weighted regression (GWR). Leprosy cases were observed in 84.1% of the neighbourhoods of Rondonópolis, where 848 new cases of leprosy were reported corresponding to a cumulative NCDR of 57.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Spatial and spatiotemporal high-risk clusters were identified in western and northern neighbourhoods, whereas central and southern areas comprised low-risk areas. The GWR model was selected as the most appropriate modelling strategy (adjusted R²: 0.305; AIC: 242.85). By mapping the GWR coefficients, we identified that low literacy rate and low mean monthly nominal income per household were associated with a high NCDR of leprosy, especially in the neighbourhoods located within high-risk areas. In conclusion, leprosy presented a heterogeneous and peripheral spatial distribution at the neighbourhood level, which seems to have been shaped by intra-urban differences related to deprivation and poor living conditions. This information should be considered by decision-makers while implementing surveillance measures aimed at leprosy control.

Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: document review of a national campaign in light of WHO recommendations.

Objective: To describe the results of a national campaign aimed at the integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil in light of the World Health Organization (WHO) official documentation related to the integration of strategies for the prevention, control, and elimination or eradication of neglected tropical diseases. Methods: A document review that included official WHO documents published between 2007 and 2020 and campaign results extracted from the official technical report produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results: The integrated control of neglected tropical diseases was gradually incorporated in the WHO documentation over time. Preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration, intensified case management, and integrated vector management were extensively recommended as strategies for integrated control. The Brazilian campaign was carried out in four iterations between 2013 and 2017. Children aged 5 to 14 years enrolled in municipal public schools nationwide were targeted. In summary, a total of 1 074 and 73 522 new cases of leprosy and trachoma, respectively, were detected. Nearly 18 million doses of preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiasis were administered. More than 700 cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed and treated. Conclusions: The integrated strategies implemented in Brazil throughout the campaign generated results aligned with the WHO recommendations for the control of neglected tropical diseases, especially those regarding mass drug administration, active case detection, and intensified case management. Therefore, the continuity of the campaign with adequate evaluation tools must be encouraged as a constant public health policy in the Brazilian government agenda.

The Role of Extracellular Traps in HIV Infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still an important public health problem, which justifies the research of new therapies to combat it. Recent studies show that Extracellular Traps (ETs) are cellular mechanisms useful in the capture and destruction of some viruses, such as the HIV. Here, we show that neutrophils from peripheral blood, genital tissues, and placenta are activated when exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). The NETs can capture, neutralize, and inactivate the virus and, also, protect other target cells from HIV infection, as long as the DNA and other constituents of the NETs remain intact. Further, the review indicates that the immunoprotective role of NETs in the context of HIV-1 infection is a promising finding for the development of new antiviral therapies. It is necessary, however, the development of studies that evaluate the tissue injury that NETs can cause and the biological relationships with other cells to improve them as therapeutic targets.

Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: document review of a national campaign in light of WHO recommendations

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. To describe the results of a national campaign aimed at the integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil in light of the World Health Organization (WHO) official documentation related to the integration of strategies for the prevention, control, and elimination or eradication of neglected tropical diseases. Methods. A document review that included official WHO documents published between 2007 and 2020 and campaign results extracted from the official technical report produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results. The integrated control of neglected tropical diseases was gradually incorporated in the WHO docu- mentation over time. Preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration, intensified case management, and integrated vector management were extensively recommended as strategies for integrated control. The Brazilian campaign was carried out in four iterations between 2013 and 2017. Children aged 5 to 14 years enrolled in municipal public schools nationwide were targeted. In summary, a total of 1 074 and 73 522 new cases of leprosy and trachoma, respectively, were detected. Nearly 18 million doses of preventive chemo- therapy for soil-transmitted helminthiasis were administered. More than 700 cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed and treated. Conclusions. The integrated strategies implemented in Brazil throughout the campaign generated results aligned with the WHO recommendations for the control of neglected tropical diseases, especially those regarding mass drug administration, active case detection, and intensified case management. Therefore, the continuity of the campaign with adequate evaluation tools must be encouraged as a constant public health policy in the Brazilian government agenda.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Describir los resultados de una campaña nacional dirigida al control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil, a la luz de la documentación oficial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relacionada con la integración de estrategias para la prevención, el control y la eliminación o erradi- cación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Métodos. Revisión documental que comprendió documentos oficiales de la OMS publicados entre el 2007 y el 2020, así como los resultados de las campañas, extraídos del informe técnico oficial elaborado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados. Con el tiempo, la OMS ha ido incorporando gradualmente en sus documentos el concepto de control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Tanto los tratamientos quimioprofilácticos mediante la administración masiva de medicamentos como la intensificación del tratamiento de los casos y el control integrado de vectores han sido recomendados ampliamente como estrategias para el control integrado. En Brasil, la campaña se llevó a cabo en cuatro ediciones, realizadas entre el 2013 y el 2017. Las actividades estuvieron dirigidas a la población escolar de entre 5 y 14 años de las escuelas públicas municipales de todo el país. En resumen, se detectaron 1 074 y 73 522 casos nuevos de lepra y tracoma, respectivamente; se administraron casi 18 millones de dosis de tratamiento quimioprofiláctico contra las geo- helmintiasis; y se diagnosticaron y trataron más de 700 casos de esquistosomiasis. Conclusiones. Las estrategias integradas aplicadas en Brasil en el transcurso de la campaña permitieron obtener resultados acordes con las recomendaciones de la OMS para el control de las enfermedades tropi- cales desatendidas, especialmente en lo relativo a la administración masiva de medicamentos, la búsqueda activa de casos y la intensificación de su tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es necesario fomentar la continuidad de la campaña con herramientas de evaluación adecuadas, como una política constante en materia de salud pública dentro de la agenda del Gobierno de Brasil.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Descrever os resultados de uma campanha nacional voltada ao controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil considerando os documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) que tratam da integração de estratégias para a prevenção, o controle e a eliminação ou erradicação de doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Métodos. Realizou-se uma revisão documental que incluiu documentos oficiais da OMS publicados entre 2007 e 2020 e resultados de campanhas extraídos do relatório técnico oficial produzido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Resultados. O controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas foi gradualmente incorporado à doc- umentação da OMS ao longo do tempo. A quimioterapia preventiva por meio da administração em massa de medicamentos, a intensificação da gestão de casos e o manejo integrado de vetores foram amplamente recomendados como estratégias para o controle integrado. A campanha brasileira foi realizada em quatro iterações entre 2013 e 2017. O público-alvo foram crianças de 5 a 14 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas municipais de todo o país. Em resumo, foi detectado um total de 1 074 e 73 522 novos casos de hanseníase e tracoma, respectivamente. Foram administradas cerca de 18 milhões de doses de quimioterapia preventiva para helmintíase transmitida pelo solo. Mais de 700 casos de esquistossomose foram diagnosticados e tratados. Conclusões. As estratégias integradas implementadas no Brasil ao longo da campanha geraram resultados alinhados com as recomendações da OMS para o controle de doenças tropicais negligenciadas, especialmente aquelas relativas à administração em massa de medicamentos, à detecção ativa de casos e à intensificação da gestão de casos. Portanto, a continuidade da campanha com ferramentas de avaliação adequadas deve ser incentivada como uma política de saúde pública constante na agenda do governo brasileiro.

Interferome signature dynamics during the anti-dengue immune response: a systems biology characterization.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection manifests as a febrile illness with three distinct phases: early acute, late acute, and convalescent. Dengue can result in clinical manifestations with different degrees of severity, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines central to the anti-DENV immune response. Notably, the distinct global signature of type I, II, and III interferon-regulated genes (the interferome) remains uncharacterized in dengue patients to date. Therefore, we performed an in-depth cross-study for the integrative analysis of transcriptome data related to DENV infection. Our systems biology analysis shows that the anti-dengue immune response is characterized by the modulation of numerous interferon-regulated genes (IRGs) enriching, for instance, cytokine-mediated signaling (e.g., type I and II IFNs) and chemotaxis, which is then followed by a transcriptional wave of genes associated with cell cycle, also regulated by the IFN cascade. The adjunct analysis of disease stratification potential, followed by a transcriptional meta-analysis of the interferome, indicated genes such as IFI27, ISG15, and CYBRD1 as potential suitable biomarkers of disease severity. Thus, this study characterizes the landscape of the interferome signature in DENV infection, indicating that interferome dynamics are a crucial and central part of the anti-dengue immune response.

A relação entre o comprometimento motor e os sintomas depressivos na doença de Parkinson / The relationship between motor impairment and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo que incluiu 27 pessoas com doença de Parkinson (DP), diagnosticados por neurologista. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o tipo de correlação entre o grau de comprometimento motor e grau de depressão em pessoas com DP, tendo como hipótese que quanto maior o grau de comprometimento motor proporcionado pela doença, maior o grau de depressão. Foram utilizados os instrumentos Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI II) para a medida de sintomas depressivos e do grau de depressão, e a escala Hoehn & Yahr foi aplicada para identificação do grau de comprometimento motor. Foram excluídos indivíduos que não preencheram um dos instrumentos do estudo, selecionando apenas as pessoas com DP que preencheram ambos os instrumentos. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva e significativa entre os resultados do BDI -II e a escala Hoehn & Yahr modificada (r = 0,41, p = 0,035). O estudo identificou, portanto, uma associação crescente e positiva entre o grau de comprometimento motor das pessoas com DP e a presença de sintomas de depressão. Com isso, foi possível concluir que, uma pessoa com DP e maior grau de comprometimento motor, tende a apresentar maior número de sintomas depressivos e, consequentemente maior grau de depressão e vice-versa. Portanto, deve-se dedicar maior atenção à saúde mental dos casos em que a doença se expressa com maior comprometimento motor.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included 27 people with Parkinson's disease (PD), diagnosed by a neurologist. The objective of the study was to analyze the type of correlation between the degree of physical impairment and degree of depression in people with PD, having as hypothesis that the greater the degree of physical impairment provided by the disease, the greater the degree of depression. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) was used to measure depressive symptoms and the degree of depression, and the modified Hoehn & Yahr scale was applied to identify the degree of physical impairment. Individuals who did not complete one of the study instruments were excluded, selecting only those people with PD who completed both instruments. A positive and significant correlation can be verified between the results of the BDI -II and the Hoehn & Yahr scale (r = 0.41, p = 0.035). The study identified, therefore, an increasing and positive association between the degree of motor impairment of people with PD and the presence of symptoms of depression. With this, it was possible to conclude that, a person with PD and a higher degree of motor impairment, tends to present a higher number of depressive symptoms and, consequently, a higher level of depression and vice versa. Thus, the more physically compromised the person with PD is, the greater the association with a more severe depression. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to mental health in cases in which the disease is expressed with greater physical impairment.

"It's not all about the disease": do treatment and socioeconomic status affect perceived impact and satisfaction of patients treated for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study compared the general impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services as perceived by those undergoing different therapeutic regimens in an endemic region in South-Eastern Brazil. We also investigated the factors associated with both outcomes (general impact and satisfaction). METHODS: We included 84 patients with CL treated between 2018 and 2019 with intravenous meglumine antimoniate, liposomal amphotericin B, or intralesional meglumine antimoniate therapy. Data were collected through interviews that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, access and use of health services for CL diagnosis and treatment, and the items of the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Impact Questionnaire (CLIQ). The CLIQ is a psychometric questionnaire previously validated to assess the general impact of CL on patient satisfaction with treatment and health services. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with high CL impact and low patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The general impact of CL and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services were not significantly associated with the therapeutic regimen. High CL impact was associated with low family income (odds ratio [OR]:3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.0-10.3), occurrence of complications/adverse effects during treatment (OR:7.7; 95%CI:2.4-25.6), and additional costs during diagnosis and/or treatment (OR:12.1; 95% CI:2.8-52.4). Low satisfaction was associated with high disease impact (OR: 9.5; 95% CI:2.7-33.9), occurrence of complications/adverse effects (OR:4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.0), and high family income (OR:7.1; 95%CI:1.7-28.2). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support public health policies aimed at reducing the impact of CL and its treatment as well as the use of therapy with fewer adverse effects.

Awake bruxism frequency and psychosocial factors in college preparatory students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of reported masticatory muscles activity during wakefulness (i.e., awake bruxism [AB]), levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in college preparatory students. METHODS: Sixty-nine college preparatory students participated in the study. AB was evaluated by the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) and a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA; [Bruxapp®]). Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stress was evaluated by the Perceived Stress Scale, and OHRQoL was obtained by The Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The average EMA-reported frequency of AB behaviors was 38.4%. Significant correlations were found between AB and the OBC, anxiety, depression, stress, and OHRQoL (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: College preparatory students demonstrated moderate frequency of AB, which was significantly correlated with psychosocial factors.

Epidemiological patterns related to deaths caused by visceral leishmaniasis in the southern Amazon region of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: We analysed the spatial and spatiotemporal patterns of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) mortality at the municipality level in an endemic state in the southern Amazon region of Brazil. Individual-level factors associated with death due to VL were also investigated. METHODS: All VL cases and deaths reported between 2007 and 2018 were included. The global and local bivariate Moran's index assessed the space-time autocorrelation of smoothed triennial VL mortality. Kulldorff's scan statistics investigated spatial and spatiotemporal clusters. A multivariable logistic regression explored sociodemographic, diagnostic and clinical variables associated with death due to VL. RESULTS: We observed an overall VL mortality and lethality of 0.14 cases/100 000 inhabitants and 11.2%, respectively. A total of 14% of the municipalities registered at least one VL-related death. In the southeastern mesoregion of the state, we detected high-risk spatial (relative risk [RR] 14.14; p<0.001) and spatiotemporal (RR 15.91; p<0.001) clusters for VL mortality. Bivariate Moran's analysis suggested a high space-time autocorrelation of VL mortality. Death by VL was associated with age ≥48 y (odds ratio [OR] 7.2 [95% confidence interval {CI} 3.4 to 15.3]), displacement for notification (OR 3.3 [95% CI 1.5 to 7.2]) and occurrence of oedema (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.3 to 6.1]) and bleeding (OR 5.8 [95% CI 2.6 to 12.8]). CONCLUSIONS: VL mortality has a heterogeneous spatiotemporal distribution. The death-related factors suggest late diagnosis as an underlying cause of mortality.

O papel dos RNAs longos não codificantes na insuficiência cardíaca: uma revisão de literatura / The role of non-coding long RNAs in heart failure: a literature review / El papel de las RNAs largas no codificantes en la insuficiencia cardiaca: una revisión de la literatura

A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) é uma das principais causas de internação hospitalar no mundo e tem um elevado grau de morbidade e mortalidade, sendo um grave problema de saúde pública. Os lncRNAs (RNAs longo não codificantes), têm funções regulatórias transcricionais e/ou pós transcricionais bem complexas e que ainda não são totalmente claras, mas que podem exercer influência sobre as doenças cardiovasculares, dentre elas a IC. Assim o estudo teve como objetivo identificar na literatura o papel dos lncRNAs na patogênese da IC por meio de uma revisão integrativa com busca sistemática. Foram considerados elegíveis para leitura e composição do estudo 33 artigos e os principais papéis dos lncRNA na IC foram relatados como possíveis marcadores biológicos para diagnóstico e prognóstico da doença devido a sua expressividade na corrente sanguínea. Além disso, os lncRNAs podem estar relacionados à capacidade funcional uma vez que o aumento ou diminuição de sua expressão promove redução da apoptose de células endoteliais, melhora a disfunção cardíaca, distúrbios de contratilidade e dos canais de cálcio em pacientes com IC. Portanto, os lncRNAs parecem estar envolvidos na patogênese e/ou fisiopatologia da IC, podendo ser utilizados como biomarcadores genéticos com sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes ou superiores aos empregados atualmente no diagnóstico e prognóstico da IC.

Heart Failure (HF) is one of the main causes of hospitalization worldwide and has a high degree of morbidity and mortality being considered a public health pro- blem. lncRNAs (non-coding long RNAs) have very complex transcriptional and/or post- transcriptional regulatory functions that are still not entirely clear but may influence car- diovascular diseases, including HF. Thus, the study aimed to identify in the literature the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of HF through an integrative review with a systema- tic search. A total of 33 articles were considered eligible for reading and composition of the study. The roles of lncRNA in HF were reported as possible biological markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease due to its expressiveness in the bloodstream. In addition, lncRNAs may be related to functional capacity since the increase or decrease in their expression promotes a reduction in endothelial cell apoptosis, and improves car- diac dysfunction, contractility, and calcium channel disorders in patients with HF. The- refore, lncRNAs seem to be involved in the pathogenesis and/or pathophysiology of HF and can be used as genetic biomarkers with sensitivity and specificity similar or superior to those currently employed in the diagnosis and prognosis of HF.

La Insuficiencia Cardiaca (IC) es una de las principales causas de hospita- lización en el mundo y tiene un alto grado de morbimortalidad considerándose un pro- blema de salud pública. Los lncRNAs (ARN largos no codificantes) tienen funciones re- guladoras transcripcionales y/o post-transcripcionales muy complejas que aún no están del todo claras pero que pueden influir en las enfermedades cardiovasculares, incluida la IC. Así pues, el estudio se propuso identificar en la literatura el papel de los lncRNAs en la patogénesis de la IC mediante una revisión integradora con una búsqueda sistemática. Un total de 33 artículos fueron considerados elegibles para su lectura y composición del estudio. Las funciones de los lncRNA en la IC se señalaron como posibles marcadores biológicos para el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la enfermedad debido a su expresividad en el torrente sanguíneo. Además, los lncRNAs pueden estar relacionados con la capacidad funcional, ya que el aumento o disminución de su expresión promueve una reducción de la apoptosis de las células endoteliales y mejora la disfunción cardiaca, la contractilidad y los trastornos de los canales de calcio en pacientes con IC. Por tanto, los lncRNAs parecen estar implicados en la patogénesis y/o fisiopatología de la IC y pueden ser utili- zados como biomarcadores genéticos con sensibilidad y spe-cificidad similares o superi- ores a los empleados actualmente en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la IC.

"It's not all about the disease": do treatment and socioeconomic status affect perceived impact and satisfaction of patients treated for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

ABSTRACT Background: This cross-sectional study compared the general impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services as perceived by those undergoing different therapeutic regimens in an endemic region in South-Eastern Brazil. We also investigated the factors associated with both outcomes (general impact and satisfaction). Methods: We included 84 patients with CL treated between 2018 and 2019 with intravenous meglumine antimoniate, liposomal amphotericin B, or intralesional meglumine antimoniate therapy. Data were collected through interviews that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, access and use of health services for CL diagnosis and treatment, and the items of the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Impact Questionnaire (CLIQ). The CLIQ is a psychometric questionnaire previously validated to assess the general impact of CL on patient satisfaction with treatment and health services. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with high CL impact and low patient satisfaction. Results: The general impact of CL and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services were not significantly associated with the therapeutic regimen. High CL impact was associated with low family income (odds ratio [OR]:3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.0-10.3), occurrence of complications/adverse effects during treatment (OR:7.7; 95%CI:2.4-25.6), and additional costs during diagnosis and/or treatment (OR:12.1; 95% CI:2.8-52.4). Low satisfaction was associated with high disease impact (OR: 9.5; 95% CI:2.7-33.9), occurrence of complications/adverse effects (OR:4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.0), and high family income (OR:7.1; 95%CI:1.7-28.2). Conclusions: Our data support public health policies aimed at reducing the impact of CL and its treatment as well as the use of therapy with fewer adverse effects.

Enucleação de cisto residual e regeneração óssea guiada com enxerto sintético a base de fosfato de cálcio bifásico e hidroxiopatita: relato de caso clínico / Enucleation of residual cyst and guided bone regeneration with synthetic graft based on biphasic calcium phosphate and hydroxyopathite: clinical case report / Enuclación de quistes residuales y regeneración ósea guiada con injerto de sintético a base de fosfato de calcio bifásico e hidroxiopato: reporte de caso clínico

Os cistos residuais são definidos como cistos inflamatórios, revestidos por epitélio e em seu interior apresentam um conteúdo semifluido ou fluido, que em sua dominância ocorrem na maxila. Em geral não apresentam sintomas e se não tratado corretamente pode ocasionar uma reabsorção óssea e enfraquecimento da maxila ou mandíbula. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, que compareceu a Clinica Odontológica relatando um cisto na região dos incisivos centrais superiores. No exame clinico, notou-se um aumento de volume na porção vestibular do processo alveolar, sendo sua consistência macia e sintomatologia dolorosa a palpação. Portanto, optou-se por sua enucleação cirúrgica da lesão, seguida de uma minuciosa descontaminação mecanica e quimica, seguida de regeneração óssea guiada utilizando um enxerto ósseo sintético a base de fosfato de cálcio e hidroxiapatia sendo seu diagnóstico confirmado através de exame histopatológico. Contudo neste relato pode-se observar que a enucleação do cisto residual seguida por uma boa descontaminação mecanica e quimica, associado a regeneração óssea guiada se mostrou eficaz no tratamento deste caso, não ocorrendo recidivas no periodo de acompanhamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cistos Residuais; Cistos Odontogênicos; Biópsia; Regeneração Óssea Guiada; Enxerto Ósseo.

Residual cysts are defined as inflammatory cysts, covered by epithelium and in their interior they have a semi-fluid or fluid content, which in their dominance occur in the maxilla. In general, they do not have symptoms and if not treated correctly, it can cause bone resorption and weakening of the maxilla or mandible. The main objective of this work is to report the case of a female patient, who attended the Dental Clinic reporting a cyst in the region of the upper central incisors. On clinical examination, an increase in volume was noted in the vestibular portion of the alveolar process, with a soft consistency and painful symptoms on palpation. Therefore, we opted for its surgical enucleation of the lesion, followed by a thorough mechanical and chemical decontamination, followed by guided bone regeneration using a synthetic bone graft based on calcium phosphate and hydroxyapathy, the diagnosis being confirmed through histopathological examination. However, in this report, it can be seen that the enucleation of the residual cyst followed by good mechanical and chemical decontamination, associated with guided bone regeneration, proved to be effective in the treatment of this case, with no recurrences occurring during the follow-up period.

Los quistes residuales se definen como quistes inflamatorios, recubiertos por epitelio y en su interior tienen un contenido semilíquido o líquido, que en su predominio se presentan en el maxilar. Por lo general, no presentan síntomas y si no se tratan correctamente, pueden causar reabsorción ósea y debilitamiento del maxilar o la mandíbula. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reportar el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino, que acudió a la Clínica Odontológica por presentar un quiste en la región de los incisivos centrales superiores. Al examen clínico se aprecia aumento de volumen en la porción vestibular del proceso alveolar, de consistencia blanda y sintomatología dolorosa a la palpación. Por ello, se optó por su enucleación quirúrgica de la lesión, seguida de una exhaustiva descontaminación mecánica y química, seguida de regeneración ósea guiada mediante injerto óseo sintético a base de fosfato cálcico e hidroxiapatía, confirmándose el diagnóstico mediante examen histopatológico. Sin embargo, en este reporte se puede ver que la enucleación del quiste residual seguida de una buena descontaminación mecánica y química, asociada a la regeneración ósea guiada, demostró ser eficaz en el tratamiento de este caso, sin que se presentaran recurrencias durante el seguimiento período de subida.

Integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil: document review of a national campaign in light of WHO recommendations / Control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil: revisión documental de una campaña nacional a la luz de las recomendaciones de la OMS / Controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil: revisão documental de uma campanha nacional considerando as recomendações da OMS

ABSTRACT Objective. To describe the results of a national campaign aimed at the integrated control of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil in light of the World Health Organization (WHO) official documentation related to the integration of strategies for the prevention, control, and elimination or eradication of neglected tropical diseases. Methods. A document review that included official WHO documents published between 2007 and 2020 and campaign results extracted from the official technical report produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Results. The integrated control of neglected tropical diseases was gradually incorporated in the WHO documentation over time. Preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration, intensified case management, and integrated vector management were extensively recommended as strategies for integrated control. The Brazilian campaign was carried out in four iterations between 2013 and 2017. Children aged 5 to 14 years enrolled in municipal public schools nationwide were targeted. In summary, a total of 1 074 and 73 522 new cases of leprosy and trachoma, respectively, were detected. Nearly 18 million doses of preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiasis were administered. More than 700 cases of schistosomiasis were diagnosed and treated. Conclusions. The integrated strategies implemented in Brazil throughout the campaign generated results aligned with the WHO recommendations for the control of neglected tropical diseases, especially those regarding mass drug administration, active case detection, and intensified case management. Therefore, the continuity of the campaign with adequate evaluation tools must be encouraged as a constant public health policy in the Brazilian government agenda.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Describir los resultados de una campaña nacional dirigida al control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas en Brasil, a la luz de la documentación oficial de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) relacionada con la integración de estrategias para la prevención, el control y la eliminación o erradicación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Métodos. Revisión documental que comprendió documentos oficiales de la OMS publicados entre el 2007 y el 2020, así como los resultados de las campañas, extraídos del informe técnico oficial elaborado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Resultados. Con el tiempo, la OMS ha ido incorporando gradualmente en sus documentos el concepto de control integrado de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas. Tanto los tratamientos quimioprofilácticos mediante la administración masiva de medicamentos como la intensificación del tratamiento de los casos y el control integrado de vectores han sido recomendados ampliamente como estrategias para el control integrado. En Brasil, la campaña se llevó a cabo en cuatro ediciones, realizadas entre el 2013 y el 2017. Las actividades estuvieron dirigidas a la población escolar de entre 5 y 14 años de las escuelas públicas municipales de todo el país. En resumen, se detectaron 1 074 y 73 522 casos nuevos de lepra y tracoma, respectivamente; se administraron casi 18 millones de dosis de tratamiento quimioprofiláctico contra las geohelmintiasis; y se diagnosticaron y trataron más de 700 casos de esquistosomiasis. Conclusiones. Las estrategias integradas aplicadas en Brasil en el transcurso de la campaña permitieron obtener resultados acordes con las recomendaciones de la OMS para el control de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas, especialmente en lo relativo a la administración masiva de medicamentos, la búsqueda activa de casos y la intensificación de su tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es necesario fomentar la continuidad de la campaña con herramientas de evaluación adecuadas, como una política constante en materia de salud pública dentro de la agenda del Gobierno de Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo. Descrever os resultados de uma campanha nacional voltada ao controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas no Brasil considerando os documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) que tratam da integração de estratégias para a prevenção, o controle e a eliminação ou erradicação de doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Métodos. Realizou-se uma revisão documental que incluiu documentos oficiais da OMS publicados entre 2007 e 2020 e resultados de campanhas extraídos do relatório técnico oficial produzido pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Resultados. O controle integrado de doenças tropicais negligenciadas foi gradualmente incorporado à documentação da OMS ao longo do tempo. A quimioterapia preventiva por meio da administração em massa de medicamentos, a intensificação da gestão de casos e o manejo integrado de vetores foram amplamente recomendados como estratégias para o controle integrado. A campanha brasileira foi realizada em quatro iterações entre 2013 e 2017. O público-alvo foram crianças de 5 a 14 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas municipais de todo o país. Em resumo, foi detectado um total de 1 074 e 73 522 novos casos de hanseníase e tracoma, respectivamente. Foram administradas cerca de 18 milhões de doses de quimioterapia preventiva para helmintíase transmitida pelo solo. Mais de 700 casos de esquistossomose foram diagnosticados e tratados. Conclusões. As estratégias integradas implementadas no Brasil ao longo da campanha geraram resultados alinhados com as recomendações da OMS para o controle de doenças tropicais negligenciadas, especialmente aquelas relativas à administração em massa de medicamentos, à detecção ativa de casos e à intensificação da gestão de casos. Portanto, a continuidade da campanha com ferramentas de avaliação adequadas deve ser incentivada como uma política de saúde pública constante na agenda do governo brasileiro.