ABSTRACT
In this paper, a thermo-responsive shape memory effect in a polyvinyl chloride thermoset foam is characterized. Excellent shape recovery performance is observed in foam samples programmed both at room temperature and above their transition temperature. The conversion of porous structures in the foam from closed-cell to open-cell after a shape memory effect cycle is revealed via a series of specially designed oil-dripping experiments and optical images of the micro pores. Programming the strain higher than 20% results in an apparent increase in open-cell level, whereas programming temperatures have almost no influence.
ABSTRACT
We propose a new method for regulating valley pseudomagnetoresistance in ballistic graphene-based valley field-effect transistors by taking into account the Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion and electric barrier. The device involves valley injection and valley detection by ferromagnetic-strain source and drain. The valley manipulation in the channel is achieved via the Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion and electric barrier. The central mechanism of these devices lies on Y-shaped Kekulé lattice distortion in graphene can induce a valley precession, thus controlling the valley orientation of channel electrons and hence the current collected at the drain. We found that the tuning external bias voltage makes the valley pseudomagnetoresistance oscillate between positive and negative values and colossal tunneling valley pseudomagnetoresistance of over 30,000% can be achieved. Our results suggest that the synergy of valleytronics and digital logics may provide new paradigms for valleytronic-based information processing and reversible computing.
ABSTRACT
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a prototypical antibody-mediated neurological autoimmune disease with the involvement of humoral immune responses in its pathogenesis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells have been implicated in many autoimmune diseases. However, whether and how Tfh cells are involved in MG remain unclear. Here, we established and studied a widely-used and approved animal model of human MG, the rat model with acetylcholine receptor alpha (AChRα) subunit (R-AChR97-116)-induced experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). This model presented mild body-weight loss 10 days after the first immunization (representing the early stage of disease) and more obvious clinical manifestations and body-weight loss 7 days after the second immunization (representing the late stage of disease). AChR-specific pre-Tfh cells and mature Tfh cells were detected in these two stages, respectively. In co-cultures of Tfh cells and B cells, the number of IgG2b-secreting B cells and the level of anti-AChR antibodies in the supernatant were higher in the cultures containing EAMG-derived Tfh cells. In immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays, a substantial number of CD4+/Bcl-6+ T cells and a greater number of larger germinal centers were observed in lymph node tissues resected from EAMG rats. Based on these results, we hypothesize that an AChR-specific Tfh cell-mediated humoral immune response contributes to the development of EAMG.