ABSTRACT
We analyzed the neurological manifestations in Mexican patients hospitalized with pneumonia due to COVID-19 and investigated the association between demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables and outcomes, including death. A retrospective, analytical study was conducted using the electronic records of patients hospitalized between 1 April 2020 and 30 September 2020. Records of 1040 patients were analyzed: 31.25% died and 79.42% had neurological symptoms, including headache (80.62%), anosmia (32.20%), ageusia (31.96%), myopathy (28.08%), disorientation (14.89%), encephalopathy (12.22%), neuropathy (5.4%), stroke (1.3%), seizures (1.3%), cerebral hemorrhage (1.08%), encephalitis (0.84%), central venous thrombosis (0.36%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (0.24%). Patients also had comorbidities, such as hypertension (42.30%), diabetes mellitus (38.74%), obesity (61.34%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.17%), and asthma (2.01%). Factors associated with neurological symptoms were dyspnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced respiratory support, prolonged hospitalization, and worsening fibrinogen levels. Factors associated with death were older age, advanced respiratory support, amine management, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intensive care unit management, dyspnea, disorientation, encephalopathy, hypertension, neuropathy, diabetes, male sex, three or more neurological symptoms, and obesity grade 3. In this study we designed a profile to help predict patients at higher risk of developing neurological complications and death following COVID-19 infection.
ABSTRACT
Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar la capacidad predictiva de mioglobina, creatincinasa total y hemoglobina en orina de lesión renal aguda en pacientes con traumatismo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal, analítico, comparativo, observacional, en el que se identificaron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de traumatismo o politraumatismo, provenientes del servicio de urgencias, de agosto de 2017 a enero de 2018 en el Hospital General Xoco de la Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, se midieron: mioglobina, creatincinasa total, concentraciones de creatinina y hemoglobina en orina a su ingreso. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 24 pacientes de 20 a 79 años de edad, con predominio del género masculino. Al comparar las áreas bajo la curva de las pruebas se determinó que no hubo significación estadística (p = 0.266) para la creatincinasa de ingreso porque mostró un área bajo la curva de 0.636, el intervalo de confianza al 95% se encontró por debajo de 0.500. Asimismo, la mioglobina de ingreso se observó en un área bajo la curva de 0.657 (p = 0.198; IC 95% 0.423-0.891). CONCLUSIONES: Las concentraciones de creatincinasa total y mioglobina no demostraron ser predictores adecuados de lesión renal al no haber diferencia significativa; sin embargo, se encontró que las concentraciones de creatinina al ingreso tienen mayor capacidad predictiva de lesión renal aguda en pacientes con traumatismo e hiperCKemia.
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive capacity of myoglobin, total creatine kinase and urine hemoglobin for acute renal injury in patients with trauma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional, analytical, comparative, observational study was made with all adults over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of trauma or polytraumatism from August 2017 to January 2018 in the General Hospital of Xoco, Mexico City. Myoglobin, total creatine kinase, creatinine and hemoglobin levels were measured in urine at their admission. RESULTS: There were studied 24 patients from 20 to 79 years old, with a predominance of the male gender. When comparing the areas under the test curve it was determined that there was no statistical significance (p = 0.266) for the creatine kinase at the patient's admission, as it showed an area under the curve of 0.636, the 95% confidence interval was below 0.500. Likewise, the myoglobin at the patient's admission was observed under the curve area of 0.657 (p = 0.198; IC 95% 0.423-0.891). CONCLUSIONS: Levels of total creatine kinase and myoglobin did not prove to be adequate predictors of kidney injury because there was no significant difference. However, creatinine levels at admission have greater predictive capacity of acute renal injury in patients with trauma and hyperCKemia.
ABSTRACT
Resumen ANTECEDENTES La infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) incrementa la prevalencia de prolongación del intervalo QT corregido (QTc), lo que es un factor independiente de eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular en esta población. En la bibliografía mundial se asocia este cambio con la administración de los antirretrovirales inhibidores de proteasa y efavirenz. Sin embargo, no se conocen datos de estos cambios en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO Estudio prospectivo observacional en el que se seleccionaron expedientes de marzo de 2015 a mayo de 2016 de la consulta externa del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER); se dividieron en dos grupos: sin tratamiento, por reciente diagnóstico, y con tratamiento antirretroviral. Se registraron datos clínicos, tratamiento farmacológico, electrocardiograma y química sanguínea. RESULTADOS No se encontraron diferencias entre ambos grupos respecto a edad ni electrólitos séricos. Tampoco se encontró relación entre la prolongación del QTc con efavirenz o los inhibidores de proteasa. Raltegravir disminuyó la duración del QTc (p = 0.001) mientras que la coinfección por molusco contagioso se asoció con prolongación del QTc (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIÓN En nuestro estudio no logramos demostrar en población mexicana relación de la prolongación del QTc con los antirretrovirales de primera ni segunda línea. Se requieren más estudios para determinar la importancia clínica del efecto de raltegravir y molusco contagioso en el QTc.
Abstract BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the prevalence of QTc prolongation (QTc), which is an independent factor of cardiovascular disease events in this population. In the world literature this change is associated with the use of the protease inhibitors and efavirenz antiretrovirals. However, no data are available on these changes in the Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective observational study was done selecting records from March 2015 to May 2016 of the external consultation of the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City; they were divided into two groups, those without treatment, because recent diagnosis, and with antiretroviral treatment. We recorded clinical data, pharmacological treatment, electrocardiogram and blood chemistry. RESULTS We found no differences between the two groups regarding age or serum electrolytes. We found no association between QTc prolongation and efavirenz or protease inhibitors. Raltegravir decreased QTc duration (p = 0.001) while molluscum contagiosum coinfection was associated with QTc prolongation (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In our study, we failed to demonstrate in Mexican population association of QTc prolongation with first- and second-line antiretrovirals. More studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of the effect of raltegravir and molluscum contagiosum on QTc.