Diagnosis of bacteria from the CMNR group in farm animals.

The CMNR group comprises bacteria of the genera Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus and share cell wall and DNA content characteristics. Many pathogenic CMNR bacteria cause diseases such as mastitis, lymphadenitis, and pneumonia in farmed animals, which cause economic losses for breeders and represent a threat to public health. Traditional diagnosis in CMNR involves isolating target bacteria on general or selective media and conducting metabolic analyses with the assistance of laboratory biochemical identification systems. Advanced mass spectrometry may also support diagnosing these bacteria in the clinic's daily routine despite some challenges, such as the need for isolated bacteria. In difficult identification among some CMNR members, molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) emerge as reliable options for correct specification that is sometimes achieved directly from clinical samples such as tracheobronchial aspirates and feces. On the other hand, immunological diagnostics such as the skin test or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield promising results in subclinical infections with no bacterial growth involved. In this review, we present the methods most commonly used to diagnose pathogenic CMNR bacteria and discuss their advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and perspectives on adopting new technologies in diagnostics.

Endothelial c-Myc knockout disrupts metabolic homeostasis and triggers the development of obesity.

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor associated with multiple pathological conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of obesity. However, little is known regarding how early endothelial changes trigger obesity. In the present work we report a novel endothelial-mediated mechanism essential for regulation of metabolic homeostasis, driven by c-Myc. Methods: We used conditional knockout (EC-Myc KO) and overexpression (EC-Myc OE) mouse models to investigate the endothelial-specific role of c-Myc in metabolic homeostasis during aging and high-fat diet exposure. Body weight and metabolic parameters were collected over time and tissue samples collected at endpoint for biochemical, pathology and RNA-sequencing analysis. Animals exposed to high-fat diet were also evaluated for cardiac dysfunction. Results: In the present study we demonstrate that EC-Myc KO triggers endothelial dysfunction, which precedes progressive increase in body weight during aging, under normal dietary conditions. At endpoint, EC-Myc KO animals showed significant increase in white adipose tissue mass relative to control littermates, which was associated with sex-specific changes in whole body metabolism and increase in systemic leptin. Overexpression of endothelial c-Myc attenuated diet-induced obesity and visceral fat accumulation and prevented the development of glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction. Transcriptome analysis of skeletal muscle suggests that the protective effects promoted by endothelial c-Myc overexpression are associated with the expression of genes known to increase weight loss, energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Conclusion: Our results show a novel important role for endothelial c-Myc in regulating metabolic homeostasis and suggests its potential targeting in preventing obesity and associated complications such as diabetes type-2 and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Càmbess.) Eichler leaves aqueous extract improves colon inflammation through mucogenic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in TNBS- induced IBD rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Casearia sylvestris var. lingua (Cambess.) Eichler, a member of the Salicaceae family, holds a prominent place in traditional medicine across various cultures due to its versatile therapeutic properties. Historically, indigenous communities have utilized different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, and roots, to address a wide array of health conditions. Traditional uses of C. sylvestris var. lingua encompasses the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, inflammation, and stomach ulcers. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated the plant's antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. This signifies the first scientific validation report for C. sylvestris var. lingua regarding its effectiveness against ulcerative colitis. The report aims to affirm the traditional use of this plant through pre-clinical experiments. AIM OF THE RESEARCH: This work uses an aqueous extract from C. sylvestris var. lingua leaves (AECs) to evaluate the acute anti-ulcerative colitis efficacy in rat and HT-29 (human colorectal cancer cell line) models. METHODS: To determine the secondary metabolites of AECs, liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (LC-DAD) study was carried out. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/0.25 mL EtOH 30% v/v) was used as an enema to cause acute colitis. Three days were spent giving the C. sylvestris var. lingua extract orally by gavage at dosages of 3, 30, and 300 mg/kg. The same route was used to deliver distilled water to the vehicle and naïve groups. After the animals were sacrificed on the fourth day, intestinal tissues were taken for histological examination and evaluation of biochemical tests such as those measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Additionally, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 10 (IL-10), were conducted on the intestinal tissues. Additionally, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the effect of AECs on the viability of HT-29 cells. Additionally, a molecular docking study was carried out to compare some potential target proteins with identified chemicals found in AECs. RESULTS: LC-DAD analysis identified five compounds (caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin) in AECs. Pre-administration of AECs (3; 30; 300 mg/kg) and mesalazine (500 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic scores (55%, 47%, 45%, and 52%, p < 0.001) and ulcerated areas (70.3%, 70.5%, 57%, and 56%, p < 0.001), respectively. It also increased SOD, GSH, and CAT activities (p < 0.01), while decreasing MDA (p < 0.001), nitrite/nitrate (p < 0.05), and MPO (p < 0.001) activities compared to the colitis group. Concerning inflammatory markers, significant modulations were observed: AECs (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) lowered levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α (p < 0.001) and increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.001) compared to the colitis groups. The viability of HT-29 cells was suppressed by AECs with an IC50 of 195.90 ± 0.01 µg/mL (48 h). During the molecular docking analysis, quercetin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and ellagic acid demonstrated consistent binding affinities, forming stable interactions with the 3w3l (TLR8) and the 3ds6 (MAPK14) complexes. CONCLUSION: These results imply that the intestinal mucogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of the C. sylvestris var. lingua leaf extract may be involved in its therapeutic actions for ulcerative colitis. The results of the in silico study point to the possibility of quercetin and ellagic acid interacting with P38 and TLR8, respectively, in a beneficial way.

Description of Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. isolated from a human tissue bone a novel member of Corynebacterium Genus.

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium spp. are widely disseminated in the environment, and they are part of the skin and mucosal microbiota of animals and humans. Reports of human infections by Corynebacterium spp. have increased considerably in recent years and the appearance of multidrug resistant isolates around the world has drawn attention. OBJECTIVES: To describe a new species of Corynebacterium from human tissue bone is described after being misidentified using available methods. METHODS: For taxonomic analyses, phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acid identity, multilocus sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome were used. FINDINGS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes revealed values of in silico DNA-DNA hybridization, average nucleotide and amino acids identity below the values necessary for species characterization between the analyzed isolates and the closest phylogenetic relative Corynebacterium aurimucosum DSM 44532T. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Genomic taxonomic analyzes indicate that the isolates analyzed comprise a new species of the Corynebacterium genus, which we propose to name Corynebacterium hiratae sp. nov. with isolate 332T (= CBAS 826T = CCBH 35,014T) as the type strain.

Community composition of the entomopathogenic fungal genus Metarhizium in soils of tropical and temperate conventional and organic strawberry fields.

Studies on community composition and population structure of entomopathogenic fungi are imperative to link ecosystem functions to conservation biological control. We studied the diversity and abundance of Metarhizium spp. from soil of conventionally and organically farmed strawberry crops and from the adjacent field margins in two different climatic zones: Brazil (tropical) and Denmark (temperate), using the same isolating methods. In Brazilian strawberry soil, Metarhizium robertsii (n = 129 isolates) was the most abundant species, followed by M. humberi (n = 16); M. anisopliae (n = 6); one new taxonomically unassigned lineage Metarhizium sp. indet. 5 (n = 4); M. pingshaense (n = 1) and M. brunneum (n = 1). In Denmark, species composition was very different, with M. brunneum (n = 33) being isolated most commonly, followed by M. flavoviride (n = 6) and M. pemphigi (n = 5), described for the first time in Denmark. In total, 17 haplotypes were determined based on MzFG543igs sequences, four representing Danish isolates and 13 representing Brazilian isolates. No overall difference between the two climatic regimes was detected regarding the abundance of Metarhizium spp. in the soil in strawberry fields and the field margins. However, we found a higher Shannon's diversity index in organically managed soils, confirming a more diverse Metarhizium community than in soils of conventionally managed agroecosystems in both countries. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the indigenous diversity of Metarhizium in agricultural field margins with the potential to contribute to pest regulation in strawberry cropping systems.

In silico approaches for predicting natural compounds with therapeutic potential and vaccine candidates against Streptococcus equi.

Equine strangles is a prevalent disease that affects the upper respiratory in horses and is caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus equi. In addition to strangles, other clinical conditions are caused by the two S. equi subspecies, equi and zooepidemicus, which present relevant zoonotic potential. Treatment of infections caused by S. equi has become challenging due to the worldwide spreading of infected horses and the unavailability of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Penicillin treatment is often recommended, but multidrug resistance issues arised. We explored the whole genome sequence of 18 S. equi isolates to identify candidate proteins to be targeted by natural drug-like compounds or explored as immunogens. We considered only proteins shared among the sequenced strains of subspecies equi and zooepidemicus, absent in the equine host and predicted to be essential and involved in virulence. Of these, 4 proteins with cytoplasmic subcellular location were selected for molecular docking with a library of 5008 compounds, while 6 proteins were proposed as prominent immunogens against S. equi due to their probabilities of behaving as adhesins. The molecular docking analyses revealed the best ten ligands for each of the 4 drug target candidates, and they were ranked according to their binding affinities and the number of hydrogen bonds for complex stability. Finally, the natural 5-ring compound C25H20F3N5O3 excelled in molecular dynamics simulations for the increased stability in the interaction with UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (MurB). This research paves the way to developing new therapeutics to minimize the impacts caused by S. equi infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Biodiesel production potential of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms: comparison of collection sites and different alcohol transesterifications.

Renewable resources have stood out as raw materials in producing biofuels. This study aimed to evaluate the parameters of alcohol transesterification (ethanol and methanol) and localization of collection of aquatic macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in the production of biodiesel by in situ transesterification. E. crassipes was collected in Dourados and Corumbá (Brazil) municipalities. The fatty acid ester composition of the biodiesel was characterized and quantified by gas chromatography. The biodiesel properties were estimated using the BiodieselAnalyzer© program prediction. The ethyl transesterification resulted in higher yields, but the localization of collection was the most relevant parameter in biodiesel production according to the Permutation Multivariate Analysis of Variance. The simulation and comparison of the physical-chemical properties of E. crassipes biodiesel and BD 100 (commercial biodiesel) were promising for commercial application.

DC-electrical penetration graph waveforms for Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and the effects of entomopathogenic fungi on its probing behavior.

The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis is an important transmitter of viruses and bacteria to maize plants. Data on the stylet probing and ingestion behavior of D. maidis, gathered using the DC-electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) technique, are limited. The increasing prevalence of this pest and the diseases that it transmits in maize crops heighten the importance of studying how control tools affect the probing behavior of these insects, to reduce or prevent the chances of pathogen transmission and the damage from feeding. Our study recorded stylet activities of D. maidis, using a DC-EPG system and compared the appearances of waveforms with those from published AC and AC-DC EPG studies. All types of systems produced similar waveform appearances; therefore, we used the waveform nomenclature previously published. We also determined the effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica on the probing behavior of D. maidis at different time points after the fungus was applied by spraying. Forty-eight hours after the insects were sprayed, the effects were pronounced, with significant disruption of the stylet activities in phloem and non-phloem phases. Our study indicated that this commercial microbiological product, with the active ingredient C. javanica, can alter the probing behavior of D. maidis and may be helpful in management of the vector.

Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de intoxicação exógena no estado do Pará entre 2012 e 2021 / Epidemiological characterization of exogenous poisoning cases in the state of Pará between 2012 and 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos de intoxicação exógena no estado do Pará, entre 2012 e 2021. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, de caráter descritivo e delineamento transversal, realizado a partir da coleta de dados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados: Nesse período, foram registrados 5.803 casos de intoxicação exógena no Pará. Houve predominância no sexo feminino (56,92%), faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos (39,10%) e cor/raça parda (74,93%). Sobressaíram-se as circunstâncias de tentativa de suicídio (32,62%)e uso acidental (24,47%), os agentes tóxicos medicamentos (25,52%) e agrotóxicos agrícolas (13,42%), casos de exposição aguda-única (58,94%), diagnóstico clínico (47,11%) como critério de confirmação e evolução para cura sem sequelas (65,88%). Ao relacionar circunstâncias com faixa etária e sexo, identificou-se número elevado de tentativas de suicídio entre jovens e adultos (n=1.633), principalmente mulheres (n=1.198), enquanto que no uso acidental, os principais acometidos foram as crianças (n=840), em especial, do sexo masculino (n=740). Conclusão: As intoxicações exógenas surgem como uma problemática de saúde no estado do Pará, apresentando características específicas, sendo necessária a promoção de ações de educação em saúde para servir de auxílio no alerta às crianças, jovens, famílias e à comunidade como um todo. Descritores: Epidemiologia; Sistemas de Informação em Saúde; Intoxicação

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological profile of exogenous poisoning cases in the state of Pará between 2012 and 2021. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, based on data collected from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Results: During this period, 5,803 cases of exogenous poisoning were recorded in Pará. There was a predominance of females (56.92%), aged between 20 and 39 (39.10%) and brown (74.93%). The circumstances that stood out were suicide attempts (32.62%) and accidental use (24.47%), the toxic agents drugs (25.52%) and agricultural pesticides (13.42%), cases of acute-single exposure (58.94%), clinical diagnosis (47.11%) as a confirmation criterion and progression to cure without sequelae (65.88%). When relating circumstances to age group and gender, a high number of suicide attempts were identified among young people and adults (n=1,633), mainly women (n=1,198), while in accidental use, the main victims were children (n=840), especially males (n=740). Conclusion: Exogenous poisoning has become a health problem in the state of Pará, with specific characteristics, and it is necessary to promote health education to help alert children, young people, families and the community as a whole. Descriptors: Epidemiology; Health Information Systems; Poisoning

Maternal-fetal safety evaluation of an aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris leaves in rats.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the maternal, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Casearia sylvestris (AECS), a species listed in the Unique Health System of Brazil, and widely used for treating several conditions, such as diarrhea, wounds, pain, and ulcers. METHODS: Pregnant rats were daily treated orally with 0, 175, 350, or 700 mg/kg/body weight of AECS, from gestational day (GD) 6 to 15 (organogenesis period). On GD 20, the pregnant rats were euthanized, and the litters submitted to an assessment of fetal development. RESULTS: No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in the dams during the treatment. In the embryo-fetal development study, a significant increase in the basal zone height of the placenta was observed in the intermediate dose group. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the relative anogenital distance measurement of female fetuses in the lowest and intermediate dose groups. Although no visceral abnormalities were observed in the treated-fetuses, skeletal anomalies evidenced by changes in the ossification of the sternum and the presence of supernumerary ribs were found in the intermediate and high dose groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the treatment with AECS during organogenesis at this dose level had detrimental effects on the normal development of fetuses.

Theoretical investigation of anion perfluorocubane.

CONTEXT: In this work, we did a theoretical exploration of C8F8 (Ib) and its anion radical analogue (IIb) in this work. By investigating the thermochemistry of electron capture, we find that the free energy associated with the conversion of C8H8 (Ia) into its anion radical analogue IIa is of the order of + 92.83 kcal.mol-1, while the conversion of Ib into IIb is - 6.42 kcal.mol-1. Therefore, species IIb is thermodynamically more stable than its neutral analogue. Natural bond orbitals (NBO) analyses revealed that compound Ib exhibits a relative electronic stability as a function of intramolecular delocalisations of the type [Formula: see text] of the order of 2.70 kcal.mol-1. Similar delocalizations for Ia are energetically lower (1.45 kcal.mol-1). Topological analyses of compounds Ib and IIb indicate that the addition of an electron to Ib enhances the covalency of the C-C bond, as can be seen by the reduction in the ellipticity of the C-C bond. The opposite is observed for Ia, whose addition of the electron (leading to IIa) reduces the covalency of the C-C bond. By comparing the free and packaged forms of the species, it is found that, in the crystalline form, the system will present greater relative stability due to the dispersive interactions involved, as evidenced by non-covalent interactions (NCI) analysis. Finally, it was possible to verify that the manifestation of the current density with a lower paratropic and less antiaromatic character in Ib and IIb point to C8F8 as a strong candidate for electron capture. METHODS: Geometry optimization calculations were carried out, for all monomer structures using the hybrid functional B3LYP-D3 and the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. To determine the formation thermochemistry of the ions, electronic energy corrections was performed using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ/C method. Starting from the optimised forms, shielding, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra employing gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO), and NBO calculations were performed for these monomers, using the PBE0 functional and the pCSseg-2 atomic basis set. The magnetochemical analysis of ring currents was performed using the GIMIC formalism. For the topological analysis, it was applied the combination DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ/C, previously used for correcting the electronic energy.

Atividade física, ajuste à prótese e condição de saúde de pessoas com amputação de membro inferior / Physical activity, adjustment to the prosthesis and health condition of people with lower limb amputation

Objetivo: Relacionar atividade física, características demográficas e clínicas, ajuste à prótese e condições de saúde relacionada à qualidade de vida de adultos com amputações de membro inferior. Método: Participaram do estudo 70 indivíduos com amputações de membro inferior de ambos os sexos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de ficha para caracterização dos participantes, do Physical Activity Scale for Individual with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), da Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales­Revised (TAPES-R) e do Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial visando correlações, comparações e associações. Foi adotado p menor ou igual a 0,05. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que os participantes tiveram gasto energético de 26,93 MET h/d e maiores médias de condições de Saúde Relacionado à Qualidade de Vida no domínio saúde mental, ainda apresentaram maiores médias relacionados ao Ajuste à Prótese no domínio Social (3,56) com Grau de Ajuste acima da média (6,42). Conclusão: Os participantes do estudo apresentaram bom nível de atividade física, bom ajuste à prótese, boa saúde física e mental, melhor adaptação à amputação e participação. Além disso, também foi observado uma pior relação na adaptação entre pessoas com amputação acima do joelho, quando comparadas às amputações abaixo do joelho.

Objective: To relate physical activity, demographic, and clinical characteristics, fit to the prosthesis and health conditions related to the quality of life of adults with lower limb amputations. Method: 70 individuals with lower limb amputations of both sexes participated in the study. Data were collected using a form to characterize the participants, the Physical Activity Scale for Individual with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD), the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales­Revised (TAPES-R) and the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics aiming at correlations, comparisons, and associations. A p lower than or equal to 0.05 was adapted. Results: The results showed that the participants had an energy expenditure of 26.93 MET h/d and higher averages of Health Conditions Related to Quality of Life in the mental health domain, they still had higher averages related to Prosthesis Fit in the Social domain (3.56) with Adjustment Degree above average (6.42). Conclusion: Study participants had a good level of physical activity, good fit to the prosthesis, good physical and mental health, better adaptation to the amputation and participation. In addition, a worse relationship was observed in the adaptation between people with amputations above the knee, when compared to amputations below the knee.

Intake and digestibility of two diets for nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus: Linnaeus, 1758) kept under human care.

The study aimed to evaluate metabolic parameters, nutrient intake, and absorption of two diets formulated for Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos under human care. Were studied two diets: D1-a diet with dry dog food, ground beef, and boiled chicken egg with shells; D2-a diet with the same ingredients as D1, with added banana and papaya. Both are mixed in water. The parameters analyzed were body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), maintenance energy requirement (MER), Lee index, biometrics, body condition score, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and cholesterol fractions for eight male armadillos. Dietary intake (DI) and efficiency, nutrient intake, metabolizable energy, and digestibility coefficient for the diets were evaluated in six male armadillos. The diet that included fruits showed higher BW, WG, MER, Lee index, and better glucose metabolism. Both diets promoted increases in WG and Lee Index, as well as improvements in glucose metabolism. The diet without fruit improved the lipid profile of the animals. D2 presented the highest DI, better dietary efficiency, and higher energy intake but also a lower crude fiber intake. However, it showed the best utilization of gross fiber and all other nutrients. In conclusion, the diets constituted an adequate nutritional option for captive armadillos and can be used in malnutrition and pathological processes recovery. Although both diets were adequate, the nonfruit diet was preferable due to the improved lipid profile.

Caracterização epidemiológica de acidentes com animais peçonhentos entre 2012-2021: revisão sistemática / Epidemiological characterization of accidents with poisonous animals between 2012-2021: systematic review / Caracterización Epidemiológica de acidentes con animales venenosos entre 2012-2021: revisión sistemática

Acidentes por animais peçonhentos são considerados um problema cosmopolita de saúde pública.Poucos são os estudos de revisão acerca da temática encontrados na literatura. Objetivo:definir os principaisaspectos epidemiológicos envolvidos nos acidentes com animais peçonhentos no período 2012-2021.Metodologia:Revisão sistemática, com base no protocolo PRISMA, incluindoartigos publicados entre 2012 e 2021, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, a partir da busca nas bases de dados PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS e Portal de Periódicos CAPES, utilizando a combinação dos descritores "Venoms" AND "Accidents" AND/OR "Epidemiological".Resultados:Foram encontrados 729 artigos, dos quais 17 foram selecionados para comporem esta revisão. A maioria(64,7%)dos artigos utilizaram o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação como fonte de dados, 76,4% evidenciaram o sexo masculino como o principal acometido, 64,7% apontaram a zona rural como principal área de ocorrência e faixa etária de 21-30 anos representou 47,05% dos artigos. Acidentes ofídicos demonstraram maior prevalência(47,05%), seguidos pelos escorpiônicos(23,5%). Os membros inferiores foram os mais acometidos(76,4%). Destacou-se tempo de atendimento de uma até 6 hora. Prevaleceram acidentes leves(82,3%), com bons índices de cura e poucos óbitos quanto comparado com o número total de casos. A soroterapia foi trabalhada em 11(64,7%)estudos, sendo utilizada principalmente em acidentes com serpentes. Dor e edema foram as principais manifestações locais, alterações vagais foram as principais manifestações sistêmicas e necrose, alterações do sistema circulatório e renal foram as principais complicações apontadas.Conclusões:Os achados possibilitaram melhor visualização e entendimento da problemática, reforçando a importância do desenvolvimento de ações interventivas que venham a melhorar os sistemas de saúde locais, colaborando na identificação de falhas e melhorias no atendimento imediato e preventivo em saúde (AU).

manifestations, vagal changes the main systemic manifestations, and necrosis, circulatory and renal system alterations the most important complications reported.Conclusions: The findings allow better visualization and understanding of the problem, reinforcing the importance of intervention to improve local health systems, thereby helping identify the shortcomings and improvements in prompt and preventive treatment (AU).

Los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos constituyen un problema de salud pública cosmopolita. Pocos estudios han realizado una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema.Objetivo: Determinar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos involucrados en los accidentes con animales ponzoñosos entre 2012 y 2021. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, basada en el protocolo PRISMA, que incluye artículos publicados entre 2012 y 2021, en inglés, español y portugués, mediante búsquedas en las bases de datos PUBMED , SCIELO, LILACS y CAPES, y una combinación de los descriptores "Venenos" Y "Accidentes" Y/O "Epidemiológico". Resultados: Se encontraron un total de 729 artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados para la revisión. La mayoría (64,7%) de los artículos utilizaron el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria como fuente de datos, el 76,4% encontró que el sexo masculino fue el más afectado, el 64,7% se presentó en la zona rural y el grupo etario de 21 a 30 años representó el 47,05% de las publicaciones. Las mordeduras de serpientes fueron las más prevalentes (47,05%), seguidas de las picaduras de escorpión (23,5%), y los miembros inferiores fueron los más afectados (76,4%). El tiempo de tratamiento fue de hasta 6 horas. Las mordeduras leves fueron las más comunes (82,3%), con buenas tasas de curación y pocas muertes en comparación con el número de casos. La seroterapia se aplicó en 11 (64,7%) estudios, principalmente en mordeduras de serpientes. El dolor y la tumefacción fueron las principales manifestaciones locales, los cambios vágales las principales manifestaciones sistémicas y la necrosis, las alteraciones del sistema circulatorio y renal las complicaciones más importantes reportadas.Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten una mejor visualización y comprensión del problema, reforzando la importancia de la intervención para mejorar los sistemas locales de salud, ayudando así a identificar las falencias y mejoras en el tratamiento oportuno y preventivo (AU).

Comparative genomic analysis of the Dietzia genus: an insight into genomic diversity, and adaptation.

Dietzia strains are widely distributed in the environment, presenting an opportunistic role, and some species have undetermined taxonomic characteristics. Here, we propose the existence of errors in the classification of species in this genus using comparative genomics. We performed ANI, dDDH, pangenome and genomic plasticity analyses better to elucidate the phylogenomic relationships between Dietzia strains. For this, we used 55 genomes of Dietzia downloaded from public databases that were combined with a newly sequenced. Sequence analysis of a phylogenetic tree based on genome similarity comparisons and dDDH, ANI analyses supported grouping different Dietzia species into four distinct groups. The pangenome analysis corroborated the classification of these groups, supporting the idea that some species of Dietzia could be reassigned in a possible classification into three distinct species, each containing less variability than that found within the global pangenome of all strains. Additionally, analysis of genomic plasticity based on groups containing Dietzia strains found differences in the presence and absence of symbiotic Islands and pathogenic islands related to their isolation site. We propose that the comparison of pangenome subsets together with phylogenomic approaches can be used as an alternative for the classification and differentiation of new species of the genus Dietzia.

Comparative genomic analysis of ovine and other host associated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus exhibit the important role of mobile genetic elements and virulence factors in host adaptation.

Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiological agent of mastitis in small ruminants worldwide. This disease has a difficult cure and possible relapse, leading to significant economic losses in production, milk quality and livestock. This study performed comparative genomic analyses between 73 S. aureus genomes from different hosts (human, bovine, pig and others). This work isolated and sequenced 12 of these genomes from ovine. This study contributes to the knowledge of genomic specialization and the role of specific genes in establishing infection in ovine mastitis-associated S. aureus. The genomes of S. aureus isolated from sheep maintained a higher representation when grouped with clonal complexes 130 and 133. The genomes showed high genetic similarity, the species pan-genome consisting of 4200 genes (central = 2008, accessory = 1559 and unique = 634). Among these, 277 unique genes were related to the genomes isolated from sheep, with 39.6 % as hypothetical proteins, 6.4 % as phages, 6.4 % as toxins, 2.9 % as transporters, and 44.7 % as related to other proteins. Furthermore, at the pathogen level, they showed 80 genes associated with virulence factors and 19 with antibiotic resistance shared in almost all isolates. Although S. aureus isolated from ovine showed susceptibility to antimicrobials in vitro, ten genes were predicted to be associated with antibiotic inactivation and efflux pump, suggesting resistance to gentamicin and penicillin. This work may contribute to identifying genes acquired by horizontal transfer and their role in host adaptation, virulence, bacterial resistance, and characterization of strains affecting ovine.

In vitro antiviral effect of Mexican and Brazilian propolis and phenolic compounds against human coronavirus 229E.

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by bees (Apis mellifera). It is used for its biological properties. This natural product is available as a safe therapeutic option. Herein, we report the antiviral effects of brown propolis extract from Mexico and green and red propolis extracts from Brazil, as well as their phenolic compounds (quercetin, caffeic acid, and rutin) in preventing infection of MRC-5 cells by HCoV-229E. Normal human fibroblast lung cells (MRC-5) were used to determine the cytotoxicity of the compounds. All samples studied showed antiviral activity. Green and brown propolis extracts, and quercetin exhibited the best EC50 values with values of 19.080, 11.240, and 77.208 µg/mL against HCoV-229E, respectively, and with TC50 of 62.19, 29.192, and 298 µg/mL on MRC-5 cells, respectively. These results are the first in vitro study of the effects of propolis on HCoV-229E and provide the basis for the development of natural formulations against other coronavirus strains.

Self-Awareness in research: From its functional constituents to investigation models / Autoconsciência em pesquisa: dos constituintes funcionais aos modelos de investigação

Objective The present theoretical study aimed to describe the functionalist origins of self-awareness construct and its importance in grounding an empirical investigation agenda within psychological scientific literature. Method We first conceptually analyzed William James definitions for self-related processes and then examined its repercussion for empirical self-awareness research in personality and cognitive neuroscience literature. Results Initial challenges of the field to put forward investigations that encompassed both dispositional and situational aspects of self-awareness were found. Moreover, progress observed in different trends of self-awareness investigation, in the last 20 years, were approached in its connection to technological advances evidenced in science. Conclusion The need for more integration between different levels of evidence and research fields are discussed as a mean to build an effective full understanding of self-awareness.

Objetivo O presente estudo teórico teve como objetivo descrever as origens funcionalistas do construto autoconsciência e sua importância na fundamentação de uma agenda de pesquisas empíricas na literatura de psicologia científica. Método Inicialmente analisamos conceitualmente as definições de William James para processos autorreferentes e depois examinamos suas repercussões para a pesquisa empírica de autoconsciência nas literaturas de personalidade e neurociências cognitivas. Resultados Desafios iniciais do campo para definir investigações que abrangessem tanto aspectos disposicionais como situacionais da autoconsciência foram encontrados. Além disso, progressos observados em diferentes tendências de investigação da autoconsciência, nos últimos 20 anos, foram abordados em sua conexão com os avanços tecnológicos evidenciados nas ciências. Conclusão A necessidade de maior integração entre diferentes níveis de evidência e campos de pesquisa é discutida como uma forma de construir uma efetiva compreensão global da autoconsciência.

Intake and digestibility of two diets for nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus: Linnaeus, 1758) kept under human care

The study aimed to evaluate metabolic parameters, nutrient intake, and absorption oftwo diets formulated forDasypus novemcinctusarmadillos under human care. Werestudied two diets: D1­a diet with dry dog food, ground beef, and boiled chicken eggwith shells; D2­a diet with the same ingredients as D1, with added banana andpapaya. Both are mixed in water. The parameters analyzed were body weight (BW),weight gain (WG), maintenance energy requirement (MER), Lee index, biometrics,body condition score, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and cholesterol fractionsfor eight male armadillos. Dietary intake (DI) and efficiency, nutrient intake,metabolizable energy, and digestibility coefficient for the diets were evaluated in sixmale armadillos. The diet that included fruits showed higher BW, WG, MER, Lee index,and better glucose metabolism. Both diets promoted increases in WG and Lee Index,as well as improvements in glucose metabolism. The diet without fruit improved thelipid profile of the animals. D2 presented the highest DI, better dietary efficiency, andhigher energy intake but also a lower crude fiber intake. However, it showed the bestutilization of gross fiber and all other nutrients. In conclusion, the diets constituted anadequate nutritional option for captive armadillos and can be used in malnutrition andpathological processes recovery. Although both diets were adequate, the nonfruit dietwas preferable due to the improved lipid profile

Teaching of the Black Population's Health: Anti-Racist Lenses for a Paradigm Shift to Address Racial Inequities.

Health (and its dialectical pair-illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root cause of health inequities in Brazil and elsewhere, and (2) how students at the University of Brasilia School of Medicine respond to an anti-racist curriculum. We emphasize that an environment of profound exchanges in the teaching-learning process, adopting anti-racism praxis as a competency in the medical curriculum, is a paradigm shift in medical education and future practice.