Ordem do treinamento com pesos, capacidade funcional e carga de treino em idosos treinados: ensaio clínico aleatorizado / Order of resistance training, functional capacity and training load in trained elderly: randomized clinical trial

Introdução: a ordem do treinamento com pesos (TP) pode estar relacionada aos benefícios observados nesta modalidade. Objetivo: avaliar a ordem de TP na capacidade funcional e carga de treino. Métodos: dezoito idosos treinados foram aleatorizados: sequência A (SEQ A), dos grandes para os pequenos grupos musculares e sequência B (SEQ B), ordem inversa a SEQ A. A flexibilidade, tarefas funcionais, resistência muscular e carga de treino foram verificados. Resultados: interação foi observada para a flexibilidade, em que a SEQ B (+ 18,7%) apresentou resultado significativo, quando comparada à SEQ A (- 18,4%). Efeito do tempo foi encontrado para tarefa funcional (SEQ A = - 2,9% e SEQ B = - 1,9%), resistência muscular (SEQ A = + 11,5% e SEQ B = + 8,9%) e carga de treino (SEQ A = + 54,0% e SEQ B = + 74,3%). Conclusão: TP é efetivo para a melhora da tarefa funcional, da resistência muscular e da carga de treino, porém a ordem pode influenciar na flexibilidade.

Introduction: The order of resistance training (RT) may be related to the benefits observed in this modality. Objective: To evaluate the order of RT in functional capacity and training load. Methods: Eighteen trained elderly were randomized: sequence A (SEQ A), from large to small muscle groups and sequence B (SEQ B), reverse order to SEQ A. Flexibility, functional tasks, muscle endurance and training load were verified. Results: Interaction was observed for flexibility, where the SEQ B (+ 18.7%) presented significant result when compared to SEQ A (- 18.4%). Effect of time was found for functional task (SEQ A = - 2.9% and SEQ B = - 1.9%), muscle endurance (SEQ A = + 11.5% and SEQ B = + 8.9%) and training load (SEQ A = + 54.0% and SEQ B = + 74.3%). Conclusion: RT is effective for improving functional task, muscular endurance and training load, but order can influence flexibility.

Phase angle is related with inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older women.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the relation between phase angle (PhA) and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older women. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-five physically independent older women participated in this study (67.7±5.7years, 27.0±4.4kg/m2). Inflammatory markers included interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and acute phase reactive protein (CRP). Oxidative stress biomarkers comprised superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP). A spectral bioelectrical impedance device was used to estimate resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) at frequency 50kHz, and subsequently PhA was calculated as arc-tangent (Xc/R)×180°/π. The covariates appendicular lean soft-tissue (ALST), trunk fat mass, and total body fat were determined by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analysis was conducted to further test if PhA is related with the dependent variables, after adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS: After controlling for the potential covariates (age, trunk fat mass, ALST, and number of diseases) PhA exhibited a significant inverse relation with IL-6 (ß=-0.97; P<0.01), TNF-α (ß=-0.84; P<0.01), and CRP (ß=-0.58; P<0.01). Conversely, PhA was significantly related to CAT (ß=7.27; P<0.01), SOD (ß=10.55; P<0.01) and TRAP (ß=73.08; P<0.01). The AOPP did not demonstrate a significant correlation with PhA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that PhA is a simple and relevant explanatory variable which is related inflammatory and stress oxidative markers in physically independent older women, regardless of age, number of diseases, and body composition.

Aquecimento não modifica o volume durante o treinamento com pesos / Warm-up no modify the volume during resistance training

Objetivo: Analisar a influência de diferentes formas de aquecimento sobre o volume de treino em homens treinados. Métodos: Quatro sessões experimentais foram realizadas: aquecimento específico (ESP), aquecimento aeróbio (AE), aquecimento alongamento (ALO) e sessão controle (CO) pré sessão de treinamento com pesos. O programa de treino foi estruturado com seis exercícios, executados em três séries de oito a doze repetições. Informações referentes ao volume de treino, duração da sessão e número de repetições foram coletadas. Resultados: Efeito (P < 0,01) para a duração do treino foi observado, apresentando o CO (42,6 ± 2,0 min.) menor duração de treinamento quando comparado as sessões ALO (62,3 ± 3,0 min.), ESP (51,5 ± 4,0 min.) e AE (52,7 ± 1,0 min.). Não foram observados efeitos do aquecimento (P > 0,05) com relação ao volume de treino. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o aquecimento não apresenta melhora no volume de treino. (AU)

Objective: The evaluate the influence of different forms of warm-up on the volume training in trained men. Methods: Four experimental sessions were held: specific warm-up (SWU), aerobic (AE), stretch (STR) and control (CO) pre training. The training program was structured with six exercises, performed in three sets of eight to twelve repetitions. Information regarding the volume of training, training duration and number of repetitions were collected. Results: Effect (P < 0.01) for the training duration was observed, with the CO (42.6 ± 2.0 min.) shorter training sessions compared to STR (62.3 ± 3.0 min.), SWU (51.5 ± 4.0 min.), and AE (52.7 ± 1.0 min.). There were no warm-up effects (P > 0.05) with respect to the training volume. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that warm-up presents no improvement in training volume. (AU)