ABSTRACT
The global population is undergoing rapid aging, making physical activity a crucial element in preventing mortality and lowering the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Age-related declines in muscle mass and cognitive abilities significantly contribute to frailty and dependency. Thus, this study focuses on a meticulous analysis of the protective effects of multidomain interventions, an emerging resource combating age-related declines. It seeks to underscore their profound impact on cognitive flexibility and sarcopenia, highlighting their pivotal role in mitigating the adverse effects of aging. To identify relevant randomized controlled trials up to November 2023, we reviewed eight online academic databases, following PERSiST guidelines, PRISMA reporting system, and PICOs criteria. Meta-analyses on selected functional outcomes utilized a random-effects model, including the Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to Stand Test, Victoria Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. Out of 2082 scrutinized articles, 17 were included in the systematic review, and 8 in the meta-analysis. Positive effects (p = 0.05, I2 = 57%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05) were observed in cognitive flexibility for certain interventions. Similarly, interventions addressing muscle strength demonstrated improvements in the Sit to Stand Test for the exercise group compared to the control group (p = 0.02, I2 = 0%; 95% CI - 0.63 to - 0.05). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating physical activity as a primary component of public health interventions for promoting healthy aging and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. Future interventions may explore more homogeneous approaches and evaluate the impact of thrice multidomain weekly sessions.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Healthy Aging , Sarcopenia , Aged , Humans , Cognition/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Healthy Aging/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Sarcopenia/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to describe anthropometric and physical characteristics of elite young road-race motorcyclists (MC). 27 riders (15.6±1.1 years, 54.6±6.9 kg, 166.9±6.7 cm) competing at international elite level participated in this study. Anthropometric variables, hand grip and lumbar isometric strength, and lower-body muscular strength were measured. Comparisons of the MC and a reference group of Spanish physically active adolescents (16.0±0.6 years) showed that the riders were significantly lighter (-12.5 kg), and smaller (-4.7 cm). Riders also had significantly lower values for almost all skinfolds, and for all the measured girths (except forearm) than the reference group. Motorcyclists showed significantly less percent body fat (%BF) and higher muscle mass, and differences were observed for somatotype components compared to the reference group, except for the ectomorphy. Somatotype could be defined as mesomorphic-ectomorph (2.5-4.4-3.7). Mean (±SD) values of all riders were 34.8±5.0 cm for vertical jump height, 402.1±74.5 N for the right hand and 370.7±77.5 N for the left hand strengths, and 120.6±19.3 kg for lumbar isometric strength, respectively. Results demonstrate that MC are small and light, with lower body mass index, skinfolds, girth and breadth dimensions, and %BF than a reference group and other athletes, with high values of hand grip and lumbar isometric strength.
Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue , Athletes , Motorcycles , Muscle Strength/physiology , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Body Mass Index , Humans , Male , Somatotypes , SpainABSTRACT
Se ha realizado una investigación sobre los hábitos de vida en relación con la salud, concretamente sobre el consumo de alcohol y su relación con la frecuencia (la práctica de actividad física en edad escolar, siendo el principal objetivo conocer el consumo de alcohol al finalizar los estudios de ambos niveles educativos, y cómo incide la práctica físico-deportiva en dicho consumo.Se ha empleado el cuestionario como técnica de análisis. Para su validación se han realizado dos estudios piloto dobles, con las respuestas a un primer y segundo cuestionario readaptado, por medio de un grupo control en dos niveles educativos diferentes (tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria y segundo ciclo de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria).Los resultados del estudio confirman un claro aumento del consumo de alcohol con la edad sin existir diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexos. Por otra parte, el hábito de practicar actividad física frecuentemente en el joven favorece la abstención en el consumo de alcohol los fines de semana, mientras el sedentarismo juvenil favorece la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas (AU)