Psychological distress, health-promoting lifestyle and sociodemographic factors in Honduran university students: a structural equation model.

This study sought to analyze an explanatory model on the relationship among sociodemographic factors, health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in college students. This is an observational, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on a national sample of 4203 students who entered a macro university in Honduras in 2021, 2022 and 2023. We used a sociodemographic survey, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP-II) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21). Univariate analysis and a multivariate structural equation model were conducted. The average HPLP-II score was 117.45 (±â€…23.41), and the average DASS-21 score was 20.06 (±â€…14.16). The multivariate model showed a good data fit (comparative fit index = 0.951; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.957; root mean square error of approximation = 0.067 [90% CI = 0.067-0.068]). Results indicate that being a woman (ß = 0.11; p < 0.001) and being enrolled in biological and health sciences (ß = 0.09; p < 0.001) significantly predict HPLP-II scores. Furthermore, being a woman (ß = 0.17; p < 0.001), age (ß = 0.10; p < 0.001) and having pre-existing medical conditions (ß = 0.16; p < 0.001) significantly explain part of the variance of DASS-21. A significant reverse relationship between health-promoting behavior and psychological distress was shown (r = -0.36; p < 0.001). This study identifies protective and risky sociodemographic factors linked to health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological distress. Our findings have implications for developing comprehensive intervention policies and strategies to promote health in higher education settings.

Pain Predictors in Patients in the Postanesthesia Care Unit.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of pain-predicting factors on patients in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DESIGN: This is an observational and prospective study. METHODS: This study was conducted at a University Hospital in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). To collect data on demographic, clinical, and surgical factors, a collection instrument was devised. The verbal numerical scale was employed to measure pain levels before and after surgery in the PACU. A path analysis was used to assess a predictive model. FINDINGS: A total of 226 patients were included in this study. The incidence of pain in the PACU was 31.9%. A model with demographic, clinical, and surgical variables was tested. The final model, after including modification indices, obtained results that indicated an acceptable data fit (comparative fit index = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation = 0.08). Age (being young), sex (being a woman), oncological diagnosis as an indication for the surgical procedure, type of surgery (surgery of the digestive system), duration of surgery (longer surgeries), and high intraoperative doses of opioids were predictive variables for pain in the PACU. CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings provide support for pain management in the PACU. Furthermore, the results of this research can be used to anticipate the occurrence of acute postoperative pain and personalized perioperative analgesia needs.

Testing the invariance of the metacognitive monitoring test / Investigando a invariância do teste de monitoramento metacognitivo / Investigando la invarianza de la prueba de monitoreo metacognitivo

Metacognition is predominantly measured by the self-report and think-aloud methods. This is problematic since they produce considerable both respondent and confirmatory biases, which implies damage to the measurement. The Metacognitive Monitoring Test (MMT) was created to evaluate metacognition through performance and eliminate the aforementioned biases. There is evidence of MMT convergent, divergent, structural, predictive and incremental validity. This article expands the validity studies about the MMT by analyzing the configural, metric and scalar invariance of MMT across sex, nationality, and educational level variables. The sample is composed of Brazilian and Honduran subjects, as well as 6st to 12st grades and higher education students. Results indicate configural, metric and scalar invariance for the sex variable, as well as configural invariance and metric and scalar partial invariance for nationality and educational level. It is concluded that the MMT allows comparing means of the latent variable measured in the analyzed groups. (AU)

Há uma hegemonia dos métodos de autorrelato e thinkaloud para avaliar metacognição. Isso é problemático, pois eles geram substanciais vieses do respondente e confirmatório, trazendo prejuízo à medida. O Teste de Monitoramento Metacognitivo (TMC) foi criado para avaliar a metacognição mediante o desempenho e eliminar os vieses supramencionados. Há evidências de validade convergente, divergente, estrutural, preditiva e incremental do TMC. Este artigo amplia os estudos de validade e analisa a invariância configural, métrica e escalar do TMC, em relação ao sexo, nacionalidade, e nível educacional. A amostra do estudo é composta por brasileiros e hondurenhos, e estudantes da 6ª à 12ª séries da educação básicae ensino superior. Os resultados indicam invariância configural, métrica e escalar para a variável sexo, assim como invariância configural e invariância parcial métrica e escalar para nacionalidade e nível educacional. Conclui-se que o TMC permite comparar médias da variável latente mensurada nos grupos analisados. (AU)

Hay un predominio de métodos de auto-reporte e think aloud para evaluar la metacognición. Esto es problemático, ya que dichos métodos producen un considerable sesgo de respuesta y confirmación, lo que implica un perjuicio en la medición. La Prueba de Monitoreo Metacognitivo (PMM) fue diseñada para evaluar la metacognición por medio del desempeño y eliminar los sesgos mencionados anteriormente. Hay evidencia de validez convergente, divergente, estructural, predictiva e incremental de la PMM. Este artículo amplía los estudios de validez sobre la PMM, analizando la invarianza configural, métrica y escalar de la PMM con respecto a las variables sexo, nacionalidad y nivel educativo. La muestra del estudio está formada por brasileños y hondureños, y estudiantes de 6º a 12º grado de educación básica y educación superior. Los resultados indican invarianza configural, métrica y escalar para la variable sexo así como invarianza configural e invarianza parcial escalar y métrica para nacionalidad y nivel educativo. Se concluye que la PMM permite comparar medias de la variable latente medida en los grupos analizados. (AU)