Reductions in rearfoot eversion posture due to proximal muscle strengthening are dependent on foot-ankle varus alignment.

BACKGROUND: Strengthening the hip and trunk muscles may decrease foot pronation in upright standing due to expected increases in hip passive torque and lower-limb external rotation. However, considering the increased pronation caused by a more varus foot-ankle alignment, subjects with more varus may experience smaller or no postural changes after strengthening. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hip and trunk muscle strengthening on lower-limb posture during upright standing and hip passive torque of women with more and less varus alignment. METHODS: This nonrandomized controlled experimental study included 50 young, able-bodied women. The intervention group (n = 25) performed hip and trunk muscle strengthening exercises, and the control group (n = 25) maintained their usual activities. Each group was split into two subgroups: those with more and less varus alignment. Hip, shank, and rearfoot-ankle posture and hip passive external rotation torque were evaluated. Mixed analyses of variance and preplanned contrasts were used to assess prepost changes and between-group differences (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The less-varus subgroup of the intervention group had a reduced rearfoot eversion posture (P = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in the less-varus subgroup of the control group (P = 0.31). There were no significant differences in posture between the control and intervention groups when varus was not considered (P ≥ 0.06). The intervention group had increased hip passive torque (P = 0.001) compared to the control group, independent of varus alignment. CONCLUSION: Despite the increases in hip passive torque, the rearfoot eversion posture was reduced only in women with a less-varus alignment. Having more foot-ankle varus may prevent eversion reductions.

Anti-COVID-19, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Osteoarthritis Activities of Sesamin from Sesamum indicum L.

During the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak, many people were infected, and the symptoms may persist for several weeks or months for recovering patients. This is also known as "long COVID" and includes symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, muscle pain, et cetera. The COVID-19 virus may trigger hyper-inflammation associated with cytokine levels in the body. COVID-19 can trigger inflammation in the joints, which can lead to osteoarthritis (OA), while long-term COVID-19 symptoms may lead to joint damage and other inflammation problems. According to several studies, sesame has potent anti-inflammatory properties due to its major constituent, sesamin. This study examined sesamin's anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoarthritis, and anti-COVID-19 effects. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro assays were used to determine sesamin's anti-inflammatory activity against the RAW264.7 and SW1353 cell lines. Sesamin had a dose-dependent effect (20 mg/kg) in a monoiodoacetic acid (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. Sesamin reduced paw swelling and joint discomfort. In addition, the findings indicated that sesamin suppressed the expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in the RAW264.7 cell line within the concentration range of 6.25-50 µM. Furthermore, sesamin also had a suppressive effect on MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) expression in chondrocytes and the SW1353 cell line within the same concentration range of 6.25-50 µM. To examine the anti-viral activity, an in silico analysis was performed to evaluate sesamin's binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) and human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Compared to the controls, sesamin exhibited strong binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and human ACE2. Furthermore, sesamin had a higher binding affinity for the ACE2 target protein. This study suggests that sesamin shows potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for drug development.

PDZ scaffolds regulate extracellular vesicle production, composition, and uptake.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-limited organelles mediating cell-to-cell communication in health and disease. EVs are of high medical interest, but their rational use for diagnostics or therapies is restricted by our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing EV biology. Here, we tested whether PDZ proteins, molecular scaffolds that support the formation, transport, and function of signal transduction complexes and that coevolved with multicellularity, may represent important EV regulators. We reveal that the PDZ proteome (ca. 150 proteins in human) establishes a discrete number of direct interactions with the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81, well-known EV constituents. Strikingly, PDZ proteins interact more extensively with syndecans (SDCs), ubiquitous membrane proteins for which we previously demonstrated an important role in EV biogenesis, loading, and turnover. Nine PDZ proteins were tested in loss-of-function studies. We document that these PDZ proteins regulate both tetraspanins and SDCs, differentially affecting their steady-state levels, subcellular localizations, metabolism, endosomal budding, and accumulations in EVs. Importantly, we also show that PDZ proteins control the levels of heparan sulfate at the cell surface that functions in EV capture. In conclusion, our study establishes that the extensive networking of SDCs, tetraspanins, and PDZ proteins contributes to EV heterogeneity and turnover, highlighting an important piece of the molecular framework governing intracellular trafficking and intercellular communication.

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Effects of Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Flower Extracts.

Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. flowers (OF-F) have been traditionally consumed as a functional food and utilized as folk medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of OF-F extracts on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and determined possible protein-ligand interactions of its compounds in silico. The crude OF-F extracts-water (W) and ethanol (E) were tested for phytochemical screening, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. Network and molecular docking analyses of chemical markers were executed to establish their application for anticancer drug development. OF-F-E possessed higher total polyphenols (233.360 ± 3.613 g/kg) and tannin (93.350 ± 1.003 g/kg) contents than OF-F-W. In addition, OF-F-E extract demonstrated effective DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.173 ± 0.004 kg/L) and contained a high FRAP value (830.620 ± 6.843 g Trolox/kg). In cell culture experiments, OF-F-E significantly reduced NO levels and inhibited cell proliferation of RAW-264.7 and DU-145 cell lines, respectively. Network analysis revealed O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites could affect thirteen molecular functions and thirteen biological processes in four cellular components. These metabolites inhibited key proteins of DU-145 prostate cancer using molecular docking with rutin owning the highest binding affinity with PIKR31 and AR. Hence, this study offered a new rationale for O. fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. metabolites as a medicinal herb for anticancer drug development.

In Silico Neuroprotective Effects of Specific Rheum palmatum Metabolites on Parkinson's Disease Targets.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the large-scale health issues detrimental to human quality of life, and current treatments are only focused on neuroprotection and easing symptoms. This study evaluated in silico binding activity and estimated the stability of major metabolites in the roots of R. palmatum (RP) with main protein targets in Parkinson's disease and their ADMET properties. The major metabolites of RP were subjected to molecular docking and QSAR with α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase isoform B, catechol o-methyltransferase, and A2A adenosine receptor. From this, emodin had the greatest binding activity with Parkinson's disease targets. The chemical stability of the selected compounds was estimated using density functional theory analyses. The docked compounds showed good stability for inhibitory action compared to dopamine and levodopa. According to their structure-activity relationship, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, and rhein exhibited good inhibitory activity to specific targets. Finally, mediocre pharmacokinetic properties were observed due to unexceptional blood-brain barrier penetration and safety profile. It was revealed that the major metabolites of RP may have good neuroprotective activity as an additional hit for PD drug development. Also, an association between redox-mediating and activities with PD-relevant protein targets was observed, potentially opening discussion on electrochemical mechanisms with biological functions.

The Human PDZome 2.0: Characterization of a New Resource to Test for PDZ Interactions by Yeast Two-Hybrid.

PSD95-disc large-zonula occludens (PDZ) domains are globular modules of 80-90 amino acids that co-evolved with multicellularity. They commonly bind to carboxy-terminal sequences of a plethora of membrane-associated proteins and influence their trafficking and signaling. We previously built a PDZ resource (PDZome) allowing us to unveil human PDZ interactions by Yeast two-hybrid. Yet, this resource is incomplete according to the current knowledge on the human PDZ proteome. Here we built the PDZome 2.0 library for Yeast two-hybrid, based on a PDZ library manually curated from online resources. The PDZome2.0 contains 305 individual clones (266 PDZ domains in isolation and 39 tandems), for which all boundaries were designed based on available PDZ structures. Using as bait the E6 oncoprotein from HPV16, a known promiscuous PDZ interactor, we show that PDZome 2.0 outperforms the previous resource.

An In Vitro Evaluation and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Prospective Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity from Perilla frutescens.

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. is extensively cultivated in East Asia as a dietary vegetable, and nutraceuticals are reportedly rich in bioactive compounds, especially with anticancer activities. This study explored the in vitro cytotoxic effects of P. frutescens parts' (stems, leaves, and seeds) extracts on prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and possible interactions of putative metabolites to related prostate cancer targets in silico. The ethanol extract of P. frutescens leaves was the most cytotoxic for the prostate cancer cells. From high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, rosmarinic acid was identified as the major metabolite in the leaf extracts. Network analysis revealed interactions from multiple affected targets and pathways of the metabolites. From gene ontology enrichment analysis, P. frutescens leaf metabolites could significantly affect 14 molecular functions and 12 biological processes in five cellular components. Four (4) KEGG pathways, including for prostate cancer, and six (6) Reactome pathways were shown to be significantly affected. The molecular simulation confirmed the interactions of relevant protein targets with key metabolites, including rosmarinic acid. This study could potentially lead to further exploration of P. frutescens leaves or their metabolites for prostate cancer treatment and prevention.

Dissection of the autophagic route in oocytes from atretic follicles.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Autophagy is a conserved process that functions as a cytoprotective mechanism; it may function as a cell death process called programmed cell death type II. There is considerable evidence for the presence of autophagic cell death during oocyte elimination in prepubertal rats. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been deciphered. RESULTS: Our observations revealed autophagic cell death in oocytes with increased labeling of the autophagic proteins Beclin 1, light chain 3 A (LC3 A), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1). Furthermore, mTOR and phosphorylated (p)-mTOR (S2448) proteins were significantly decreased in oocytes with increased levels of autophagic proteins, indicating autophagic activation. Moreover, phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was not expressed by oocytes, but mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling was observed. Additionally, selective and elevated mitochondrial degradation was identified in altered oocytes. CONCLUSIONS: All these results suggest that mTOR downregulation, which promotes autophagy, could be mediated by low energy levels and sustained starvation involving the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we analyzed the manner in which autophagy is carried out in oocytes undergoing autophagic cell death by studying the behavior of proteins involved in different steps of the autophagic pathway.

Enfermagem empreendedora: novos campos de atuação / Entrepreneurial nursing: new fields of action / Entrepreneurial nursing: new fields of action

Introdução: A enfermagem empreendedora é marcante pelo crescimento da profissão para com a tecnologia, ciência e inovação dentro dos vários campos de atuação que a saúde proporciona, alcançando assim, outros patamares para a evolução profissional dos enfermeiros. Objetivo: Identificar novos campos de atuação do enfermeiro empreendedor. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório do tipo bola de neve com abordagem qualitativa por meio da aplicação de questionário do Google Forms on-line, realizado com enfermeiros empreendedores. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Entre os entrevistados foi identificado que 88,2% eram do sexo feminino, com idade entre 24 e 49 anos, sendo a faixa etária de 26 anos predominante (23,5%), de diversos estados do Brasil, se destacando maior porcentagem no Maranhão (47,06%). As áreas de atuação que mais se destacaram entre os entrevistados foram: Pesquisa Científica: consultoria e assessoria, estomaterapia, enfermagem estética e a produção de conteúdo educativos e preparatórios pra concursos de enfermagem, sendo os principais desafios relatados como a falta de recursos financeiros para investir e a captação de clientes no início. Como características que o destaca e o diferencia dos outros profissionais, predominou-se boa comunicação, entender o que seu cliente necessita, ser persistente e ético. Os entrevistados também verbalizaram a importância de se empreender na enfermagem, visto que ela tem se destacado muito atualmente, gerando mais renda e satisfação profissional. Conclusão: as áreas de crescimento da enfermagem empreendedora são amplas e abrangem diferentes áreas de atuação, possibilitando mais oportunidades de emprego e sucesso na carreira.

Introduction: Entrepreneurial nursing is remarkable for the growth of the profession towards technology, science and innovation within the various fields of action that health provides, thus reaching other levels for the professional evolution of nurses. Objective: To identify new fields of action for entrepreneurial nurses. Methodology: This is a descriptive, exploratory snowball study with a qualitative approach through the ap- plication of an online Google Forms questionnaire, carried out with entrepreneurial nurses. Data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis technique. Results: Among the interviewees, it was identified that 88.2% were female, aged between 24 and 49 years, with the predominant age group of 26 years (23.5%), from several states of Brazil, high- lighting the highest percentage in Maranhão (47.06%). The areas of activity that most stood out among the interviewees were: Scientific Research: consultancy and assistance, stomatherapy, aesthetic nursing and the production of educational and preparatory con- tent for nursing contests, with the main challenges reported as the lack of financial re- sources to invest and attracting customers early on. As characteristics that highlight and differentiate him from other professionals, good communication prevailed, understanding what his client needs, being persistent and ethical. The interviewees also verbalized the importance of undertaking nursing, as it has stood out a lot nowadays, generating more income and professional satisfaction. Conclusion: the growth areas of entrepreneurial nursing are wide and cover different areas of activity, providing more job opportunities and career success.

Introducción: La enfermería emprendedora se destaca por el crecimiento de la profesión hacia la tecnología, la ciencia y la innovación dentro de los diversos campos de acción que brinda la salud, alcanzando así otros niveles para la evolución profesional de las enfermeras. Objetivo: Identificar nuevos campos de acción para enfermeros em- prendedores. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio tipo bola de nieve con abordaje cualitativo mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea Google Forms, realizado con enfermeros emprendedores. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Entre los entrevistados, se identi- ficó que el 88,2% eran del sexo femenino, con edad entre 24 y 49 años, con predominio de la franja etaria de 26 años (23,5%), de varios estados de Brasil, destacándose el mayor porcentaje en Maranhão (47,06% ). Las áreas de actividad que más se destacaron entre los entrevistados fueron: Investigación Científica: consultoría y asistencia, estomaterapia, enfermería estética y producción de contenidos educativos y preparatorios para concursos de enfermería, siendo los principales desafíos relatados la falta de recursos económicos para invertir y atraer clientes desde el principio. Como características que lo destacan y lo diferencian de otros profesionales, prevaleció la buena comunicación, entender lo que su cliente necesita, ser persistente y ético. Los entrevistados también verbalizaron la im- portancia de ejercer la enfermería, ya que se ha destacado mucho en la actualidad, gene- rando más ingresos y satisfacción profesional. Conclusión: las áreas de crecimiento de la enfermería emprendedora son amplias y abarcan diferentes áreas de actividad, proporci- onando más oportunidades de trabajo y éxito profesional.

Transcriptional activity and splicing factors are preserved during physiological apoptosis.

Apoptosis is the best-known programmed cell death that maintains tissue homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. The morphological characteristics include nuclear and cytoplasmic contraction and cytoplasmic blebbing, its biochemical hallmarks include caspase protease activity and DNA fragmentation. In rat ovaries, cell death is a normal process that occurs throughout the organism's life. Granulosa cells, the more abundant cell type forming the ovarian follicles, are eliminated via different routes of cell death. Most granulosa cells are eliminated through apoptotic cell death. In this work, we analyzed the behavior of nuclear components throughout the apoptotic process and determined how they are regionalized and conserved during follicular atresia in rat ovaries. Apoptosis was detected based on caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL technique. We identified the transcription markers H3ac and RNA Pol II, and splicing factor SC35 by immunodetection. The nucleolar components were analyzed via light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy through immunodetection of the proteins nucleolin and nucleophosmin-1. The nuclear ultrastructure was analyzed using standard contrast and preferential ribonucleoprotein contrast. Our results demonstrate that during the progression of apoptosis, chromatin is remodeled to constitute apoptotic bodies; transcription and spliceosome elements are reorganized along with the nucleolar components. Additionally, the splicing and transcription factors are segregated into specific territories inside the apoptotic bodies, suggesting that transcriptional elements are reorganized during the apoptotic process. Our results indicate that apoptotic bodies not only are compacted, and chromatin degraded but all the nuclear components are progressively reorganized during cell elimination; moreover, the transcriptional components are preserved.

Fatores associados a candidíase vaginal em gestantes: O que exibem as publicações / Factores asociados a la candidiasis vaginal en mujeres embarazadas: Lo que muestran las publicaciones / Factors associated with vaginal canediasis in pregnant women: What the publications exhibit

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados a candidíase vaginal em gestantes. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizado na PubMed. Utilizou-se os descritores: "pregnant women", pregnancy, candidiasis, "candidiasis, vulvovaginal". Foram selecionados ao final 07 estudos e o período de busca aconteceu entre os meses de novembro a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: a candidíase vulvovaginal teve uma média da prevalência geral de candidíase foi de 51,71% dos casos mencionados nos estudos. Dentre as manifestações clínicas da candidíase, destaca-se o corrimento alterado, prurido intenso, disúria, irritação ou queimação e dor pélvica Conclusão: A Candida albicans foi a cepa de levedura mais frequentemente identificada, mas, outras espécies também foram descritas, como a C. krusei, C.glabrata, Candida parapsilosis e C. tropicalis. A candidiasé não é letal, mas os sintomas podem definir o diagnóstico clínico da candidíase, na gestação o diagnóstico precoce norteia o tratamento eficiente e contribui para a melhora do prognóstico da gestante.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women. Method: This is an integrative literature review carried out at PubMed. The descriptors were used: "pregnant women", pregnancy, candidiasis, "candidiasis, vulvovaginal". At the end, 07 studies were selected and the search period took place between the months of November and December 2021. Results: vulvovaginal candidiasis had an average general prevalence of candidiasis of 51.71% of the cases mentioned in the studies. Among the clinical manifestations of candidiasis, there is an altered discharge, intense itching, dysuria, irritation or burning and pelvic pain. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the most frequently identified yeast strain, but other species were also described, such as C krusei, C. glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Candidiasis is not lethal, but the symptoms can define the clinical diagnosis of candidiasis, in pregnancy, early diagnosis guides efficient treatment and contributes to improving the prognosis of the pregnant woman.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la candidiasis vaginal en gestantes. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en PubMed. Fueron utilizados los descriptores: "embarazadas", embarazo, candidiasis, "candidiasis, vulvovaginal", al final fueron seleccionados 07 estudios. Resultados: la candidiasis vulvovaginal tuvo una prevalencia general promedio de candidiasis del 51,71% de los casos mencionados en los estudios. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas de la candidiasis se encuentran secreción alterada, prurito intenso, disuria, irritación o ardor y dolor pélvico. Conclusión: Candida albicans fue la cepa de levadura más frecuentemente identificada, pero también se han descrito otras especies, como C. krusei, C. glabrata, Candida parapsilosis y C. tropicalis. Se infiere que la VVC no es letal, pero los síntomas pueden definir el diagnóstico clínico de candidiasis, en el embarazo, el diagnóstico precoz orienta un tratamiento eficaz y contribuye a mejorar el pronósticode la gestante.(AU)

Preoperative axillary ultrasonography in patients with breast cancer: a prospective study to evaluate its ability to predict axillary tumor load.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the ability of axillary ultrasonography to predict the number of lymph nodes with metastases found in sentinel node axillary surgery or axillary lymph node resection in patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer after percutaneous biopsy. METHODS: This prospective study included patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer by percutaneous biopsy. Axillary lymph nodes were classified at ultrasound examination as suspicious or not suspicious, and the number of suspicious nodes was compared with the number classified as suspicious in the surgical specimen. RESULTS: We included 142 patients, 4 of whom had bilateral cancer; 133 of the 146 tumors were clinically classified as T1-T2 N0. The median number of suspicious lymph nodes at ultrasound was 2 (1-6), and the median number of suspicious lymph nodes in the surgical biopsy specimen was 1 (1-16); the difference was not significant (p = 0.1). The correlation between the number of positive lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical specimen was 72.7% p = 0.0002 and the concordance was 79% (95%CI 62.4%-95.6%) p = 0.0001. For diagnosing high axillary tumor load (≥3 metastatic lymph nodes) versus low axillary tumor load (<3 metastatic lymph nodes), axillary ultrasound had 86.6% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 92% PPV, and 71.4% NPV. CONCLUSION: Our results show that preoperative axillary ultrasound can differentiate between low and high tumor load and can be used as a tool to select the type of treatment. These results need to be confirmed in randomized multicenter studies.

Dibromo-BODIPY as an Organic Photocatalyst for Radical-Ionic Sequences.

A new dibrominated 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) is reported as a new metal-free photocatalyst. This BODIPY showed similar optoelectronic, electrochemical, and performance properties to those of Ru(bpy)3Cl2, one of the most common photocatalysts in a known radical-ionic transformation, such as the formation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Moreover, additional sequences in which the generated oxonium ion is trapped by an internal nucleophile were developed using this BODIPY photocatalyst. These new sequences allowed the straightforward preparation of γ-alkoxylactones, monoprotected 1,4-ketoaldehydes, and dihydrofurans. This new catalyst, the methodology, and the forged functional groups could be important tools in organic synthesis.

Preoperative axillary ultrasonography in patients with breast cancer: a prospective study to evaluate its ability to predict axillary tumor load. / Ecografía axilar prequirúrgica en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Estudio prospectivo para valorar la capacidad de predecir la carga tumoral axilar.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the ability of axillary ultrasonography to predict the number of lymph nodes with metastases found in sentinel node axillary surgery or axillary lymph node resection in patients recently diagnosed with breast cancer after percutaneous biopsy. METHODS: This prospective study included patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer by percutaneous biopsy. Axillary lymph nodes were classified at ultrasound examination as suspicious or not suspicious, and the number of suspicious nodes was compared with the number classified as suspicious in the surgical specimen. RESULTS: We included 142 patients, 4 of whom had bilateral cancer; 133 of the 146 tumors were clinically classified as T1-T2 N0. The median number of suspicious lymph nodes at ultrasound was 2 (1-6), and the median number of suspicious lymph nodes in the surgical biopsy specimen was 1 (1-16); the difference was not significant (p=0.1). The correlation between the number of positive lymph nodes on axillary ultrasound and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the surgical specimen was 72.7% p=0.0002 and the concordance was 79% (95%CI 62.4%-95.6%) p=0.0001. For diagnosing high axillary tumor load (≥3 metastatic lymph nodes) versus low axillary tumor load (<3 metastatic lymph nodes), axillary ultrasound had 86.6% sensitivity, 83.3% specificity, 92% PPV, and 71.4% NPV. CONCLUSION: Our results show that preoperative axillary ultrasound can differentiate between low and high tumor load and can be used as a tool to select the type of treatment. These results need to be confirmed in randomized multicenter studies.

Identification of PDZ Interactions by Yeast Two-Hybrid Technique.

The yeast two-hybrid technique is a powerful method to detect direct protein-protein interactions. Due to its accessibility, speed, and versatility, this technique is easy to set up in any laboratory and suitable for small and large scale screenings. Here we describe the implementation of an array-based screening that allows for the probing of the entire human PDZ ORFeome (or hPDZome) by yeast two-hybrid technique. With this approach, one can rapidly identify the PDZ domains that are able to interact (up to KD in the high µmolar range) with any candidate protein among a panel of 266 individual clones, thereby comprehensively identifying its PDZ interactome.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.-A Review.

The use of foodstuff as natural medicines has already been established through studies demonstrating the pharmacological activities that they exhibit. Knowing the nutritional and pharmacological significance of foods enables the understanding of their role against several diseases. Among the foods that can potentially be considered as medicine, is sesame or Sesamum indicum L., which is part of the Pedaliaceae family and is composed of its lignans such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol and sesamolin. Its lignans have been widely studied and are known to possess antiaging, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern chronic diseases, which can transform into clinical diseases, are potential targets of these lignans. The prime example of chronic diseases is rheumatic inflammatory diseases, which affect the support structures and the organs of the body and can also develop into malignancies. In line with this, studies emphasizing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of sesame have been discussed in this review.

Resultados de la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros por medio de la colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica en el, Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Seguro Social Enero 2016 a Diciembre del 2017 / Results of the complete extraction of choledocholithiasis greater than or equal to 15 millimeters by means of endoscopic petrograde cholangiopancreatography at the Social Security Medical Surgical Hospital January 2016 to December 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación se encuentra enfocado en determinar la proporción en la cual la colangiopancreatografía retrograda endoscópica (CPRE) realiza la extracción completa de coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros, en pacientes del Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, los objetivos son identificar características de la población, y factores que influyen en la Extracción completa de cálculos por medio de CPRE. Internacionalmente la coledocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 milímetros, representa una dificultad alta para su resolución por vía endoscópica, con estudios previos que reportan falla en extracción completa desde 34% (12) hasta 40 % (5) con necesidad de procedimientos quirúrgicos de alta complejidad, aumentando su morbimortalidad. La utilidad de la presente investigación será determinar el porcentaje de extracción completa de colédocolitiasis mayor o igual de 15 mm por medio de CPRE, con el fin de agilizar la resolución del cuadro; es decir proceder o no hacia un procedimiento quirúrgico. Para dicha investigación se tendrá el acceso a los libros de registro del área de endoscopia en donde se documenta cada procedimiento realizado y los cuadros clínicos de pacientes con coledocolitiasis mayor o igual a 15 mm en busca de factores que influyen en dicha patología.

Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence properties of A2B2 zinc porphyrins: the effect of π-extended conjugation.

The synthesis of two A2B2 porphyrins, {5,15-bis-[4-(octyloxy)phenyl]-porphyrinato}zinc(ii) () and {5,15-bis-(carbazol-3-yl-ethynyl)-10,20-bis-[4-(octyloxy)phenyl]-porphinato}-zinc(ii) (), is reported. Their photophysical properties were studied by steady-state absorption and emission. Substituting the carbazolylethynyl moieties at two of the meso positions results in a large bathochromic shift of all the absorption bands, a notable increase in the absorption coefficient of the Q(0,0) band, and higher fluorescence quantum yield compared to porphyrin , with two unsubstituted meso positions. Cyclic voltammetry and digital simulation show that electrogenerated radical ions of are more stable than those of . The lack of substituents at the meso positions of leads to dimerization reactions of the radical cation. Despite this, the annihilation reaction of and produces very similar electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) intensity. Spectroelectrochemical experiments demonstrate that the electroreduction of leads to a strong absorption band that might quench the ECL.

Análisis de las recidivas locorregionales por cáncer de mama / Analysis of locoregional relapses from breast cancer

Introducción: la recidiva locorregional, luego de una intervención quirúrgica por cáncer de mama, es una gran preocupación para el paciente y una frustración para el cirujano actuante. Objetivos: realizar un estudio descriptivo de las variables asociadas a la recurrencia tumoral, en 949 pacientes operadas. Métodos: se confeccionó una base de datos con las pacientes operadas desde 2005 hasta 2010, se identificaron las variables y análisis univariables y multivariables para determinar si existió asociación estadística. Resultados: se apreció que la incidencia fue de 4,4 por ciento. La intervención quirúrgica previa más frecuente fue la mastectomía radical modificada en 52,4 por ciento, y 26,2 por ciento de los casos que tenían metástasis ganglionares axilares en ese momento. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma ductal infiltrante, de alto grado de malignidad. La infiltración vascular y linfática estuvo presente en 42,8 por ciento. El tratamiento definitivo más empleado fue la exéresis de la recidiva más radioterapia. El análisis multivariables solo asoció la metástasis ganglionar con la reaparición de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la metástasis ganglionar axilar sigue siendo un factor de mal pronóstico en el seguimiento extenso de la paciente(AU)

Introduction: locoregional relapses after a breast cancer surgery is a big concern for the patient and a frustration to the performing surgeon. Objectives: to perform a descriptive study of the tumor recurrence-associated variables in 949 surgical patients. Methods: a database containing the data from operated patients in the period of 2005 through 2010 was made; the variables were identified and the univariate and multivariate analyses allowed determining the probable statistical association. Results: at was observed that the incidence of locoregional recurrence was 4.4 percent. The most common previous surgery was modified radical mastectomy in 52.4 percent and 26.2 percent of cases with axillary ganglionic metastasis at that time. The most frequent histological type was highly malignant infiltrating bile duct carcinoma. The vascular and lymphatic infiltration occurred in 42.8 percent of patients. The most used treatment was removal of recurrence plus radiotherapy. The multivariate analysis was associated only to ganglionic metastasis with the reappearance of disease. Conclusions: axillary ganglionic metastasis is still a factor indicating bad prognosis in the long follow-up of a patient(AU)

Análisis de las recidivas locorregionales por cáncer de mama / Analysis of locoregional relapses from breast cancer

Introducción: la recidiva locorregional, luego de una intervención quirúrgica por cáncer de mama, es una gran preocupación para el paciente y una frustración para el cirujano actuante. Objetivos: realizar un estudio descriptivo de las variables asociadas a la recurrencia tumoral, en 949 pacientes operadas. Métodos: se confeccionó una base de datos con las pacientes operadas desde 2005 hasta 2010, se identificaron las variables y análisis univariables y multivariables para determinar si existió asociación estadística. Resultados: se apreció que la incidencia fue de 4,4 por ciento. La intervención quirúrgica previa más frecuente fue la mastectomía radical modificada en 52,4 por ciento, y 26,2 por ciento de los casos que tenían metástasis ganglionares axilares en ese momento. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el carcinoma ductal infiltrante, de alto grado de malignidad. La infiltración vascular y linfática estuvo presente en 42,8 por ciento. El tratamiento definitivo más empleado fue la exéresis de la recidiva más radioterapia. El análisis multivariables solo asoció la metástasis ganglionar con la reaparición de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: la metástasis ganglionar axilar sigue siendo un factor de mal pronóstico en el seguimiento extenso de la paciente(AU)

Introduction: locoregional relapses after a breast cancer surgery is a big concern for the patient and a frustration to the performing surgeon. Objectives: to perform a descriptive study of the tumor recurrence-associated variables in 949 surgical patients. Methods: a database containing the data from operated patients in the period of 2005 through 2010 was made; the variables were identified and the univariate and multivariate analyses allowed determining the probable statistical association. Results: at was observed that the incidence of locoregional recurrence was 4.4 percent. The most common previous surgery was modified radical mastectomy in 52.4 percent and 26.2 percent of cases with axillary ganglionic metastasis at that time. The most frequent histological type was highly malignant infiltrating bile duct carcinoma. The vascular and lymphatic infiltration occurred in 42.8 percent of patients. The most used treatment was removal of recurrence plus radiotherapy. The multivariate analysis was associated only to ganglionic metastasis with the reappearance of disease. Conclusions: axillary ganglionic metastasis is still a factor indicating bad prognosis in the long follow-up of a patient(AU)