Tests of proportional hazards and proportional odds models for grouped survival data.

In this paper, we derive score test statistics to discriminate between proportional hazards and proportional odds models for grouped survival data. These models are embedded within a power family transformation in order to obtain the score tests. In simple cases, some small-sample results are obtained for the score statistics using Monte Carlo simulations. Score statistics have distributions well approximated by the chi-squared distribution. Real examples illustrate the proposed tests.

Acute toxicity (LD50 and CD50) of lidocaine and prilocaine in combination with adrenaline and felypressin.

The toxicity of the combination of vasoconstrictors to local anaesthetic solutions has been debated since its first use in the beginning of this century. A combination of two vasoconstrictors to a local anaesthetic has been proposed by some researchers. In this study they were evaluated the acute toxicity (lethal dose 50%, convulsion dose 50%) and latency times of loss of righting reflex and convulsion as well as the duration of convulsion) of 2% lidocaine or 3% prilocaine, when administered in combination with adrenaline and felypressin at various concentrations. Lethal dose 50% studies showed that for both anaesthetics the solutions with higher concentrations of adrenaline were more toxic. The opposite was observed in the convulsion dose 50% studies. No alterations were observed in the control groups. All lidocaine solutions increased the latency of loss of righting reflex. The latency of convulsion was increased in some groups, but once the convulsion was achieved there was no difference in its duration. There was no statistical difference among prilocaine groups for any of the variables studied. Based on the experimental model studied, it was concluded that there is no advantage in the association of two vasoconstrictors concerning the toxicity of lidocaine and prilocaine solutions.