ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: los cuadros clínicos más graves y los desenlaces fatales resultantes de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 han sido asociados con una hiperactivación del sistema inmune con inmunotrombosis, proceso caracterizado por una respuesta inflamatoria exacerbada y de hipercoagulabilidad. Diferentes comorbilidades y factores genéticos de cada individuo podrían estar involucrados en un peor pronóstico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si distintos biomarcadores relacionados con inflamación y coagulación, así como ciertas variables clínicas, identificadas al momento de la admisiónhospitalaria, podrían ser factores de riesgo asociados con una evolución clínica desfavorable. Asimismo, investigar la posible asociación entre la portación de las variantes genéticas factor V Leiden, la variante G20210A del gen del factor II y las variantes alélicas 10034C/T del gen del fibrinógeno gamma y 7872C/T del gen del factor XI con el desenlace clínico de pacientes COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron 204 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19+, hospitalizados durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Se registraron variables demográficas y clínicas incluyendo comorbilidades y se midieron diversos parámetros bioquímicos plasmáticos. Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos (sobrevida: n=141 y muerte: n=63) para comparar su evolución clínica. Resultados: se observó que los pacientes fallecidos eran de mayor edad y presentaban un índice de masa corporal más alto. Además, tenían recuentos de plaquetas y linfocitos más bajos, recuentos totales de leucocitos y neutrófilos más altos, una mayor relación neutrófilos/linfocitos y niveles más elevados de dímero D, ferritina y LDH en comparación con los supervivientes (p<0.05). Estableciendo puntos de corte, se encontró que un recuento de plaquetas <200.103/ul [OR=2.81, IC 95% (1.51-5.23)], un recuento de leucocitos >10.103/ul [OR=2.54, IC 95% (1.32-5.23)], un porcentaje de linfocitos <10% [OR=3.48, IC 95% (1.85-6.54]), un porcentaje de neutrófilos >70% [OR=2.82, IC 95% (1.43-5.59)], una relación neutrófilos/linfocitos >4 [OR=2.77, IC 95% (1.40-5.40)], niveles de dímero D >1500 ng/ml FEU [OR=2.67 IC 95% (1.33-5.37)] y ferritina >1000 ng/ml [OR=2.33, IC 95%(1.214.49)] al momento de la admisión hospitalaria estarían asociados con mayores posibilidades de sufrir un desenlace fatal. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las distribuciones genotípicas de las variantes genéticas estudiadas entre ambos grupos. Discusión: acorde a investigaciones previas, se encontró que la edad, la obesidad y los niveles de marcadores hematológicos/plasmáticos medidos al momento de la admisión hospitalaria serían predictores de mal pronóstico en pacientes no inmunizados. Pese a la típica exacerbación de los mecanismos de coagulación en casos de COVID-19 severo, la portación de las variantes genéticas protrombóticas estudiadas no estaría asociada a un peor pronóstico.
Abstract Introduction: the most severe clinical presentations and the fatal outcomes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection have been associated with hyperactivation of the immune system with immunothrombosis, a process characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response and hypercoagulability. Different comorbidities and genetic factors of each individual could be involved in a worse prognosis. The objective of this study was to analyze whether different biomarkers related to inflammation and coagulation, as well as certain clinical variables, addressed at the time of hospital admission, could be risk factors associated with an adverse clinical outcome. Likewise, to investigate the possible association between the carriage of the genetic variants factor V Leiden, G20210A variant in the factor II gene and the allelic variants 10034C/T in the fibrinogen gamma gene and 7872C/T in the factor XI gene and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods: 204 adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19+, hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic, were included. Demographic and clinical variables including comorbidities were recorded and various plasma biochemical parameters were measured. The patients were divided into two groups (survival: n=141 and death: n=63) to compare their clinical evolution. Results: it was found that the deceased patients were older and had a higher body mass index. They also had lower platelet and lymphocyte counts, higher total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and higher levels of D-dimer, ferritin, and LDH compared to survivors (p<0.05). Establishing cut-off points, it was found that a platelet count <200.103/ul [OR=2.81, IC 95% (1.515.23)], a leukocyte count >10.103/ul [OR=2.54, IC 95% (1.32-5.23)], a percentage of lymphocytes <10% [OR=3.48, IC 95% (1.85-6.54]), a percentage of neutrophils >70% [OR=2.82, IC 95% (1.43-5.59)] a relationship neutrophils/lymphocytes >4 [OR=2.77, IC 95% (1.40-5.40)], D-dimer levels >1500 ng/ml FEU [OR=2.67 IC 95% (1.33-5.37)] and ferritin >1000 ng/ml [OR=2.33, IC 95%(1.21-4.49)] at the time of hospital admission would be associated with greater chances of suffering a fatal outcome. No significant differences were found in the genotypic distributions of the genetic variants studied between both groups. Discussion: according to previous investigations, it was found that age, obesity and the levels of hematological/plasma markers measured at the time of hospital admission, would be predictors of poor prognosis in non-immunized patients. Despite the typical exacerbation of coagulation mechanisms in cases of severe COVID-19, the carriage of the prothrombotic genetic variants studied would not be associated with a worse prognosis.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease described in case series and publications worldwide. Over the past twenty years, the authors of different studies have attempted to evaluate its incidence and prevalence. The objetive of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children seen at 36 pediatric gastroenterology centers in ten Latin American countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted that estimated the period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in children seen at outpatient consultation and that underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for any indication at 36 centers in 10 Latin American countries, within a 3-month time frame. RESULTS: Between April and June 2016, 108 cases of eosinophilic esophagitis were evaluated. Likewise, an average of 29,253 outpatient consultations and 4,152 diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were carried out at the 36 participating centers. The period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in the population studied (n=29,253) was 3.69 cases×1,000 (95% CI: 3.04 to 4.44), and among the children that underwent routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (n=4,152), it was 26x1,000 (95% CI: 22.6 to 29.4). CONCLUSIONS: The general period prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis in a group of children evaluated at 36 Latin American pediatric gastroenterology centers was 3.69×1,000, and in the children that underwent endoscopy, it was 26×1,000. There was important prevalence variability between the participating countries and centers. The present analysis is the first study conducted on the prevalence of pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in Latin America.
Subject(s)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gastroenterology , Hospitals, Special , Humans , Infant , Latin America/epidemiology , Male , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso fisiológico deteriorativo que se observa desde la sexta década de la vida. Si bien los cambios demográficos de Chile revelan un envejecimiento poblacional, no existe suficiente información sobre el estado periodontal de los adultos de 60 años en nuestro país. Actualmente el Programa GES Salud Oral Integral para el Adulto de 60 Años tiene como objetivo mejorar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar el estado periodontal de los adultos de 60 años pertenecientes a los consultorios municipalizados de Villa Alemana y su necesidad de tratamiento. Pacientes y Método: Se examinaron a 124 pacientes voluntarios, seleccionados de forma aleatoria simple. Se les realizó un examen registrándose: higiene oral, índice hemorrágico, pérdida de inserción clínica, profundidad de sondaje y PSR. Se realizó el análisis estadístico y test de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: El 90.32 por ciento presentó una mala higiene oral, en promedio presentaron un índice hemorrágico de 68.42 por ciento, el 100 por ciento presentó pérdida de inserción clínica y el 14.51 por ciento presentó en promedio profundidades de sondaje mayores o iguales a 5 mm. La totalidad de los adultos de 60 años necesita algún tipo de tratamiento periodontal, siendo un 82.3 por ciento el que necesita un tratamiento periodontal complejo. Conclusiones: Los pacientes GES de 60 años presentaron un mal estado periodontal determinado por higiene oral, índice hemorrágico, pérdida de inserción clínica y profundidad de sondaje, mostrando un importante deterioro de la salud periodontal de dicha población. La totalidad de los adultos de 60 años necesita tratamiento periodontal de algún tipo, siendo un 82.3 por ciento el que necesita tratamiento periodontal complejo.
Introduction: Aging is a physiological and deteriorative process that begins in the sixth decade of life. Demographic changes in Chile reveal an aging population. In our country there is a lack of information about the periodontal status of the group of adults of 60 years-old. Nowadays, the GES Program Integral Oral Health for 60 Years-old Adults aims to improve their quality life. Objectives: Determine the periodontal status and treatment needs of adults aged 60 belonging to primary care health center of Villa Alemana. Patients and Methods: A total of 124 patients, randomly selected, were examined. It was effectuated an extra and intraoral examination, registering: oral hygiene, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss, probing depth and PSR. Statistical analysis and Chi-square test were done. Results: 90.32 percent of sample showed a poor oral hygiene, the patients presented a bleeding index of 68.42 percent on average, 100 percent of sample presented clinical attachment loss and 14.51 percent showed on average probing depths greater than or equal to 5 mm. All the patients need some periodontal treatment, and an 82.3 percent needs comprehensive periodontal treatment. Conclusions: 60 years-old adults showed a poor periodontal status determined by oral hygiene, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss and probing depths, showing an important deterioration of periodontal health of this population. All the 60 years-old adults need some kind of periodontal therapy, while an 82.3 percent needs a comprehensive periodontal treatment.