Long-term survival after cardiac arrest in patients undergoing emergent coronary angiography.

AIM: To determine long-term survival of patients after cardiac arrest undergoing emergent coronary angiography and therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: We analysed data from patients treated within the regional STEMI Network from January 2015 to December 2020. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at median follow-up. Secondary endpoints were periprocedural complications (arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, mechanical complication, stent thrombosis, reinfarction, bleeding) and 6-month all-cause death. A landmark analysis was performed, studying two time periods; 0-6 months and beyond 6 months. RESULTS: From a total of 24,125 patients in the regional STEMI network, 494 patients who suffered from cardiac arrest were included and divided into two groups: treated with (n = 119) and without therapeutic hypothermia (n = 375). At median follow-up (16.0 [0.2-33.3] months), there was no difference in the adjusted mortality rate between groups (51.3 % with hypothermia vs 48.0 % without hypothermia; HRadj1.08 95%CI [0.77-1.53]; p = 0.659). There was a higher frequency of bleeding in the hypothermia group (6.7 % vs 1.1 %; ORadj 7.99 95%CI [2.05-31.2]; p = 0.002), without difference for the rest of periprocedural complications. At 6-month follow-up, adjusted all-cause mortality rate was similar between groups (46.2 % with hypothermia vs 44.5 % without hypothermia; HRadj1.02 95%CI [0.71-1.47]; p = 0.900). Also, no differences were observed in the adjusted mortality rate between 6 months and median follow-up (9.4 % with hypothermia vs 6.3 % without hypothermia; HRadj2.02 95%CI [0.69-5.92]; p = 0.200). CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of patients with cardiac arrest within a regional STEMI network, those treated with therapeutic hypothermia did not improve long-term survival compared to those without hypothermia.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients (Rendu Osler Syndrome) With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Prevention of Cardioembolic Events While Avoiding the Long-Term Risks of Oral Anticoagulation.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome) is an inherited vascular disorder, associated with arteriovenous malformations and bleeding events. Despite potential benefits, data regarding the use of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in HHT patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is scarce. The aim of the present paper was to assess the outcomes of HHT patients undergoing LAAO. METHODS/MATERIALS: This multicentre observational study included all consecutive patients with NVAF and a previous diagnosis of HHT who underwent LAAO between 2015 and December 2020. The follow-up protocol included a clinical control at 3 months after hospital discharge, and then yearly. RESULTS: Overall, 822 subjects undergoing LAAO were initially screened for the study. Among them, 7 patients had previous diagnosis of HHT. Device implant success was achieved in all patients and non-procedural adverse event were observed. At the maximum follow-up (median follow up = 470.5 days), no ischemic strokes or device related thrombosis (DRT) were reported. Absence of antithrombotic treatment after LAAO was not associated with an increased risk of stroke or DRT. CONCLUSIONS: LAAO might represent a promising non-pharmacological alternative to prevent thromboembolic events in patients with HHT and NVAF.

The TriClip system for edge-to-edge transcatheter tricuspid valve repair. A Spanish multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In patients with tricuspid regurgitation (TR), edge-to-edge transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR) is the strategy with the highest penetration worldwide. A dedicated edge-to-edge TTVR system has recently become available in Europe. The present study describes the initial experience with the system in Spain. METHODS: This multicenter study collected individual data from the centers accepted for the use of the novel system within an initial limited release. Between June 2020 and March 2021, all patients undergoing an edge-to-edge TTVR using the TriClip system in Spain were included in the study. The primary endpoint was the achievement of a TR reduction of at least 1 grade at discharge. RESULTS: We included 34 patients. Most of them reported a previous history of atrial fibrillation (91%) and only 1 had a pacemaker lead. The primary endpoint (TR reduction of at least 1 grade at discharge) was met in all patients. Most of the patients required 1 (47%) or 2 clips (44%) with a clear predominance of XT (87%) over NT (13%). The location of the first clip was anteroseptal in >90% of the patients. Only 1 patient had a partial detachment, which was stabilized with additional clips in the same procedure. At discharge, TR severity was≤2 in 91% of patients. At 3 months, mortality was nil. Overall, 88% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class≤2 and 80% had residual TR≤2. CONCLUSIONS: Edge-to-edge TTVR seemed to be effective and safe with a sustained TR reduction at 3 months. Further studies will be needed to confirm our findings.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Nonagenarians.

BACKGROUND: Nonagenarians constitute a fast-growing and high-risk segment of the population, with scarce data on specific outcomes for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). The aim of the present paper was to assess the outcomes of nonagenarian patients undergoing LAAO from the prospective global Amplatzer Amulet observational study. Overall, 1088 subjects were prospectively included in the study. Among them, 9 (1%) were nonagenarians. Amulet device implant success was achieved in all patients and the only major procedural adverse event was a pseudoaneurysm. During the 2-year follow-up after LAAO, no ischemic strokes or transient ischemic attacks were reported. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the favorable LAAO outcomes in this growing segment of the atrial fibrillation population.

Outcomes of Nonagenarians With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Nonagenarians are a fast-growing age group among cardiovascular patients, but data about their management and prognosis after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is scarce. This study aimed to analyze characteristics of nonagenarian patients with ACS and to compare in-hospital and 1-year clinical outcomes between those treated with medical treatment (MT) alone and those receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). DESIGN: Multicenter observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We included consecutive nonagenarian patients with ACS admitted at 4 academic centers between 2005 and 2018. Only patients with type 1 myocardial infarction were included. METHODS: Standardized definitions of all patient-related variables, clinical diagnoses, and hospital complications and outcomes were used. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. Long-term survival was compared between patients undergoing PCI and those managed with MT alone. Given differences in baseline characteristics could substantially interfere in outcomes, 3 sensitivity analyses were performed to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 680 nonagenarians were included (59% females). Of them, 373 (55%) patients presented with non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) and 307 (45%) with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A coronary angiogram was performed in 115 (31%) of NSTE-ACS and in 182 (60%) of STEMI patients with subsequent PCI in 81 (22%) and 156 (51%), respectively. Overall mortality rates were 17% in-hospital and 39% at 1-year follow-up. PCI was independently associated with a decreased risk of 1-year all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35, 0.95; P < .05], mainly observed in those patients without disability (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37, 0.94; P < .01) and lower Killip class (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28, 0.89; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The prognosis of nonagenarians after an ACS was associated with comorbidities and the therapeutic approach. Although PCI appeared to be a safe and effective strategy, it is still necessary to refine the decision-making process in this high-risk population group.

Low Dose of Direct Oral Anticoagulants after Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion.

The optimal antithrombotic strategy following left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is not yet clearly established. Low-dose non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) might represent a valid alternative, but data regarding their usage is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of low-dose NOAC compared to single (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapies (DAPT) after LAAO. We included consecutive patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who underwent LAAO and received low-dose apixaban, SAPT, or DAPT at discharge. The primary objective of this study included an efficacy endpoint (thromboembolic events and device related thrombosis (DRT)) and a safety endpoint (incidence of major bleeding) within the first three months after LAAO. A total of 139 patients were included. This group involved SAPT in 26 (18%), DAPT in 73 (53%), and apixaban in 40 (29%) patients. Follow-up at three-months showed no significant differences in the primary efficacy endpoint (2 (8%) SAPT, 3 (4%) DAPT and 0 (0%) apixaban; p value = 0.25). In contrast, the primary safety endpoint occurred more frequently in DAPT patients (7 (10%) DAPT, 0 (0%), SAPT and 0 with apixaban; p value = 0.03). Combining both efficacy and safety outcomes, low dose apixaban had a lower rate of events (2 (8%) with SAPT, 9 (12%) with DAPT and 0 (0%) with apixaban; p = 0.046). Low-dose apixaban after LAAO may be a valid alternative to DAPT and SAPT as depicted by the reduction in the occurrence of major bleedings and combined DRT/major bleedings respectively. Randomized data will be necessary to validate this strategy.

Initial Results after the Implementation of an Edge-To-Edge Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair Program.

Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVr) has emerged as an alternative for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR). We report our initial experience with an edge-to-edge TTVr system in a high-volume institution. METHODS: We included consecutive patients who underwent edge-to-edge TTVr systems. The primary efficacy endpoint was a reduction in the TR of at least one grade. The primary safety endpoint was procedure-related clinical serious adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 28 patients underwent TTVr with edge-to-edge systems. All patients presented with at least severe TR with a high impact on quality of life (82% of patients in NYHA class ≥ III). The Triclip system was the most used device (89%). The primary efficacy endpoint was met in all patients. Only one patient experienced a procedural complication (femoral pseudoaneurysm). At three-month follow-up, 83% of patients were in NYHA I or II (18% baseline vs. 83% 3 months follow-up; p < 0.001). Echocardiography follow-up showed residual TR ≤ 2 in 79% of patients (paired p < 0.001). At the maximum follow-up (median follow up = 372 days), no patients had died. CONCLUSIONS: Edge-to-edge TTVr systems seem to represent a very valid alternative to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with TR as depicted by the favorable efficacy and safety.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cardiopulmonary disease of rheumatic conditions: A systematic review / Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea en las complicaciones cardiopulmonares de enfermedades reumáticas: una revisión sistemática

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