ABSTRACT
Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), and it generates great economic losses for the dairy industry worldwide. In humans, Map has been associated with Crohn's disease. Mexico has unknown paratuberculosis prevalence, and yet, control programs have not been applied. This study aimed to determine the presence of Map in milk samples from seropositive goats and cows and bulk tank milk samples from herds previously designated Map-infected using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Map DNA was detected in 100% of the bulk tank milk samples of 14 bovine herds and 3 caprine flocks using a modified insertion sequence 900 polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, Map DNA was detected in 100% of the individual milk samples from 10 cows and 8 goats. Further, based on the findings of the experimental insertion sequence 900 PCR assessment, evaluation of bulk tank and individual milk samples through a type-specific PCR was performed, which confirmed our previous findings and revealed that 56.25% cow and 63.63% goat milk had concurrent infections of the C, I, and S types. Out of 14 bulk tank milk samples, 10 had viable mycobacteria. Paratuberculosis was detected at a high frequency in cow and goat milk, which suggests that raw milk ingestion represents a potential risk of Map infection.
Subject(s)
Milk/microbiology , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/isolation & purification , Paratuberculosis/microbiology , Animals , Bacterial Typing Techniques/veterinary , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Crohn Disease/etiology , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Dairying/methods , Female , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , Goat Diseases/diagnosis , Goat Diseases/epidemiology , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Goats , Mexico , Milk/chemistry , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/classification , Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis/genetics , Paratuberculosis/diagnosis , Paratuberculosis/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Prevalence , Serotyping/veterinaryABSTRACT
Immunophenotype constitutes an important factor in the prognosis of canine lymphoma. It has been demonstrated that dogs with B-cell lymphomas have a longer life span than those with T-cell lymphomas. CD3 and CD79a antigens are the most common markers used for the immunohistochemical determination of T-cell and B-cell on formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded canine lymphoma tissues. This study describes the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of 31 cases of lymphoma in Mexico, obtained from file of the Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Faculty of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The National Cancer Institute-Working Formulation (NCI-WF) classification system was used for the histological classification. Fourteen cases (45.16%) were B cell origin, 15 cases (48.39%) were T-cell origin and 2 cases (6.45%) presented an indeterminate origin. Histopathological diffuse large cell lymphoma (DL) was the most common found (38.71%), followed by lymphocytic (DSL), immunoblastic (IB), intermediate and high-grade lymphomas represented 77.42% of the cases. In this study there was higher prevalence of T-cell lymphoma. The results in this work could indicate prevalent differences in the immunophenotype of the canine lymphoma in Mexico compared with other geographical areas.
El inmunofenotipo constituye un factor importante en el pronóstico del linfoma canino. Se ha demostrado que perros con linfoma de células B presentan tiempos de sobrevivencia más largos que los perros con linfoma de células T. Los antígenos CD3 y CD79a son los marcadores más utilizados en inmunohistoquímica para la determinación del fenotipo celular T y B, respectivamente, en muestras fijadas en formalina y conservadas en bloques de parafina. En este estudio se describen las características morfológicas e inmunofenotípicas de 31 casos de linfoma en México, de casos del archivo del Departamento de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Para la clasificación histológica se utilizó el sistema del National Cancer Institute-Working Formulation (NCI-WF). Catorce casos (45.16%) correspondieron a células B, 15 (48.39%) a células T, y dos (6.45%) fueron de origen indeterminado. Histopatológicamente, el linfoma difuso de células grandes fue el tipo más común, representó 38.71% de los casos; le siguieron los siguientes linfomas: linfocítico, inmunoblástico y linfoblástico. Los linfomas de grado intermedio a alto representaron 77.42% de los casos. En este estudio se encontró mayor prevalencia de linfoma de células T. Los resultados en este trabajo pudieran indicar una diferencia en la prevalencia en el inmunofenotipo del linfoma canino en México, en relación con otras zonas geográficas.