Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Emotional Intelligence Self-Perception Questionnaire / Adaptação e Validação Transcultural do Questionário de Autoperceção de Inteligência Emocional / Adaptación y Validación Transcultural del Cuestionario de Autopercepción de Inteligencia Emocional

Abstract The assessment of emotional intelligence is limited by the lack of psychometrically valid instruments. The present study aimed at cross-culturally adapting and validating the Emotional Intelligence Self-perception Questionnaire (EIQ-SP) in samples of Brazilian and Portuguese university students. Within this scope, in a sample of 1,074 students, reliability, construct-related validity, and criterion-related validity were analyzed. Additionally, metric invariance between the two samples and between genders was assessed. EIQ-SP showed appropriate psychometric qualities in its validation for use in Brazil, maintaining Mayer and Salovey's four-branch model. With a short application time, simple and objective language, its small number of questions makes it an attractive and valuable instrument to investigate Emotional Intelligence.

Resumo A avaliação da inteligência emocional apresenta-se limitada pela falta de instrumentos psicometricamente válidos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e validar transculturalmente o Questionário de Autoperceção de Inteligência Emocional (QIE-AP) em amostras de estudantes universitários brasileiros e portugueses. Neste âmbito, em uma amostra de 1074 estudantes, foram analisadas a fiabilidade, a validade relacionada com o constructo e a validade relacionada com o critério. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada a invariância métrica entre as duas amostras e entre gêneros. O QIE-AP demonstrou qualidades psicométricas adequadas em sua validação para uso no Brasil, mantendo o modelo tetrafatorial de Mayer e Salovey. Com tempo de aplicação curto, linguagem simples e objetiva, seu número reduzido de questões o torna um instrumento atrativo e valioso na investigação da Inteligência Emocional.

Resumen La evaluación de la inteligencia emocional se ve limitada por la falta de instrumentos psicométricamente válidos. El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de adaptar culturalmente y validar el Cuestionario de Autopercepción de Inteligencia Emocional (CIE-AP) en muestras de estudiantes universitarios brasileños y portugueses. En este ámbito, en una muestra con 1074 estudiantes, se analizaron la fiabilidad, la validez relacionada con el constructo y la validez relacionada con el criterio. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la invariancia métrica entre las dos muestras y entre géneros. El Cuestionario de Inteligencia Emocional - Autopercepción (CIE-AP) demostró calidad psicométrica adecuada en su validación para uso en Brasil, manteniendo el modelo tetrafatorial de Mayer y Salovey. Con tiempo de aplicación corto, lenguaje simple y objetivo, su número reducido de cuestiones lo convierte en un instrumento atractivo y valioso en la investigación de la Inteligencia Emocional.

Factors associated with burnout syndrome in medical residents of a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among resident physicians of various specialties and to evaluate associated factors. METHOD:: The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment of the Poisson model with the identification of risk factors and calculation of prevalence ratios (PR). Of the 250 resident physicians registered with Hospital das Clínicas of Pernambuco, 129 participated in the study. RESULTS:: In the three domains that characterize burnout syndrome, we found a low level of professional achievement in 94.6% of resident physicians interviewed, a high level of depersonalization in 31.8%, and 59.7% with a high level of emotional exhaustion. The prevalence of burnout was 27.9%. Having suffered a stressful event in the last six months (PR: 8.10; 95CI 1.2-57.2) and being a student of surgical specialty (PR: 1.99; 95CI 1.2-3.3) were independently associated with burnout. CONCLUSION:: The prevalence of burnout found in resident physicians is in accordance with previous Brazilian studies. Residents of surgical specialties and those who suffered some stressful event were identified as susceptible in this study. The early identification of risk factors is fundamental for the implementation of preventive measures against burnout syndrome.

Factors associated with burnout syndrome in medical residents of a university hospital / Fatores associados à síndrome de burnout em médicos residentes de um hospital universitário

Summary Objective: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among resident physicians of various specialties and to evaluate associated factors. Method: The Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to evaluate factors associated with the syndrome. Burnout was defined as the association of high emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low professional achievement. Multivariate analysis was performed after adjustment of the Poisson model with the identification of risk factors and calculation of prevalence ratios (PR). Of the 250 resident physicians registered with Hospital das Clínicas of Pernambuco, 129 participated in the study. Results: In the three domains that characterize burnout syndrome, we found a low level of professional achievement in 94.6% of resident physicians interviewed, a high level of depersonalization in 31.8%, and 59.7% with a high level of emotional exhaustion. The prevalence of burnout was 27.9%. Having suffered a stressful event in the last six months (PR: 8.10; 95CI 1.2-57.2) and being a student of surgical specialty (PR: 1.99; 95CI 1.2-3.3) were independently associated with burnout. Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout found in resident physicians is in accordance with previous Brazilian studies. Residents of surgical specialties and those who suffered some stressful event were identified as susceptible in this study. The early identification of risk factors is fundamental for the implementation of preventive measures against burnout syndrome.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome de burnout entre médicos residentes de várias especialidades e avaliar os fatores associados. Método: Foram aplicados o questionário Maslach Burnout Inventory e um questionário sócio-demográfico para avaliar fatores associados à síndrome. Burnout foi definido pela associação de alto desgaste emocional e despersonalização e baixa realização profissional. Análise multivariada foi realizada por meio do ajuste do modelo de Poisson com a identificação dos fatores de risco e calculadas as razões de prevalência (RP). Dos 250 médicos residentes cadastrados no Hospital das Clínicas de Pernambuco, 129 participaram do estudo. Resultados: Nos três domínios que caracterizam a síndrome de burnout, encontramos um baixo nível de realização profissional em 94,6% dos médicos residentes entrevistados, alto nível de despersonalização em 31,8% e 59,7% com alto nível de desgaste emocional. A prevalência de burnout encontrada foi de 27,9%. Ter sofrido evento estressante nos seis meses anteriores (RP: 8,10; IC 95% 1,2-57,2) e cursar especialidade cirúrgica (RP: 1,99; IC 95% 1,2-3,3) estiveram associados de forma independente ao burnout. Conclusão: A prevalência de burnout encontrada em médicos residentes está de acordo com estudos brasileiros prévios. Residentes de especialidades cirúrgicas e aqueles que sofreram evento estressor foram identificados como susceptíveis neste estudo. A identificação precoce dos fatores de risco é fundamental para a implementação de medidas preventivas para o não desenvolvimento da síndrome.

Vulnerabilidade e bem-estar psicológicos do estudante universitário / Vulnerability and psychological well-being of college student

O presente estudo buscou identificar indicadores de vulnerabilidade e bem-estar psicológicos em estudantes universitários. A amostra foi constituída a partir do banco de dados proveniente da avaliação de indicadores de saúde mental de estudantes universitários de cursos de graduação e de seis instituições de ensino superior (IES) distintas. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado, Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, SelfReporting Questionnaire e General Health Questionnaire - 12 itens. Foram abordados 3.587 estudantes, de ambos os gêneros, regularmente matriculados. Em relação à sintomatologia de estresse, foram investigados 783 indivíduos, e a prevalência geral foi de 52,88%. Os sintomas ansiosos foram avaliados em 709 estudantes, e a prevalência encontrada foi de 13,54%. O sofrimento psicológico foi avaliado em 1.403 graduandos, sendo que 39,97% da amostra apresentou sofrimento psicológico significativo. O burnout, avaliado em 468 participantes do curso de medicina, foi encontrado em 5% da amostra. Os achados evidenciam a vulnerabilidade dos estudantes universitários e apontam para a necessidade de ampliar a discussão em torno da saúde mental dos universitários e de desenvolver programas de prevenção e intervenção(AU)

The aim of the present study was to identify indicators of psychological vulnerability and well-being in university students. A sample was extracted from the database of evaluating indicators of the mental health of university students of six universities. Instruments: Lipp's Inventory of Stress Symptoms, Maslach Burnout Inventory - Student Survey, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Reporting Questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire, in a total of 12 items. Results: 3587 students of both genders participated in the study. Regarding the symptoms of stress, 783 individuals were investigated and the overall prevalence was of 52.88%. Anxiety symptoms were assessed in 709 students and the prevalence was of 13.54%. Psychological distress was assessed in 1403, being that 39.97% of that sample showed signs of important psychological distress. Burnout was evaluated in 468 participants of medical school, and it was found in 5% of that sample. These findings highlight the vulnerability of university students and show the necessity of increase in the discussions about the mental health of university students and the development of prevention and interventional programs(AU)