ABSTRACT
AIM: This study was to determine the prevalence of missed opportunities for immunization in the pediatrics unit of the Souro Sanou University Hospital. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from May to June 2010 involving children aged 0-11 months, accompanying persons and health personnel. Self-questionnaires were administered to health personnel in order to gage their knowledge of vaccination practices. RESULTS: 177 children including 101 girls and 49 health workers were recruited. The vaccination rate for children targeted by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was 38% in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and the rate of missed vaccination occasions was 50%. The low level of parental education, ignorance of EPI targeted diseases and a poor organization of the vaccination unit were noted. CONCLUSION: The overall strategy for vaccine administration should be rethought in a country with limited resources such as Burkina Faso to optimize immunization, EPI target diseases contributing to the mortality and morbidity in these regions.
BUT: L'objectif était de déterminer la fréquence des occasions manquées de vaccination dans le département de pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou de Bobo-Dioulasso. MÉTHODE: il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive de mai à juin 2010 enrobant les enfants âgés de 011 mois, les personnes accompagnatrices, les agents de santé. Des auto-questionnaires ont été administrés au personnel de santé afin de récolter leur connaissance sur la pratique de la vaccination. RÉSULTATS: Avaient été inclus dans l'étude, 177 enfants dont 101 filles ainsi que leurs accompagnants et 49 agents de santé. Le taux de couverture vaccinale des enfants cibles du programme élargi de vaccination (PEV) dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso était de 38% et le taux des occasions manquées de vaccination était de 50%. L'enquête avait noté un faible niveau d'instruction des parents, la méconnaissance des maladies cibles du PEV ainsi qu'une mauvaise organisation de l'unité de vaccination. CONCLUSION: La stratégie globale d'administration des vaccins devra être repensée dans les pays à ressources limitées comme le Burkina Faso afin d'optimiser la vaccination, les maladies cibles du PEV contribuant à alourdir la mortalité et la morbidité dans ces contrées.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b was introduced in Burkina Faso on 1st January 2006. This study thus sought to determine the impact of the first 30 months of vaccination on admissions for Hib meningitis in the department of pediatrics at the Sourô-Sanou University Hospital in Bobo Dioulasso. METHODS AND PATIENTS: Retrospective study of children aged zero to 14 years hospitalized from 1st January 2004 to 30th June 2008 for acute bacterial meningitis (laboratory-confirmed). RESULTS: During the study period, 416 children were admitted for acute bacterial meningitis. The bacterium isolated was identified in 386 cases and unidentified in 30 cases. Hib meningitis accounted for 42.3 % of the cases of identified bacterial meningitis before the introduction of the vaccine (2004 to 2005). This rate declined to 11.8 % for the first 30 months of vaccination (p < 0.001). No cases of Hib meningitis have been reported in the first half of 2008. CONCLUSION: Admissions for Hib meningitis in the Department of Pediatrics have practically disappeared two years after the introduction of the Hib vaccine into Burkina Faso's expanded program on immunization.
Subject(s)
Haemophilus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Haemophilus influenzae type b , Meningitis, Haemophilus/epidemiology , Meningitis, Haemophilus/prevention & control , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Bacterial Capsules , Burkina Faso/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Malaria is an endemic disease caused by one of the several Plasmodium species. Severe malaria is mainly due to Plasmodium falciparum in highly endemic areas. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a criterion of malaria severity as defined by WHO. Often observed in adults, particularly in India and Southeast Asia, this complication remains a rare complication of malaria in children. We report a case of oliguric ARF that occurred in a 7-year-old girl a few days after the onset of fever. The vascular obstruction by parasitized erythrocytes often causing tubular necrosis is the primary mechanism of renal failure. As a possible diagnosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, renal failure and quartan hemoglobinuric nephropathy are other possible causes of renal failure in malaria. Renal biopsy, which was not performed in our patient, would have been a great help, but was not available. The outcome was favorable with recovery of renal function after 3 weeks of diuretic therapy. This development is not always the rule and the prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment options.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/parasitology , Malaria, Falciparum/complications , Plasmodium falciparum , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Child , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Endemic Diseases , Female , Furosemide/therapeutic use , Humans , Malaria, Falciparum/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Oliguria/parasitology , Plasmodium falciparum/isolation & purification , Quinine/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
A case of ischemic gangrene of the right upper limb and hemiface noticed at birth is reported. It was a male baby born at term vaginally from a non diabetic mother. He was allowed in the surgical emergencies, 24 hours after the birth. The injuries were irreversible and required an arm amputation and a debridement of necrotic areas of the hemiface. The authors discuss the aetiology, the clinical features and the management of this rare condition.