The effects of sports participation on the dental age in adolescents.

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the effect of sports on the dental maturity using two different dental age assessment methods and to determine whether there is a significant correlation between dental maturity and body mass index. Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-eight students from Sports High School (study group) and 126 from Fine Arts High School (control group) with standard panoramic radiographs were included in the study. Dental age was assessed using Nolla's and Haavikko's methods. Demographic information regarding the weekly training hours and sports age of the study group participants was gathered. Body mass index values of all participants were calculated. Factorial analysis of variance and Tukey's test were performed and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The mean age of the students was 15.93 ± 1.13 years for the study group and 15.99 ± 1.09 years for the control group. Mean dental age values were lower than the mean chronological age values in both high schools. The difference between the dental and chronological ages was insignificant in Sports High School (p > 0.05). Differences in the body mass index between high schools and genders were statistically significant (p<0.05). Significant correlations were detected between the sports and dental ages and between dental age and body mass index values. Conclusion: Sports participation could have positive effects on the dental maturity as well as on the bone development.

Knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of a group of turkish dentists regarding child abuse / Conocimientos, actitudes y experiencias de un grupo de dentistas turcos en relación con el abuso infantil

Child abuse is a universal problem with critical lifelong effects. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, experiences of dentists regarding child abuse and to increase relevant awareness of them. A self-administered questionnaire with 48 questions about dentists' personal and educational information and their level of knowledge, attitudes, experiences on child abuse was implemented. Out of targeted 305 participants, 183 (60.0%) returned completely filled out questionnaires. Majority of participants knew signs and symptoms of child abuse. Of the participants, more than half were well-informed on what to do, however, one quarter had no knowledge about where to report in case of child abuse. In identifying child abuse, 39.3% of the participants found themselves inadequate. The most commonly stated reason for low rate of reporting was hesitancy to identify the case as abuse, and all participants needed more training. Only 12 (6.6%) participants suspected a case of child abuse. Dentists who had children and were long-time experienced and generalist did not have sufficient knowledge about legal obligations, signs and symptoms of child abuse (p<0.05). Arrangements and training programs to increase knowledge, awareness, and responsibility levels of dentists about child abuse appear to be a critically important topic.

El abuso infantil es un problema universal con efectos críticos de por vida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las experiencias de los dentistas con respecto el abuso infantil y aumentar la conciencia relevante sobre ellos. Se implementó un cuestionario autoadministrado con 48 preguntas sobre información personal y educativa de los odontólogos y su nivel de conocimientos, actitudes, experiencias sobre el abuso infantil. De los 305 participantes seleccionados, 183 (60.0%) devolvieron los cuestionarios completos. La mayoría de los participantes conocían los signos y síntomas del abuso infantil. De los participantes, más de la mitad estaban bien informados sobre qué hacer, sin embargo, una cuarta parte no sabía dónde denunciar en caso de abuso infantil. Al identificar el abuso infantil, el 39.3% de los participantes se encontraron inadecuados. La razón más común para la baja tasa de informes fue la vacilación para identificar el caso como abuso, y todos los participantes necesitaban más capacitación. Solo 12 (6.6%) participantes sospecharon un caso de abuso infantil. Los odontólogos que tenían hijos y eran de larga experiencia y generalistas no tenían suficiente conocimiento sobre las obligaciones legales, signos y síntomas de abuso infantil (p<0,05). Los arreglos y los programas de capacitación para aumentar los niveles de conocimiento, conciencia y responsabilidad de los dentistas sobre el abuso infantil parecen ser un tema de importancia crítica.

Molecular identification of LAB and yeasts from traditional sourdoughs and their impacts on the sourdough bread quality characteristics.

In this research, the LAB and yeast isolations and identifications of homemade traditional sourdoughs were investigated. Both LAB and yeasts were identified by the PCR method and used in the production of sourdough bread (SDB). Twelve types of SDB were produced from combinations of isolated LAB and yeasts. Eleven LAB and yests were identified from 36 sourdoughs. The most frequently isolated LAB species were Lactobacillus brevis (45.0%), Pediococcus acidilactici (20.0%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (18.3%) while other LAB species were isolated by only 1.7-3.5%. On the other hand, 27.5% of the isolates were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was followed by Pichia kudriavzevii (25.0%) and Kluyveromyces marxianus (12.5%). The total titratable acidity and pH of the sourdough ranged from 3.10 to 34.45% and from 4.05 to 4.80 respectively. High acceptable loaf height (7.2 cm), moisture (30.05%), dry matter (69.95%), volume (1370 cm3), specific volume (4.35 cm3 g -1 ) and sensory value (62 scores) were determined for SDB12. Isolated LAB is mainly composed of heterofermentative species (75%). Among the bread produced with the combination of LAB and yeasts, the SDB12 was the most preferred SDB in terms of sensory analysis and other quality characteristics. The use of homofermentative and heterofermentative LAB and yeast combinations provided high-quality SDB. This would be due to the symbiotic growth of these microorganisms. The use of L. plantarum by L. brevis and by other species resulted in high-quality SDB.

An Evaluation of Knowledge, Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding COVID-19 Among Parents of Pediatric Dental Patients.

Children infected with COVID-19 have a critical part in community-based viral transmission. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors of parents of pediatric dental patients on COVID-19 and to present required actions to prevent its spreading. A total of 524 parents took part in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared for determining sociodemographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of parents, along with their COVID-19-related knowledge, awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. In total, 90.6% of parents were unaware that disease may show no symptoms; 61.1% and 32.6% did not know roles of "close contact with asymptomatic patients" and "dentistry practices" in transmission, respectively; 30.2% thought it could be transmitted to their children at dental clinics, and only 16.4% stated their children as carriers. Parents need to be informed on COVID-19 transmission through contact with asymptomatic individuals, risks associated with dentistry practices, and role of children in transmission.

The protective role of selenium against dental amalgam-induced intracellular oxidative toxicity through the TRPV1 channel in DBTRG glioblastoma cells.

OBJECTIVE: The exposure to mercury (Hg) from dental amalgams is a suspected causative factor in neurological diseases. This study investigated the toxic effects of two different amalgam compositions related to Hg and the protective effects of selenium against the toxic effects of Hg through the TRPV1 channel in the human DBTRG glioblastoma cell line. METHODOLOGY: Six groups of the cells were organized. Analyses of cell viability, apoptosis, caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Western Blotting for protein expression levels were performed. RESULTS: Cell viability values were lower in amalgam with high copper (HCu) and low copper (LCu) groups independently of time but were increased by selenium and capsazepine (p<0.001 and p<0.05). Conversely, apoptosis rates, caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, ROS formation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and protein expression levels were higher in the HCu and LCu groups but were decreased by selenium (p<0.001 and p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Selenium combined with an amalgam of either HCu or LCu decreases the toxic effects created by Hg in human DBTRG glioblastoma cells.

One-year clinical evaluation of two high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements in class II restorations of primary molars.

BACKGROUND: Little information exists on the clinical performance of restorative materials on primary teeth of preschool children. This study aimed to evaluate clinical performance of compomer, glass-hybrid-added high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement and zinc-added high-viscosity glass-ionomer cement materials in class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars. METHODS: The study included 251 teeth of 57 patients aged 4-7 years with proximal caries in primary molars. The teeth were divided into three groups, and each restorative material was randomly distributed. Dyract XP, Equia Forte and ChemFil Rock materials were placed after cavity preparation and clinically evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months using modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and z tests. RESULTS: At the end of 12 months, a total of three restorations in Dyract XP group, 22 in Equia Forte group and 11 in ChemFil Rock group failed in retention criteria. No statistically significant difference existed between retention, colour match and surface texture criteria of all groups at 3 and 6 months, but a statistically significant difference was found at 12 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For class ΙΙ restorations of primary molars, the success of compomer material was superior to high-viscosity glass-ionomer materials.

The protective role of selenium against dental amalgam-induced intracellular oxidative toxicity through the TRPV1 channel in DBTRG glioblastoma cells

Abstract Objective The exposure to mercury (Hg) from dental amalgams is a suspected causative factor in neurological diseases. This study investigated the toxic effects of two different amalgam compositions related to Hg and the protective effects of selenium against the toxic effects of Hg through the TRPV1 channel in the human DBTRG glioblastoma cell line. Methodology Six groups of the cells were organized. Analyses of cell viability, apoptosis, caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Western Blotting for protein expression levels were performed. Results Cell viability values were lower in amalgam with high copper (HCu) and low copper (LCu) groups independently of time but were increased by selenium and capsazepine (p<0.001 and p<0.05). Conversely, apoptosis rates, caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression, ROS formation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and protein expression levels were higher in the HCu and LCu groups but were decreased by selenium (p<0.001 and p<0.05). Conclusions Selenium combined with an amalgam of either HCu or LCu decreases the toxic effects created by Hg in human DBTRG glioblastoma cells.

Bisphenol A-Induced Cell Proliferation and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Are Diminished via Modulation of TRPV1 Channel in Estrogen Positive Breast Cancer Cell by Selenium Treatment.

Cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis are induced by overload Ca2+ entry. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) as a Ca2+ permeable cation channel is activated by capsaicin and reactive oxygen species (ROS), although it is blocked by capsazepine and sodium selenite (Na-Se). Bisphenol A (BPA) induces estrogenic action and further stimulates the proliferation of estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cell through excessive production ROS and Ca2+ influx. However, whether or not Na-Se can influence BPA-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through modulation of TRPV1 in breast cancer cells has not drawn much attention. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were divided into four treatment groups as control, Na-Se (1 µM for 2 h), and BPA (0.1 mM for 24 h) and BPA + Na-Se. The Na-Se reduced BPA-induced increase of cell number, mitochondria oxidative stress, and TRPV1 channel activity modulation of MCF-7 cells, which was proved by the suppression of cell viability, excessive ROS production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, lipid peroxidation, early apoptosis (Annexin-V), late apoptosis (propidium iodide) and upregulation of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and cell death (propidium iodide/Hoechst rate). The similar effects of Na-Se were observed in the MCF-7 cells by capsazepine treatment. However, the effects of BPA were not observed in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. In conclusion, cell proliferative and oxidant effects of BPA were increased by activation of TRPV1, but its action on the values was decreased by the Na-Se treatment. The results may be a good set of preliminary data for designing animal studies on estrogenic effect of bisphenol A and antiestrogenic of selenium.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of the composite and compomer onlays in primary molars.

Resin onlay restoration is an esthetic alternative technique used for restoring extensively damaged primary molars. Understanding the behavior of materials under repeated functional stress and how the stress is transmitted to the remaining tooth structure is important. The aim of this study was to compare stresses in primary molars restored with indirect composite and compomer onlay. 3D frame models of the right mandibular and maxillary primary molars and the alveolar bone were created using computerized tomography images of a six-year-old girl. The enamel and dentine layers above the cement layer were unified to generate onlay restoration, and composite and compomer were used as restorative materials. The vertical occlusal load (100 N) was applied to the teeth in the occlusal contact areas. The von Mises stress distributions and normal stress distributions of the y-axis (parallel to the long axis of tooth) were evaluated. The occlusal stress is transmitted to the cervical part of healthy teeth by spreading it through the enamel layer. The composite and compomer restorative materials exhibited similar stress distribution patterns. An indirect technique creates a structure similar to the original morphological form, and it allows restorations to distribute high occlusal stresses and to minimize possible breakages.

Dental age estimation by different methods in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one of the developmental enamel defects. In patients with AI, as well as enamel defects, some dental anomalies are encountered and may affect tooth development. For children whose enamel structure is not normal, whether an accurate result can be obtained by dental age determination methods is not clear. The aims of this study are to determine the dental age for the assessment of tooth development in patients with AI by 3 different methods, to decide a method that will present the most accurate result to the chronological age, and to build a basis in terms of postmortem identification. The records of patients who were referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry between the years of 1999 and 2018, and diagnosed with AI were reviewed. At the age of 6-15 years, 58 patients (33 males-25 females) (Group I) with AI were determined. A total of 116 healthy individuals (66 males-50 females) (Group II) who were age and gender matched with the AI group were selected as the control group. Chronological age was calculated, and Nolla's, Demirjian's and Haavikko's methods were used to estimate dental age. Chronological and dental ages were compared according to the group and gender. The accuracy of three methods was also evaluated. There was no statistical significant differences for the tooth development in terms of group and gender. Dental age was over-estimated by Demirjian's method and under-estimated by Nolla's and Haavikko's methods. Haavikko's and Nolla's methods were more accurate in the dental age estimation. AI did not present an impact on the dental development. By using particularly Haavikko's method, the possible margin of error in evaluations of dental development can be reduced. Similar studies comprising other defects affecting the tooth structure and morphology are also necessary.

An 18-Month-Old Child with Infantile Pompe Disease: Oral Signs.

We aim to create an information platform by contributing orodental findings of Pompe disease to literature. An 18-month-old male patient with Pompe disease was referred to our clinic due to swelling of the gums. In first dental examination, a nonfluctuant, normal gingiva colored swelling at the right anterior region of maxilla was detected. His parents were recommended to perform finger massage to the region. Six months later, 51, 52, 62, and 74 numbered teeth had erupted, there was a fusion between 51 and 52 numbered teeth, 84 numbered tooth was seen to be erupted, and a swelling at the site of this tooth, similar to previous one, was present. Finger massage was recommended for this area as well, and the swelling was found to have decreased at the follow-up, one week later. Tooth eruption problems and developmental dental abnormalities should be included in the signs for Pompe disease.

Taking a Glance at Anterior Crossbite in Children: Case Series.

Anterior crossbite is a malocclusion that takes place for various reasons, leads to major problems and may be fixed using various methods. This study aimed to provide an update regarding the methods used for anterior crossbite treatment presenting treatments of the removable active acrylic appliance with bite plane. Clinical examination of aged 9-15, seven healthy children who visited our clinic due to crowding and esthetic displeasure in anterior teeth indicated that one or more permanent maxillar incisor teeth were positioned behind of permanent mandibular incisor teeth. After clinical-radiographical examinations, removable active acrylic appliances with bite plane were decided to apply. Patients with adapted-activated appliances were called to follow-ups once a week. Treatments continued 4-6 weeks in mixed dentition, 7-8 weeks in permanent dentition. In choosing the method, advantages-disadvantages, indications-contraindications of methods should be discussed. Correct indication and suitable motivation are important for the success of anterior crossbite treatment.

Mutations in the MSX1 gene in Turkish children with non-syndromic tooth agenesis and other dental anomalies.

AIM: To search for mutations on the MSX1 gene and to present a genetic basis for non-syndromic tooth agenesis in conjunction with dental anomalies in a Turkish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients included in this study were otherwise healthy, with ages ranging from seven to eighteen years. Eighty-two of them had one to six teeth missing (Group I) and 26 had more than six teeth missing (Group II), except for the third molars,. The missing teeth and dental anomalies were examined clinically and radiographically. The MSX1 gene was sequenced from the blood samples of patients who consented to the study. RESULTS: Mutations or polymorphisms on the MSX1 gene were identified in six patients. Taurodontism was seen in patients from both groups I and II. The nucleotide changes were identified by mutation screening. CONCLUSIONS: Performing family studies, screening other candidate genes, and investigation of interactions between genes will provide a basis for better analysis of tooth agenesis models and their association with other dental anomalies.

Accuracy of different dental age estimation methods on Turkish children.

Tooth development is widely used to estimate age or maturation. Dental age estimation is so important for various research works. Numerous methods have been described to estimate dental age based on the dental maturation. The aims of this study were to decide the best method to estimate dental age on Turkish children by reviewing several methods and to illustrate the differences among the methods and to assist future studies. The records of Turkish children between the ages of 7 and 13 years who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Süleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey were reviewed and a total of 425 healthy children with complete records, satisfactory panoramic radiographs, similar socio-economic background and ethnic origin were included. Panoramic radiographs were examined with Nolla's, Haavikko's and Demirjian's methods. Dental age was calculated for each method, and the differences between the estimated dental age and the chronological age were compared with paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The accuracy of three methods was obtained with ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient). An under-estimation of the dental age was observed by using Nolla's and Haavikko's methods (boys -0.53±0.95, girls -0.57±0.91, both -0.54±0.93; boys -0.60±0.80, girls -0.56±0.81, both -0.58±0.80, respectively) and an over-estimation of the dental age was observed by using Demirjian's method (boys 0.52±0.86, girls 0.75±0.90, both 0.64±0.89). Haavikko's method was more accurate in the dental age estimation compared to the other methods. All of the three methods are not completely suitable for Turkish children and establishment of the population-specific standards is essential and crucial.

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome: A case report from Turkey

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome (HSS) is a rare disorder characterized primarily by head and face abnormalities, with dental abnormalities also present in 50-80 percent of cases. The first description seems to have been made by Aubry in 1893. HSS was first described completely in 1948 by Hallermann, and then in 1950 by Streiff. We report a 4-year-old girl with HSS, presenting orodental characteristics and describe the treatment modalities. An interdisciplinary approach including early preventive-care programmes, detailed oral hygiene instructions, dietary recommendations, counselling of the parents and regular dental visits are the essential procedures (AU)

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome: a case report from Turkey.

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome (HSS) is a rare disorder characterized primarily by head and face abnormalities, with dental abnormalities also present in 50-80 percent of cases. The first description seems to have been made by Aubry in 1893. HSS was first described completely in 1948 by Hallermann, and then in 1950 by Streiff. We report a 4-year-old girl with HSS, presenting oro-dental characteristics and describe the treatment modalities. An interdisciplinary approach including early preventive-care programmes, detailed oral hygiene instructions, dietary recommendations, counselling of the parents and regular dental visits are the essential procedures.